The Gulf Between College Students and Librarians A)Students rarely ask librarians for help, even when they need it. This is one of the sobering(令人警醒的)truths the librarians have learned over the course of a two-year, five-campus ethnographic(人种学的)study examining how students view and use their campus libraries. The idea of a librarian as an academic expert who is available to talk about assignments and hold their hands through the research process is, in fact, foreign to most students. Those who even have the word "librarian" in their vocabularies often think library staff are only good for pointing to different sections of the stacks. B)The ERIAL(Ethnographic Research in Illinois Academic Libraries)project contains a series of studies conducted at Illinois Wesleyan, DePaul University, and Northeastern Illinois University, and the University of Illinois's Chicago and Springfield campuses. Instead of relying on surveys, the libraries included two anthropologists(人类学家), along with their own staff members, to collect data using open-ended interviews and direct observation, among other methods. The goal was to generate data that, rather than being statistically significant yet shallow, would provide deep, subjective accounts of what students, librarians and professors think of the library and each other at those five institutions. C)The most alarming finding in the ERIAL studies was perhaps the most predictable: when it comes to finding and evaluating sources in the Internet age, students are extremely Internet-dependent. Only 7 out of 30 students whom anthropologists observed at Illinois Wesleyan "conducted what a librarian might consider a reasonably well-executed search," wrote Duke and Andrew Asher, an anthropology professor at Bucknell University, who led the project. D)Throughout the interviews, students mentioned Google 115 times—more than twice as many times as any other database. The prevalence of Google in student research is well-documented, but the Illinois researchers found something they did not expect: students were not very good at using Google. They were basically clueless about the logic underlying how the search engine organizes and displays its results. Consequently, the students did not know how to build a search that would return good sources. "I think it really exploded this myth of the 'digital native'," Asher said. "Just because you've grown up searching things in Google doesn't mean you know how to use Google as a good research tool. " E)Even when students turned to more scholarly resources, it did not necessarily solve the problem. Many seemed confused about where in the constellation(云集)of library databases they should turn to locate sources for their particular research topic: Half wound up misusing databases a librarian "would most likely never recommend for their topic." For example, "Students regularly used JSTOR, the second-most frequently mentioned database in student interviews, to try to find current research on a topic, not realizing that JSTOR does not provide access to the most recently published articles." Unsurprisingly, students using this method got either too many search results or too few. Frequently, students would be so discouraged that they would change their research topic to something that requires a simple search. F)"Many students described experiences of anxiety and confusion when looking for resources—an observation that seems to be widespread among students at the five institutions involved in this study," Duke and Asher wrote. There was just one problem, Duke and Asher noted: "Students showed an almost complete lack of interest in seeking assistance from librarians during the search process." Of all the students they observed—many of whom struggled to find good sources, to the point of despair—not one asked a librarian for help. G)In a separate study of students at DePaul, Illinois-Chicago, and Northeastern Illinois, other ERIAL researchers deduced several possible reasons for this. The most basic was that students were just as unaware of the extent of their own information illiteracy as everyone else. Some others overestimated their ability or knowledge. Another possible reason was that students seek help from sources they know and trust, and they do not know librarians. Many do not even know what the librarians are there for. Other students imagined librarians to have more research-oriented knowledge of the library but still thought of them as glorified ushers. H)However, the researchers did not place the blame solely on students. Librarians and professors are also partially to blame for the gulf that has opened between students and the library employees who are supposed to help them, the ERIAL researchers say. Instead of librarians, whose relationship to any given student is typically ill-defined, students seeking help often turn to a more logical source: the person who gave them the assignment—and who, ultimately, will be grading their work. Because librarians hold little sway with students, they can do only so much to reshape students' habits. They need professors' help. Unfortunately, faculty may have low expectations for librarians, and consequently students may not be connected to librarians or see why working with librarians may be helpful. On the other hand, librarians tend to overestimate the research skills of some of their students, which can result in interactions that leave students feeling intimidated and alienated(疏远的). Some professors make similar assumptions, and fail to require that their students visit with a librarian before carrying on research projects. And both professors and librarians are liable to project an idealistic view of the research process onto students who often are not willing or able to fulfill it. I)By financial necessity, many of today's students have limited time to devote to their research. Showing students the pool and then shoving them into the deep end is more likely to foster despair than self-reliance. Now more than ever, academic librarians should seek to "save time for the reader". Before they can do that, of course, they will have to actually get students to ask for help. "That means understanding why students are not asking for help and knowing what kind of help they need," say the librarians. J)"This study has changed, profoundly, how I see my role at the university and my understanding of who our students are," says Lynda Duke, an academic librarian at Illinois Wesleyan. "It's been life-changing, truly."

