元代 (the Yuan Dynasty)是中国 瓷器 (porcelain)发展史上一个重要的时期。基于先前朝代的烧制技术，景德镇成功地制作出 青花瓷 (the blue and white porcelain)。元青花瓷富丽雄浑，其风格与传统的瓷器大相径庭。元青花瓷的出现也使景德镇成为当时世界制瓷业的中心。元青花瓷制作精美而且传世极少，因此异常珍贵。青花瓷的制作在 明清两朝 (the Ming and Qing Dynasties)得到进一步发展，其中的精品是许多收藏家的终极目标。

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Topic My View on University Dorm Life For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on University Dorm Life following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 1．寝室生活是大学生活的重要组成部分 2．但寝室生活中也容易出现很多问题 3．你对大学寝室生活有何建议

《史记》(Records of the Grand Historian)是一部伟大的史学著作，为西汉时期(the Western Han Dy-nasty)司马迁所著。《史记》记载了我国从黄帝(Yellow Emperor)到西汉时期长达3000年左右的历史。《史记》全书共52万字，取材广泛，内容丰富。特别值得一提的是，司马迁不仅参考皇家的历史记录，还走遍中国求证信息的真伪。《史记》也是一部优秀的文学著作，对中国后世文学有着深远的影响。

中国饮茶的传统可以追溯到公元前3000多年，但“下午茶”的概念却是到 17世纪中叶 (the mid 17thcentury)才在英国出现的。当时那里时兴的晚餐时间是晚上8点，所以一位 公爵夫人 (Duchess)养成了在下午4点约朋友吃糕点的习惯。很快下午茶成为当时的社会潮流。随着东西方文化交流的加深，这个英国传统逐渐进入中国。如今，下午茶在国内日渐流行起来，尤其是在广东和福建地区。

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Oceanography has been defined as "The application of all sciences to the study of the sea". Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question "What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测探) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.

新中国成立后，中国政府十分重视发展教育事业。

Should Private Cars Be Encouraged in China? 1．小汽车进入中国家庭后给人们带来了舒适和方便 2．小汽车也给人们带来了许多问题 3．我的看法

随着网购的进一步盛行，小型城市的消费者有了新的购物目标，从网店购买 平价奢侈品 (affordable luxury)。这些消费者年龄在25岁到40岁之间。借助网络，他们购买了很多昂贵的服装、手包和 配饰 (accessories)。不同于 “冲动型”消费者 (impulse shopper)，他们日趋变得理性、成熟。他们不去选择大牌子的产品，看重的是产品质量和风格。当然，价格便宜是促使他们网购奢侈品的首要原因。

上海 自由贸易区 (Free Trade Zone，FTZ)于2013年9月开园。建立自贸区是中国改革开放新时代的一个重要决定。自贸区位于上海市的郊区，面积为28．78平方公里。它的建立旨在探索新途径，以减少政府干预和向全球 投资者 (investor)更广泛地开放中国经济。第一批有36家公司获得了贸易区内的经营许可证。相关专家相信上海自由贸易区必定为中国经济的发展带来更多的机会。

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如今大学生的生活方式正在发生着变化。

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它位于浙江省省会杭州，水域面积约6平方公里。

In August, environmentalists in the Philippines vandalized(肆意破坏)a field of Golden Rice, an experimental grain whose genes had been modified. Its seeds will be handed out free to farmers. The aim is to improve the health of children in poor countries by reducing vitamin A deficiency, which contributes to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths and cases of blindness each year. Environmentalists claim that these sorts of actions are justified because genetically modified crops pose health risks. Now the main ground for those claims has crumbled. Last year a paper which was published in a respected journal found that unusual rates of tumours and deaths in rats that had been fed upon a variety of genetic modification(GM)(转基因)corn. Other studies found no such effects. But this one enabled campaigners to make a health-and-safety argument against GM crops—one persuasive enough to influence governments. After the study appeared, Russia suspended imports of the grain in question. Kenya banned all GM crops. And the French prime minister said that if the results were confirmed he would press for a Europe-wide ban on the GM corn. There is now no serious scientific evidence that GM crops do any harm to the health of human beings. There is plenty of evidence, though, that they benefit the health of the planet. One of the biggest challenges facing mankind is to feed the 9 billion-10 billion people who will be alive and richer in 2050. This will require doubling food production on roughly the same area of land, using less water and fewer chemicals. It will also mean making food crops more resistant to the droughts and floods that seem likely if climate change is as bad as scientists fear. If the Green revolution had never happened, and yields had stayed at 1960 levels, the world could not produce its current food output even if it ploughed up every last acre of cultivable land. In contrast, GM crops boost yields, protecting wild habitat from the plough. They are more resistant to the vagaries of climate change, and to diseases and pests, reducing the need for agrochemicals. Genetic research holds out the possibility of breakthroughs that could vastly increase the productivity of farming. Vandalizing GM field trials is a bit like the campaign of some religious leaders to prevent smallpox inoculations: it causes misery, even death, in the name of unscientific belief.

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