阅读理解Phones influence all aspects of teenage life. Ninety-five percent of Americans ages 13 to 17 have a smartphone or have access to one, and nearly half report using the internet "almost【C1】________." But as recent survey data and interviews have suggested, many teens find much of that time to be unsatisfyingly spent. Continuous【C2】________shouldn’t be mistaken for endless enjoyment. A new【C3】________representative survey about "screen time and device distractions" from the Pew Research Center indicates that it’s not just parents who think teenagers are worryingly【C4】________from their phones—many teens themselves do too. Fifty-four percent of the 13-to- 17-year-olds surveyed said they spend too much time【C5】________in their phones. Vicky Rideout, who runs a research firm that studies children’s interactions with media and technology, was not surprised by this finding. She says it’s hardly【C6】________to teenagers. "They are dealing with the same challenges that adults are, as far as they are living in the【C7】________of a tech environment designed to suck as much of their time onto their devices as possible," Rideout says. The way parents interact with technology can【C8】________the way they interact with their kids. Rideout thus thinks it’s up to parents to model good 【C9】________: Kids tend to take note if their parents put their phone away at dinner or charge it in another room while they sleep. Witnessing habits like that can help kids "realize that they can【C10】________some more control over their devices," she says. A) absorbed E) context I) recruited M) summary B) addicted F) exercise J) shape N) usage C) behavior G) inseparable K) solution O) vaguely D) constantly H) nationally L) specific

阅读理解Social media can be a powerful communication tool for employees, helping them to collaborate, share ideas and solve problems. Research has shown that 82% of employees think social media can improve work relationships and 60% believe it can support decision-making processes. These beliefs contribute to a majority of workers connecting with colleagues on social media, even during work hours. Employers typically worry that social media is a productivity killer; more than half of U. S. employers reportedly block access to social media at work. In my research with 277 employees of a healthcare organization I found these concerns to be misguided. Social media doesn’t reduce productivity nearly as much as it kills employee retention. In the first part of the study I surveyed the employees about why and how they used platforms like Facebook, Twitter, or Linkedln. Respondents were then asked about their work behaviors, including whether they felt motivated in their jobs and showed initiative at work. I found employees who engage in online social interactions with co-workers through social media blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas. But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization, they are less motivated and show less initiative. In the second part of the study I found 76% of employees using social media for work took an interest in other organizations they found on social media. When I examined how respondents expressed openness to new careers and employers, I found that they engaged in some key activities including researching new organizations and making new work connections. These findings present a dilemma for managers: employees using social media at work are more engaged and more productive, but they are also more likely to leave your company. Managers should implement solutions that neutralize the retention risk caused by social media. They can create social media groups in which employees will be more likely to collaborate and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about external job opportunities. Managers can also use social media to directly reduce turnover (跳槽) intentions, by recognizing employees’ accomplishments and giving visibility to employees’ success stories.

阅读理解Public perception of success in the U.S. might be totally misguided. While 92% of people believe others care most about fame and【C1】________, fewer than 10% factor those qualities into their own success. This is according to the newly【C2】________study by Harvard Graduate School of Education professor Todd Smith. Smith says he was【C3】________by how past studies on success "assumed what people will care about." In this study, his team "went the【C4】________direction" by spending years carrying out individual interviews and group surveys to see what people really talk about when they talk about success. As a scientist, Smith【C5】________studied individuality for a living, and even he was surprised to find younger respondents cared more about having a【C6】________in life. Those between the ages of 18 and 34 prioritized it most, and that prioritization dropped off as respondents’ ages went up. Perhaps this is because older people had fewer options when they were starting their careers, at a time when values focused more on stable incomes than【C7】________personal missions. Other trends included an emphasis on the importance of parenting. Being a parent【C8】________very high across the priorities of all study participants. Ultimately, Smith hopes institutions will take note of these insights【C9】________. Higher education institutions tend to focus on preparing students for high-paying jobs. For such institutions, from universities to workplaces, to better【C10】________people in the U.S., they’ll need to understand "what the American public highly prioritizes," Smith says. A) accommodate I) oppositeB) accordingly J) professionC) acquiring K) purposeD) bothered L) rankedE) fortune M) releasedF) fulfilling N) similarlyG) identify O) wrong H) literally

