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进行中国传统绘画和书法的文人都很注重这些用具的选择。

BPart III Reading Comprehension/B

BPart I Writing/B

长江，又名 扬子江 (the Yangtze River)，全长6300多千米，是中国第一大河，世界第三大河。长江发源于 青藏高原 (the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau)，流经多个省市。因富产粮食，长江中下游被称为“ 中华文明的摇篮 ”(the cradle of Chinese civilization)。长江两岸风景优美，有众多的名胜古迹。千百年来，长江在农业、工业、运输及战争中发挥着重要的作用。然而近年来，长江遭受了工业污染和湖泊流失，并由此引发了季节性洪水。

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Network Literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 1．随着互联网的发展，网络文学开始盛行 2．分析网络文学的优缺点 3．谈谈你对网络文学的看法

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BPart I Writing/B

The age at which kids first fall victim to bullying (欺侮) could influence how strongly they are affected, suggests a new study. And, surprisingly, it is not the youngest kids who are hurt the most in the long term. Bullying can have long-lasting effects, but particularly when it begins in adolescence (青春期), the researchers say. People subjected to either oral or physical bullying are known to be at greater risk for developing depression, anxiety disorders or to behave violently. But not everyone reacts in this way. Children bullied for the first time before they hit adolescence seem to get over it, but those who are victimised for the first time late on in adolescence seem to become more aggressive or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of coping. These are the conclusions of psychologist Matthew Newman and colleagues from the University of Texas at Austin, US. The team gave questionnaires to nearly 1500 college students regarding their experience of physical and psychological bullying before adolescence—before high school—and in late adolescence—at high school. They assessed mood and mental state, judging by signs of anxiety or depression, such as sleeplessness. The group was also questioned about how they would react to certain challenges, such as being embarrassed or provoked. People who were bullied all revealed slightly higher levels of stress. But while those bullied earlier in life seemed to respond normally to provocation, people bullied for the first time late in adolescence are more withdrawn and sensitive to violence. The best solution was strong social support, whether from friends, family or school. Those with no one to share their problems with suffered the most. So perhaps it is best not to shelter children completely from bullying early on, suggests Newman. "They may get stressed, but unhealthy coping really jumps out when they are bullied for the first time later on." The effects are likely to be related to the developing stress hormone system, which matures during adolescence, he concludes. Studies show abnormal stress responses in adult animals that experience social stress or aggression from other animals during adolescence.

随着中国旅游业的发展，泥塑已经成为广受欢迎的旅游纪念品，得到世界各地游客的青睐。

在城市里，越来越多受过良好教育的职业女性加入到剩女的行列。

The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花) , for example, which give many a modem beer its bitter flavor, are a【C1】______ recent addition to the beverage. This was first mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a【C2】______ ingredient in residue (残留物) from 5000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While digging two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and vessels. The different shapes of the containers【C3】______ they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They may be ancient "beer-making tools", and the earliest【C4】______ evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To【C5】______ that theory, the team examined the yellowish, dried【C6】______ inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80% , were from cereal crops like barley (大麦), and about 10% were bits of roots,【C7】______ lily, which would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn't become a【C8】______ food in central China until about 2,000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have【C9】______ in the region not as food, but as【C10】______ material for beer brewing.A) arrived I) relativelyB) consuming J) remainsC) direct K) resourcesD) exclusively L) stapleE) including M) suggestF) inform N) surprisingG) raw O) test H) reached

长久以来，中国被称为“自行车王国”(kingdom of the bicycle).中国拥有的自行车数量高居世界榜首。然而，随着社会的发展，骑自行车的人有所减少。如今，中国自行车年增长率不超过10％，但高端自行车(high-end bike)年增长率却高达40％。价值1万多元的奢侈自行车在中国越来越受到人们的欢迎。这是中国人开始关注环境、推崇健康生活方式的结果。

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View Losing Weight following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words． 1．现代人减肥盛行 2．人们对减肥的看法不一 3．我的观点是……

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如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下。首先，大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。

在当今中国，电视相亲节目(television dating show)非常红火。其中，知名的当属《非诚勿扰》(If YouAre the One)。该节目由孟非主持，深受海内外观众喜爱。这不只是一个普通的相亲节目，它还反映了年轻一代的生活观和社会观。这也是它获得巨大成功的原因之一。美国哈佛大学(Harvard University)已经对该节目有所关注，并宣布了将《非诚勿扰》引进该校课程的计划。

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中国的重阳节(Double Ninth Festival)由来已久。人们普遍认为重阳节源于“辟邪”(warding off evil).这一天的活动，包括登山、赏菊(chrysanthemum)、喝菊花酒等。随着时间的推移，它变成了一个庆祝的节日。这天，家人团聚在一起，也会纪念家族的祖先。1989年，我国把这一天定为老人节(Seniors’Day)，表达我们对老人的尊敬与爱戴，使这个节日在新的历史时期继续发挥文化传承的作用。

郑成功是 明朝末年 (the late Ming Dynasty)的民族英雄。他的父亲郑芝龙曾为 海盗 (pirate)，母亲为日本人，他本人则于1624年出生于日本。在清朝的军队攻入福建后，郑成功的父亲向清政府投降了。而郑成功却带领军队在中国东南沿海地区抗击清军，成为抗击清军的主要军事力量之一。然而，在郑成功的一生中，最著名的事迹是他赶走了 荷兰殖民者 (Holland colonist)，收复了台湾。