他带领的军队占领了许多地方，并给这些地域造成了巨大破坏。

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Topic How to Be Creative For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Be Creative by commenting on the remark, "To live a creative life, we must lose our fear of being wrong." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

一项调查结果显示，许多大学生每日阅读时间不足1小时，而上网时间却超过了4小时。

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Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOnChina'sNetizenPopulationbasedonthestatisticsprovidedinthechart.Pleasegiveabriefdescriptionofthechartfirstandthenmakecommentsonit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

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Food waste has been a chronic problem for restaurants and grocery stores—with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled hundreds of miles, stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines. But the historically high price of products is making it an even bigger drag on the bottom line. Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. Some are tracking their trash with software systems, making food in smaller packages or trying to compost (将…割成堆肥) and cut down on trash-hauling costs. "We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of the kitchen, and the elephant is this ' It's okay to waste' belief system," said Andrew Shackman, president of LeanPath, a company that helps restaurants cut back food waste. The interest level in cutting food waste "has just skyrocketed in the last six to nine months," he said. Roughly 30 percent of food in the United States goes to waste, costing some $48 billion annually, according to a Stockholm International Water Institute study. A University of Arizona study estimated that 40 to 50 percent of food in the United States is wasted. Wholesale food costs have risen more than 8 percent this year, the biggest jump in decades, according the National Restaurant Association. Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campus's biggest dining halls to find there were no trays. "You have to go back and get your dishware and your drink, but it's not that different," said Caitlin Mewborn, a freshman. "It's not a big trouble. You take less food, and you don't eat more than you should." Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the dining halls, said Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Tech's sustainability program. Before the program began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet (自助餐)only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said.

The Art of Friendship A) One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really wrong—my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful—I was just feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let me rant until the clouds lifted. I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail. That' s when it started to dawn on me—lonesomeness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I'd been too busy to notice. Now it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, knew everything about me; when they left, they had taken my context with them. B) Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on one' s health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girlfriend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my friends: He couldn't, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends—women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the world a little bit just as I did. Since I'd be making friends with more intention than I'd ever given the process, I realized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life. The downside, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened. C) After all, it' s a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife than it is when you' re younger—a fact woman I've spoken with point out again and again. As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when you 're in your teens and 20s, you 're more Or less friends with everyone unless there's a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity. Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. "There are many people I'm comfortable around, but I wouldn't go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isn't enough to sustain a real friendship," Danzig says. D) At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40 I couldn't run up to people the way my 4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, "Will you be my friend? Every time you start a new relationship, you're vulnerable again," agrees Kathleen Hall, D. Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta. "You 're asking, ' Would you like to come into my life?' It makes us self-conscious." E) Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didn' t take me up on my offer, so what? I wasn' t in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer. F) We're all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests—say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for—become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says a new friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise. "In high school I chose friends based on their popularity and how being part of their circle might reflect on me. Now' s it' s our shared values and activities that count." Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the church's youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends. G) Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not factor in—or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her son' s pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. "I said to my husband, ' she' s too cool for me,'" she jokes, "I get intimidated by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly." In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn' t become good pals. "I realized that we weren' t each other' s type, but it wasn't about hierarchy." What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you' ve become (or are still becoming) back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you' ve made in your life. H) Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when she was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to issues in light of who she once was. An old chum has the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf. I) A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the direction you want to go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from work was exactly what she needed in a friend. In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape. J) While you're busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones. Weasked Maria Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You' re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships. Keep in touch. Your friends should be a priority; schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her business. Keep track of important events in a friend's life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know you're thinking of her. Speak your mind. Tell a friend politely if something she did really upset you. If you can' t be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks—she' s chronically late, or she' s a bit negative—to cut down on frustration and fights. Boost her ego. Heart felt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthencommentonthephenomenon.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affects the lives of our young by acting as a【C1】______for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it【C2】______a variety of functions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the【C3】______of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest.【C4】______by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly identify themselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about the prevalence of violence in the media and its【C5】______harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, new media【C6】______, such as video games and the Internet. Another large societal concern on our young generation imposed by the media is body image. 【C7】______forces can in fluence body image positively or negatively. In the mass media, the images of standardized beauty fill magazines and newspapers,【C8】______from our televisions and entertain us at the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media【C9】______on accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented with a【C10】______defined standard of attractiveness, an ideal that carries unrealistic physical expectations.A)preference B)expense C)fulfills D)AttractedE)External F)emerged G)Explicit H)beamI)play J)take K)potential L)barelyM)narrowly N)imposed O)substitute

Argentina (land of silver) was given its name by 16th-century explorers who believed the country was rich in silver mines. The hopes of the explorers soon vanished when they discovered that the beautiful silver ornaments (装饰品) worn by the Indians came from distant Peru. Though rich in many resources, the so-called land of silver proved relatively poor in minerals of any kind, but its descriptive name has endured. When people think of Argentina, the image that comes at once to mind is that of the Gaucho on his horse, riding across the treeless Pampa. The ability of the Gaucho to survive in a hostile land and his skill in mastering the horse and using the animal for his own purposes were extraordinary. Notable, too, were the Gaucho's special features of character—indifference to material possessions combined with a natural warmth and friendliness. The skull of a cow often served him as a chair, but his strong instinct for hospitality led him to offer a stranger his hut with all the expansiveness of a great gentleman opening his manor (庄园) house. Mounted on his horse, the Gaucho felt himself lord of the world, free to go in any direction he pleased without being subjected to the will of any other person. The Gaucho became characteristic of the Argentine people. If at first his name conveyed the idea of a tramp (流浪汉) or wild rustic (乡巴佬), it soon came to indicate his positive qualities—his cleverness, fine horsemanship, bravery, loyalty, and generosity. The phrase "to be a gaucho" or "to be very gaucho" soon became phrases of good sense. Today the expression "to make a gauchada" means that one does a favor through friendship, with no thought of personal gain. The influence of the Gaucho and the impact of his way of life on the habits of future generations of Argentines cannot be overlooked. Many Argentine customs and traditions stem from the way of life of the people of the Pampa.

在西街听到中国老太太讲一口流利的英语不足为奇。

每逢寒暑假、节假日，总会出现“一票难求”的现象。

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The Power of Knowledge For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Fear springs from ignorance." You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of knowledge. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

传统中医 (traditional Chinese medicine)可以不借助任何仪器给病人治病，堪称奇迹。“望”、“闻”、“问”、“ 切 ”(pulse taking)为传统中医诊断的四个方法。“望”指通过直接观察病人体表来了解情况。“闻”就是听声音、闻 气味 (odour)，病人的发声和气味有助于医生收集诊断信息。“问”为咨询症状及先前的治疗情况。“切”即医生给病人“把脉”从而得知病人体内的变化。

那些保持适应性情绪控制状态的人，把逆境看作是暂时性的，相信困难应该会过去的。在一项危机中，他们很好地调整自己，坚信控制来源于激励的行动而非控制反应。他们不会受到紧张或痛苦情绪的惊吓，他们采取有效的应对策略，例如取得亲朋的支持和自我的述说。研究表明那些拥有高情商的人处理创伤性(traumatic)事件时很少会有负面心理问题。

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