阅读理解How a rabbit study and an ex-student boost my hopes for a future of ‘love and dignity’A) At whatever grade level teachers find themselves, from kindergarten to the final class at medical or law school, few moments stir the emotions as deeply as when former students reappear years and often decades later with an update on where their journey has taken them and what resiliencies (韧性) have been the pavement on which they’ve traveled.B) So it was when a recent letter came from Kelli Harding, a student 21 years ago in my Peace Studies summer course in Washington. The weekly tuition-free class, in a roomy space that Ralph Nader and his Public Citizen nonprofit group provided, was discussion-based and required no useless homework or exams. Just come in and figure out how to increase peace and decrease violence. And do it today, tomorrow is too late. The course attracted mostly congressional interns (实习生), with a few exceptions like Kelli who was in Washington as an AmeriCorps volunteer.C) Her year-long service included comforting AIDs patients at a free health clinic and delivering meals to the homebound. It was a world apart from her undergraduate days at the University of California-Berkeley majoring in political science. The Washington experience, which Kelli would later call "transformative," was the fuel that carried her into medicine to earn a master’s degree in public health from Columbia University and a medical degree from the University of Rochester, and almost two decades of practice as an emergency-room psychiatrist (精神科医生) at New York-Presbyterian Hospital and a clinical professor of psychiatry at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.D) Kelli’s letter, a literate update on both her personal and professional life, touched my heart, and especially so when saying that two decades later she still has the course text, "Solutions to Violence," and that "it remains one of my favorite possessions." She lives in Lower Manhattan with her husband, Padraic, whom she met on a flight to London, and their three boys.E) If Kelli stands out, it’s because she is also a gifted writer. Last month, Atria Books published her book The Rabbit Effect: Live Longer, Happier and Healthier with the Groundbreaking Science of Kindness.F) With a blending of free-flowing confessional prose and scholarly research found in 461 notes, Kelli met my expectations that her ideas and ideals would be sound and singular. "Despite our scientific progress," she writes, "Americans are remarkably unhealthy. In 2016, the United States ranked forty-third in the world for life expectancy... It is also by far the world’s most expensive place to get sick."G) Enter the rabbits—not those running around in our woodlands but ones serving in two month-long medical experiments to test the effects of eating a high-fat diet and the connections between cholesterol and heart disease. With similar diets, the expectations were that all the rabbits would have similar cloggings of their arteries (动脉堵塞). Yet one group had 60% fewer of them.H) The reason? Instead of receiving the standard care given to lab animals, the 60% group was watched over by a newcomer to the lab who, Kelli writes, "handled the animals differently. When she fed her rabbits she talked to them and petted them. She didn’t just pass out food, she gave them love... The studies indicate something is missing in the traditional biomedical model. It wasn’t diet or genetics that made a difference in which rabbits got sick and which stayed healthy. It was kindness."I) Amid the political noise about Obamacare, Medicare, Medicaid, health insurance and thieving pharmaceutical (医药的 ) companies, Kelli Harding stands apart from the crowd calling for quick fixes, the simpler the better. She has walked too many miles in the halls of hospitals visiting too many far-gone patients and seeing too many medical mistakes to go along with conventional thinking.J) "The rabbit effect," she explains, means that "when it comes to our health, we’ve been missing some crucial pieces: hidden factors behind what really makes us healthy. Factors like love, friendship, and dignity. The designs of our neighborhoods, schools, and workplaces. There’s a social dimension to health that we’ve completely overlooked in our efforts to find the best and most cutting-edge medical care... Ultimately, what affects our health in the most meaningful ways has more to do with how we treat one another, how we live, and how we think about what it means to be human than with anything that happens in the doctor’s office."K) In more than a few passages, she relates the stories of men and women who came up against assembly-line medicine where patients were treated mostly as pieces of flesh. "Clinically," she writes, "it’s common to see two patients with the same condition, such as recovering from a heart attack, have two very different courses based on seemingly irrelevant factors, such as their family relationships or their educational levels. In my practice, the sickest people I see often share similar backgrounds: loneliness, abuse, poverty, or discrimination. For them, the medical model isn’t enough. It’s like fixing up an airplane engine and ignoring that the pilot is on his third drink at the bar and a massive storm is overhead... To properly care for patients, we also need to care about the lives of the people getting the care."L) Kelli wastes no time taking potshots at (随意批评) the medical establishment and its body-centered biomedicine methods. Instead, she remains positive, holding up for praise one of her medical school professors, George Engel, "who always noticed not just a patient’s physical condition but little details about her life, such as if she had family pictures up in her hospital room or flowers delivered. He was the kind of trusted doctor you’d feel relieved to see and welcome into the room with a sick family member. He’d sit down to talk with the patient not just about medical problems, but about her life and priorities. He built a large consultation service to address the holistic (整体的) needs of hospitalized patients, including psychological and social factors."M) It’s a guess how many George Engels in their white jackets are at work these days and another speculation on the number of Kelli Hardings the nation is blessed with. May the totals be large and getting larger.