The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. You are easily annoyed, bothered, and irritated. Patience adds a dimension of ease and acceptance to your life. It's essential for inner peace. Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don't like it If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking get out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is "small stuff". Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practice periods—periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you'll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it's only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those special qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone (里程碑)—five minutes of successful patience—you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person. Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You'll see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn't "life or death" but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with Without patience, the same scenario can become a major emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt feelings, and high blood pressure.

“汉语桥”世界大学生中文比赛(the“Chinese Bridge”Chinese Proficiency Competition for ForeignCollege Students)是由国家汉办(the Office of Chinese Language Council International)主办的大规模国际性比赛。到目前为止，这个一年一度的比赛已经成功举办了12届。今年的决赛共有来自77个不同国家的123名选手(contestant)参加。该赛旨在激发各国学生学习汉语的兴趣及加强世界对汉语和中国文化的了解。同时，这个比赛也建立起中国年轻大学生和其他国家学生之间沟通的桥梁。

What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were【C1】______ The study of how genes and environment interact to influence【C2】______ activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important【C3】______ to the biological revolution , providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior. Any research that suggests that 【C4】______ to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can【C5】______ based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how【C6】______ they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the【C7】______ to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture (养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science【C8】______ that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born【C9】______ like undeveloped photographs. The image is already captured, but the way it 【C10】______ appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.A) abilities I) extentB) achieve J) indicatesC) appeal K) proceedsD) complaints L) psychologicalE) contributions M) raisedF) displayed N) smartG) essentially O) standardH) eventually

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预计每年将约有10万名学员从中受益。

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{{B}}Part III Reading Comprehension{{/B}}

刺绣 (embroidery)是一种具有悠久历史的传统中国 手工艺品 (handicraft art)。刺绣是用绣针和彩线在织物绣制各种图案。传统刺绣既可以单面绣图，也可以双面绣图。人们将中国的绘画艺术应用在刺绣中。刺绣的图案包括花鸟鱼虫、风景和人物等。人物刺绣强调逼真的图案。作为中国古代的一种工艺品，刺绣极大地促进了中国物质文明的发展。

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For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on an English idiom "It's never too old to learn". Do you support it or disapprove of it ? Write down your ideas with 120 -180 words.

天安门广场 (Tiananmen Square)位于北京市中心，是世界上最大的广场。整个广场东西宽500米，南北长880米，总面积达44万平方米。矗立在广场中央的 人民英雄纪念碑 (Monument to the People's Heroes)是新中国诞生后在广场修建的第一座建筑。天安门广场与其周围的建筑，被称为中国的心脏，是举行重大庆典的神圣之地。天安门广场还是著名的旅游景点，每天都有大量的中外游客到此参观旅游。

科举制 (imperial examination system)是中国古代 朝廷 (imperial government)选拔官员的制度。它始于 隋朝 (the Sui Dynasty)，历时1300多年直到 清朝 (the Qing Dynasty)。科举考试在中国古代教育史上长期占有主导地位。在古代社会，因为阶级意识很强，下层民众很少有机会在朝廷谋职。“科举”评价体系让来自贫困家庭的孩子有机会参加政府考试，并为家庭带来荣誉。科举制被证明是比它之前的任何考试制度都更公平、影响更深远。

聘金 (endowment)是中国传统习俗的一部分。通常， 新郎 (bridegroom)需要给新娘家一笔钱作为聘礼来定下婚礼。但是近几年来其标准不断上升，致使大多数家庭都很难达到。快速上涨的生活成本是聘金增加的主要原因。对于大多数年轻人来说，结婚意味着独立组建家庭。然而物价的不断上涨使这一切变得越来越困难。因此，许多新婚夫妇都只能向父母求助。

Directions： For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Driving Restrictions in Big Cities．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words．Outlines are given below in Chinese：1．大城市的交通拥挤问题越来越凸显；2．有人提出通过车辆限行缓解交通压力，原因是……3．我的看法。

七夕节(Qixi Festival)在农历七月初七庆祝，起源于汉代(the Han Dynasty)，是一个传统节日。在中国古代传说中，牛郎和织女(cowherd and weaver girl)会在每年的这一天相会。七夕节是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日，现在一般被称为“中国情人节”。对于姑娘们，七夕节是个重要的日子，她们会在这一天晚上向聪明的织女祈求智慧、女红(needle work)技巧和美满的姻缘。

Directions: Recently, people have a heated debate about whether the government should provide artists with financial support. Please write a short essay entitled Should the Government Provide Artists with Financial Support. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

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God Helps Those Who Help Themselves For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled God Helps Those Who Help Themselves. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.