单选题 中国经济正处在转型的关键阶段。中国已经不能继续沿用高消耗、高投入的旧模式，而必须加大力度调整经济结构和转变经济增长方式。我国将继续推进行政管理(administrative management)、金融部门和物价的改革。服务业将愈发成为我国经济中的重要支柱。作为最大的就业容纳器，服务业为经济转型缓解就业压力。中国经济的升级(upgrading)也将为世界经济提供新的动力。

单选题More young Americans have become better educated. This reflects a 26 in the labor market, which has increasingly rewarded post-secondary education. At the same time, the economy has seen a decrease in well-paid manual labor that required skills learned on the job or in trade schools. The shift to a more service-oriented economy means universities and colleges have 27 trade schools and apprenticeships. On the one hand that is good because it makes the American labor force better educated. Theoretically, it should also increase meritocracy (精英教育). Much of the income. 28 in America can be explained by the earning differential between college and non-college graduates. As more people attend university, income differences should be reduced. But as university education becomes more widely 29 , should curricula change? Between labor-market demand and innate ability, probably only a fraction of the population benefit 30 from doing so. On the other hand, America 31 from title inflation. A university degree is now a prerequisite (必要条件) to middle-class membership. Rather than just being 32 of education, it is also an expensive and time-consuming signal. The high rate of entrance examination masks a grave problem. Dropping out of university is at 33 levels, especially among low-income Americans. Starting but not finishing a degree 34 in a considerable loss of time and money. Many poor students drop out not just because of cost, but because they find themselves unprepared and frustrated. Offering more practical degrees could be part of the solution to this problem, though it is not a 35 solution. A. available I. equaled B. consists J. proof C. conversely K. replaced D. decrease L. results E. delicate M. shift F. difference N. suffers G. economically O. sufficient H. epidemic

单选题 The Magic of Diasporas(大移居) Immigrant networks are a rare bright spark in the world economy. Rich countries should welcome them. A．This is not a good time to be foreign. Anti-immigrant parties are gaining ground in Europe. Britain has been fretting(烦 恼，发愁) this week over lapses in its border controls. In America Barack Obama has failed to deliver the immi-gration reform he promised, and Republican presidential candidates would rather electrify the border fence with Mexico than educate the children of illegal aliens. America educates foreign scientists in its universities and then expels them, a policy the mayor of New York calls 'national suicide'. B．This illiberal turn in attitudes to migration is no surprise. It is the result of cyclical economic gloom combined with a rise in pressure on rich countries' borders. But governments now weighing up whether or not to try to slam the door should consider another factor: the growing economic importance of diasporas, and the contribution they can make to a country's economic growth. C．Diaspora networks-of Huguenots, Scots, Jews and many others—have always been a potent economic force, but the cheapness and ease of modern travel has made them larger and more numerous than ever before. There are now 215m first-generation migrants around the world: that's 3% of the world's population. If they were a nation, it would be a little larger than Brazil. There are more Chinese people living outside China than there are French people in France. Some 22m Indians are scattered all over the globe. Small concentrations of ethnic and linguistic groups have always been found in surprising places-Lebanese in west Africa, Japanese in Brazil and Welsh in Patagonia, for instance—but they have been joined by newer ones, such as west Africans in southern China. D．These networks of kinship(亲缘关系) and language make it easier to do business across borders. They speed the flow of information: a Chinese trader in Indonesia who spots a gap in the market for cheap umbrellas will alert his cousin in Shenzhen who knows someone who runs an umbrella factory. Kinship ties foster trust, so they can seal the deal and get the umbrellas to Jakarta before the rainy season ends. Trust matters, especially in emerging markets where the rule of law is weak. So does the knowledge of the local culture. That is why so much foreign direct investment in China still passes through the Chinese diasporas. And modern communications make these networks an even more powerful tool of business. E．Diasporas also help spread ideas. Many of the emerging world's brightest minds are educated at Western universities. An increasing number go home, taking with them both knowledge and contacts. Indian computer scientists in Bangalore bounce ideas constantly off their Indian friends in Silicon Valley. China's technology industry is dominated by 'sea turtles' (Chinese who have lived abroad and returned). F．Diasporas spread money, too. Migrants into rich countries not only send cash to their families; they also help companies in their host country operate in their home country. A Harvard Business School study shows that American companies that employ lots of ethnic Chinese people find it much easier to set up in China without a joint venture with a local firm. G．Such arguments are unlikely to make much headway against hostility towards immigrants in rich countries. Fury against foreigners is usually based on two (mutually incompatible) notions: that because so many migrants claim welfare they are a drain on the public purse; and that because they are prepared to work harder for less pay they will depress the wages of those at the bottom of the pile. The first is usually not true (in Britain, for instance, immigrants claim benefits less than local people do), and the second is hard to establish either way. Some studies do indeed suggest that competition from unskilled immigrants depresses the wages ofunskilled locals. But others find this effect to be small or non-existent. H．Nor is it possible to establish the impact of migration on overall growth. The sums are simply too difficult. Yet there are good reasons for believing that it is likely to be positive. Migrants tend to be hard-working and innovative. That spurs productivity and company formation. A recent study carried out by Duke University showed that, while immigrants make up an eighth of America's population, they founded a quarter of the country's technology and engineering firms. And, by linking the West with emerging markets, diasporas help rich countries to plug into fast-growing economies. I．Rich countries are thus likely to benefit from looser immigration policy; and fears that poor countries will suffer as a result of a 'brain drain' are overblown. The prospect of working abroad spurs more people to acquire valuable skills, and not all subsequently emigrate. Skilled migrants send money home, and they often return to set up new businesses. One study found that unless they lose more than 20% of their university graduates, the brain drain makes poor countries richer. J．Government as well as business gains from the spread of ideas through diasporas. Foreign-educated Indians, including the Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh (Oxford and Cambridge) and his sidekick Montek Ahluwalia (Oxford), played a big role in bringing economic reform to India in the early 1990s. Some 500,000 Chinese people have studied abroad and returned, mostly in the past decade; they dominate the think-tanks that advise the government. K．As for the old world, its desire to close its borders is understandable but dangerous. Migration brings youth to ageing countries, and allows ideas to circulate in millions of mobile minds. That is good both for those who arrive with suitcases and dreams and for those who should welcome them.