单选题. Soon after starting his job as supervisor of the Memphis, Tenn., public schools, Kriner Cash ordered an assessment of his new district's 104,000 students. What most concerned him was that the number of students considered "highly mobile," meaning they had moved at least once during the school year, had ballooned to 34,000. At least 1,500 students were homeless—probably more. It led him to think over an unusual suggestion: What if the best way to help kids in poverty-stricken urban neighborhoods is to get them out? Cash is now calling for Memphis to create a residential school for 300 to 400 kids whose parents are in financial distress. His proposal is at the forefront (最前线) of a broader national trend. Public boarding schools are hardly a new concept. But publicly financing boarding schools for inner-city kids is a very different suggestion. If Cash's dream becomes a reality, it will probably look a lot like SEED (Schools for Educational Evolution and Development), whose 320 students live on campus five days a week. Perhaps the most provocative (引起争论的) aspect of Cash's proposal is to focus on students in grades 3 through 5. Homelessness is growing sharply among kids at that critical age, when much of their educational foundation is set, Cash says. His aim: to prevent illiteracy and clear other learning roadblocks early, so the problem "won't migrate into middle and high school." Students will remain on campus year-round. "It sounds very exciting, but the devil is in the details," says Ellen Bassuk, president of the National Center on Family Homelessness in Newton, Mass. "What's it like to separate a third-or fifth-grader from their parents?" It may help to consider the experience of SEED student Mansur Muhammad, 17. When he arrived seven years ago, the first few weeks were tough. But Muhammad hasn't looked back. He maintains a 3.2 GPA and reshelves books in the school's library for $160 every couple of days, when he's not in his room listening to rap or classical music and writing poetry. Inspired by a teacher, Muhammad is working on a book. "It was a long road for me to get here," he says, "and I have a long way to go."1. What did Cash intend to do with the kids in poverty-stricken urban neighborhoods to "get them out"? ______

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单选题30. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ______ the audience can buy ice-cream.

单选题. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.1.

单选题. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.7.

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单选题. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.1.

单选题. Food waste has been a chronic problem for restaurants and grocery stores—with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled hundreds of miles, stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines. But the historically high price of products is making it an even bigger drag on the bottom line. Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. Some are tracking their trash with software systems, making food in smaller packages or trying to compost (将……制成堆肥) and cut down on trash-hauling costs. "We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of the kitchen, and the elephant is this 'It's okay to waste' belief system," said Andrew Shackman, president of LeanPath, a company that helps restaurants cut back food waste. The interest level in cutting food waste "has just skyrocketed in the last six to nine months," he said. Roughly 30 percent of food in the United States goes to waste, costing some $48 billion annually, according to a Stockholm International Water Institute study. A University of Arizona study estimated that 40 to 50 percent of food in the United States is wasted. Wholesale food costs have risen more than 8 percent this year, the biggest jump in decades, according the National Restaurant Association. Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campus's biggest dining halls to find there were no trays. "You have to go back and get your dishware and your drink, but it's not that different," said Caitlin Mewborn, a freshman. "It's not a big trouble. You take less food, and you don't eat more than you should." Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the dining halls, said Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Tech's sustainability program. Before the program began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet (自助餐), only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said.1. High price of products makes the problem of food waste ______.

单选题. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.1.