填空题Einstein entertained himself with the violin in his spare time because violin was one of his best loved musical instruments.

填空题Insurance can provide ninny kinds of protection which can be divided into three types.

填空题______(向右转弯), you will find a path leading to his cottage.

填空题He________________________(为了谎话而内疚), so he went to apologize to her.

填空题A careless mistake on the job can spoil your professional reputation, damage your relationships around the office, even put your job in danger. But if you 1 your mistake the right way, you can emerge unharmed. There are several guiding principles behind 2 apologies, says Lauren Bloom. First, take responsibility. That means starting by saying you"re sorry. "If you 3 with an explanation, that will sound more like an excuse," says Bloom. Admitting to your mistake emphasizes your 4 , she adds. Thin 5 a solution. How you do that depends on the situation. If you didn"t make the deadline for an important 6 , you might tell the boss that you"ll ask for his or her help to prioritize your workload in the future. Should your actions have sparked 7 emotions in the other person—for example, you made a comment that 8 your manager in a meeting or she overhears you complaining about her—apologize, then pause. The response will be 9 if the person is really angry or upset, but it"s important for you to hear the other person. Then ask what you can do to make amends. The most important thing to take away from your misstep: Learn from it rather than 10 it. "If you find yourself apologizing for the same thing again and again, just saying you"re sorry won"t cut it," says Bloom. A. assignment I. intense B. compresses J. lead C. effective K. majority D. embarrasses L. painful E. forbid M. propose F. grading N. repeating G. handle O. static H. integrity

填空题______(那些希望成为澳大利亚公民的移民)will soon have to take a test examining their knowledge of the country's history and institutions.

填空题She spoke to her mother ______ a soft voice

填空题ComputerPasswordComputerpasswordsneedtobememorableandsecure.Mostpeople"sarethefirstbutnotthesecond.Researchersaretryingtomakeiteasierforthemtobeboth.A.Passwordsarewidelyusedincomputersecurity.Alltoooften,theyarealsoineffective.Agoodpasswordhastobebotheasytorememberandhardtoguess,butinpracticepeopleseemtochoosetheformeroverthelatter.Namesofwives,husbandsandchildrenarepopular.Sometakesimplicitytoextremes:oneofmyfriendsused"z"formanyyears.Andwhenhackersstole32mpasswordsfromasocial-gamingwebsitecalledRockYou,itemergedthat1.1%ofthesite"susers—365,000people—hadchoseneitherfor"123456"orfor"12345".B.Thatpredictabilityletssecurityresearcherscreatedictionarieswhichlistcommonpasswords,goodnewstothoseseekingtobreakin.Butalthoughresearchersknowthatpasswordsareinsecure,workingoutjusthowinsecurehasbeendifficult.Manystudieshaveonlysmallsamplestoworkon—afewthousandpasswordsatmost.HackedwebsitessuchasRockYouhaveprovidedlongerlists,butthereareethical(伦理的)problemswithusinghackedinformation,anditsavailabilityisunpredictable.C.However,apapertobepresentedatasecurityconferenceheldwiththesupportoftheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,aNewYork-basedprofessionalbody,inMay2012,shedssomelight.WiththecooperationofYahoo!,alargeInternetcompany,JosephBonneauofCambridgeUniversityobtainedthebiggestsampletodate—70mpasswordsthat,thoughanonymised(隐去姓名),camewithusefuldemographicdataabouttheirowners.Mr.Bonneaufoundsomeinterestingvariations.Olderusershadbetterpasswordsthanyoungones.PeoplewhosepreferredlanguagewasKoreanorGermanchosethemostsecurepasswords;thosewhospokeIndonesiantheleast.Passwordsdesignedtohidesensitiveinformationsuchascredit-cardnumberswereonlyslightlymoresecurethanthoseprotectinglessimportantthings,likeaccesstogames."Nagscreens"thattolduserstheyhadchosenaweakpasswordmadevirtuallynodifference.Anduserswhoseaccountshadbeenhackedinthepastdidnotmakedramaticallymoresecurechoicesthanthosewhohadneverbeenhacked.D.Butitisthebroaderanalysisofthesamplethatisofmostinteresttosecurityresearchers.For,despitetheirdifferences,the70muserswerestillpredictableenoughthatagenericpassworddictionarywaseffectiveagainstboththeentiresampleandanydemographicallyorganisedsliceofit.Mr.Bonneauisblunt:"Anattackerwhocanmanagetenguessesperaccount...willcompromisearound1%ofaccounts."Andthat,fromthehacker"spointofview,isaworthwhileoutcome.E.Oneobviousanswerwouldbeforsitestolimitthenumberofguessesthatcanbemadebeforeaccessisblocked,ascashmachinesdo.Yetwhereasthebiggestsites,suchasGoogleandMicrosoft,dotakesuchmeasures,manydonot.Asampleof150bigwebsitesexaminedin2010byMr.BonneauandhiscolleaguePreibuschfoundthat126madenoattempttolimitguessing.Howthisstateofaffairsaroseisobscure.Forsomesites,laxity(松懈)mayberational,sincetheirpasswordsarenotprotectinganythingparticularlyvaluable,suchascredit-carddetails.Butpasswordlaxityimposescostsevenonsiteswithgoodsecurity,sincepeopleoftenusethesamepasswordforseveraldifferentplaces.F.Onesuggestionisthatlaxpasswordsecurityisaculturalremnant(残余)oftheInternet"sinnocentyouth—anacademicresearchnetworkhasfewreasonstoworryabouthackers.Anotherpossibilityisthatbecausemanysitesbeginascash-strappedstart-ups,forwhichimplementingextrapasswordsecuritywouldtakeupvaluableprogrammingtime,theyskimponitatthebeginningandthenneverbothertochange.Butwhateverthereason,thosewhoareunwillingtowaitforwebsitesshouldgettheiractstogethertoconsiderthealternativestotraditionalpasswords.G.Onesuchismulti-wordpasswordscalledpassphrases.Usingseveralwordsinsteadofonemeansanattackerhastoguessmoreletters,whichcreatesmoresecurity—butonlyifthephrasechosenisnotonelikelytoturnup,throughfamiliarusage,inadictionaryofphrases.Which,ofcourse,itoftenis.Mr.BonneauandhiscolleagueEkaterinaShutovahaveanalysedareal-worldpassphrasesystememployedbyAmazon,anonlineretailerthatalloweditsAmericanuserstoemploypassphrasesbetweenOctober2009andFebruary2012.Theyfoundthat,althoughpassphrasesdoofferbettersecuritythanpasswords,theyarenotasgoodashadbeenhoped.Aphraseoffourorfiverandomly(随机地)chosenwordsisfairlysecure.Butrememberingseveralsuchphrasesisnoeasierthanrememberingseveralrandomlychosenpasswords.Onceagain,theneedformemorabilityisgoodnewstoattackers.ByscrapingtheInternetforlistsofthingslikefilmtitles,sportingphrasesandslang,Mr.BonneauandDr.Shutovawereabletoconstructa20,656-worddictionarythatbrokeinto1.13%oftheaccountsinAmazon"sdatabase.H.Theresearchersalsosuspectedthateventhosewhodonotusefamousphraseswouldstillpreferpatternsfoundinnaturallanguageovertruerandomness.Sotheycomparedtheircollectionofpassphraseswithtwo-wordphrasesextractedatrandomfromtheBritishNationalCorpus,andfromtheGoogleNGramCorpus.Sureenough,theyfoundconsiderableoverlap(重叠)betweenstructurescommoninordinaryEnglishandthephraseschosenbyAmazon"susers.Some13%oftheadjective-nounconstructionswhichtheresearcherstriedwereonthemoney,aswere5%ofadverb-verbmixes.I.Onewayroundthatistocombinetheideasofapasswordandapassphraseintoaso-calledmnemonic(帮助记忆的)password.Thisisastringofapparentnonsensewhichisnotactuallytoohardtoremember.Itcanbeformed,forexample,byusingthefirstletterofeachwordinaphrase,varyingupperandlowercase,andsubstitutingsomesymbolsforothers—"8"for"B",forinstance.Evenmnemonicpasswords,however,arenotalwayssafe.Astudypublishedin2006cracked4%ofthemnemonicsinasampleusingadictionarybasedonsonglyrics,filmtitlesandthelike.J.Thefinalresultisthatthereisprobablynorightanswer.Allsecurityisannoying,andthereisaconstanttensionbetweenpeople"sdesiretobesafeandtheirdesireforthingstobesimple.Whilethattensionpersists,thehackerwillalwaysgetthrough.