单选题 Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory. There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage. When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in 'rote rehearsal'. By repeating something over and over again, we are able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, you might attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before you get the opportunity to make your phone call, you will forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice 'elaborate rehearsal'. This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories. Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often. However, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.

阅读理解Nowadays you can’t buy anything without then being asked to provide a rating of a company’s performance on a five-star scale. I’ve been asked to rate my store 【C1】________ on the EFTPOS terminal before I can pay. Even the most【C2】________activities, such as calling Telstra or picking up a parcel from Australia Post, are followed by texts or emails with surveys asking, How did we do? Online purchases are【C3】________followed up by a customer satisfaction survey. Companies are so【C4】________for a hit of stars that if you delete the survey the company sends you another one. We’re【C5】________to rate our apps when we’ve barely had a chance to use them. One online course provider I use asks you what you think of the course after you’ve only completed【C6】________2 per cent of it. Economist Jason Murphy says that companies use customer satisfaction ratings because a【C7】________display of star feedback has become the nuclear power sources of the modern economy. However, you can’t help but【C8】________if these companies are basing their business on fabrications (捏造的东西). I 【C9】________that with online surveys 1 just click the【C10】________that’s closest to my mouse cursor (光标) to get the damn thing off my screen. Often the star rating I give has far more to do with the kind of day I’m having than the purchase 1 just made.A)announceB) commonplacC) confessD) desperateE) experienceF) fascinatedG) optionH)promptedI) roughlyJ) routinelyK) shiningL)ShoweringM) varietN) voyageO) wonder

阅读理解Questions 1 to 10are based on the following passage

阅读理解Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage

阅读理解Social isolation poses more health risks than obesity or smoking 15 cigarettes a day, according to research published by Brigham Young University. The【C1】________is that loneliness is a huge, if silen

阅读理解A South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its own A) Getting around a city is one thing and then theres the matter of getting from one city to another

作文题For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay titled "Do violent video games lead to violence? " You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

作文题For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay titled "Are people becoming addicted to technology ? ".You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

听力题此题为音频题

听力题Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard