Girls think they are cleverer, more successful and harder working than boys from as young as four, a study has found. Boys come round to this view by the age of seven or eight and assume that girls will outperform them at school and behave better in lessons, research from the University of Kent shows. The study—Gender Expectations and Stereotype Threat—argues that teachers have lower expectations of boys than of girls and this belief fulfils itself throughout primary and secondary school. Girls' performance at school may be boosted by what they perceive to be their teachers' belief that they will achieve higher results and be more conscientious (勤奋的) than boys, the academics claim. Boys may underachieve because they pick up on teachers' assumptions that they will obtain lower results than girls and have less drive. "By seven or eight years old, children of both genders believe that boys are less focused, able and successful than girls—and think that adults endorse (认可) this stereotype," the academic Bonny Hartley said. "There are signs that these expectations have the potential to become self-fulfilling in influencing children's actual conduct and achievement." Hartley said that while it was unacceptable to divide classes by the race of their pupils, this was not the case for gender. "In this way, it is widely acceptable to pitch the boys against the girls or 'harmlessly' divide the class in this way for practical ease." Jenny Parkes, senior lecturer at the Institute of Education, University of London, said there had been marked changes in girls' achievement in the UK in the latter half of the 20th century, in part thanks to feminism's influence on the way girls view themselves. "This seems to be particularly the case for middle-class girls. Some studies have looked at how academic work is seen as 'feminine' and so for some boys achieving highly at school risks being labelled as feminine," Parkes said. "At the same time, this differs across different countries, ethnic and social class groups and from subject to subject. Adults do have an important role in helping children—whether they are girls or boys, high or low achievers—to have confidence in themselves as learners."
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Better Aim High than Low by commenting on the remark, "If you don't aim high, you'll never hit high." You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
几年前，北京的打工族们(migrant workers)经常抱怨买不起房子。令他们意想不到的是，现在租房子也变成了难事。相关部门发布的最新数据显示，今年9月，北京住房租金(housing rent)同比上涨4．5％，已经连续55个月(55 consecutive months)上涨。由于房租飞涨，越来越多的年轻人不得不放弃在北京的就业机会，选择回到家乡工作。对一个城市的长久发展来说，这无疑是一个损失。
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Topic Better Aim High than Low For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Better Aim High than Low by commenting on the remark, "If you don't aim high, you'll never hit high." You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
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为了让人们更好地记住年份，我们的祖先用12只动物来代表年份，即“十二生肖”(Chinese Zodiac)。每一年由一种动物代表，每隔12年进行一个循环，从鼠开始，以猪为结尾。每一种动物还有其独特的文化内涵(cultural connotation)。例如，牛年出生的人据说“勤奋、冷静、可靠”，虎年出生的人则“强大、勇敢、但又急躁”。十二生肖在亚洲的其他国家，如韩国和日本也很流行。
对于大多数年轻人来说，结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价的不断上涨使这一切变得越来越困难。
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Topic Digital Reading or Traditional Reading? For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay-entitled Digital Reading or Traditional Reading? following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 1．电子书发展快，优点多，市场份额在上升 2．有人因此认为电子阅读将取代传统阅读，有人则不这么认为 3．我的看法
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Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefaccountofpeople'spracticeofforwardingbestwishesmessagesandthenexpressyourviewsonthispractice.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
舞狮(lion dance)是中国的一种传统舞蹈形式，在重大节日和隆重活动中经常可以看到。
Topic On Sub-health Condition For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Sub-health Condition following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 1．现代社会许多人处于亚健康状况 2．分析亚健康现象出现的原因 3．摆脱亚健康，应该怎么做
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