填空题Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Small Schools Rising This year's list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, those with fewer students are flourishing. A. Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform, big, modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers (二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人) came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency, a greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies (官僚机构), the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students. SAT scores began dropping in 1963; today, on average, 30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary (and some middle) schools, high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress. B. Size isn't everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due, in part, to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools—most of them with about 400 kids each with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade. About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No. 1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schoolers and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and the Science and Engineering Magnet, with 383, which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery (抽签), such as H-B Woodlawn in Arlington, V.A. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band. C. Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, C.A., is one of those, ranking No. 423—among the top 2% in the country—on Newsweek's annual ranking of America's top high schools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007. D. Although many of Hillsdale's students came from wealthy households, by the late 1990s average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname (绰号) "Hillsjail." Jeff Gilbert, a Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astonishment, "How did that student graduate?" E. So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three "houses," romantically named Florence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly (随机地) assigned to one of the houses, where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of "advisory" classes. Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they are deeply invested in the students' success. "We're constantly talking about one another's advisees," says English teacher Chris Crockett, "If you hear that yours isn't doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean's office, it's like a personal failure." Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program; the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95. "It was rough for some, but by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics," says Gilbert, "Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them." But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution. F. The Newsweek list of top US high schools was made this year, as in years past, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years this system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it's easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for their own schools if they'd like. G. Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38 superintendents (地区教育主管) from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation. "It is impossible to know which high schools are 'the best' in the nation," their letter read, in part, "Determining whether different schools do or don't offer a high quality of education requires a look at many different measures, including students' overall academic accomplishments and their subsequent performance in cortege, and taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities." H. In the end, the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought, which is, after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here; we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps, a list won't be necessary.

填空题As new technology becomes available to_________________________(允许更加高效地利用核能), less nuclear waste will be produced.

填空题 {{B}} Secrets of Strong Families{{/B}} A group of American marriage and family counselors once placed a brief notice in four dozen newspapers in 25 states. "If you live in a strong family, please contact us. We know a lot about what makes families fail; we need to know more about what make them succeed." Letters poured in; then a questionnaire was mailed to each family who responded and more than 3,000 families participated. One of the most surprising things to emerge is that six key qualities for making a strong family function were mentioned time and again by many families. Those qualities are. {{B}}Commitment{{/B}} Crucial to any family's success is an investment of time, energy, spirit and heart, an investment otherwise known as commitment. The family comes first. Family members are dedicated to promoting each other's welfare and happiness-and they expect the family to endure. For strong families, commitment and sexual fidelity (忠诚) are so closely linked that an extramarital affair (婚外恋) is regarded as the ultimate threat to a marriage. "An affair does terrible things to your partner's self-esteem," one woman wrote, "It says, you are replaceable." Some families have seen commitment eroded by a more subtle enemy-work, and its demand on time attention and energy. {{B}}Time Together{{/B}} When 1,500 children were asked "What do you think makes a happy family?" they didn't list money, cars, or fine homes. They replied: doing things together. Members of strong families agree. They spend lots of time together — working, playing, attending religious services, and eating meals together. What you do isn't as important, they say, as doing it. What about quality versus quantity of time? Strong families realize the time they spend together needs to be good time. It also needs to be sufficient; quality interaction isn't likely to develop in a few minutes together. A working mother wrote, "To excuse myself for spending so little time with my daughter by saying, 'It was only 15 minutes, but it was high quality,' is a cop-out." {{B}}Appreciation{{/B}} Feeling appreciated by others is one of the most basic of human needs. Questionnaires and interviews showed that the quantity of appreciation family members expressed to one another was even greater than anticipated. One mother wrote: "Each night we go into the children's bedrooms and give each a big hug and kiss. Then we say, 'you are really good kids and we love you very much. ' We think it is important to leave that message with them at the end of that day." A wife said "When my husband comes home he says, ' I see you've been busy with boys today and you got your hair cut and did the marketing.' He doesn't mention the weedy garden. And when he comes in, disappointed over a sale he missed, I remind him of the three he made last week. We've conditioned ourselves to look at what we have rather than what we lack." {{B}}Communication{{/B}} Psychologists know that good communication helps to create a sense of belonging, and case frustration as well as full-blown crises. Strong families emphasize that good communication does not necessarily happen; it takes time and practice. Good communication means clearing up misunderstandings. Strong families work at explaining one another's messages. A new Mexico husband wrote: "My wife would say, 'Are there any good movies downtown? ' and she'd mean, ' I'd like to go to a movie'. I'd answer the question literally, by telling what was playing. Rarely did I suggest going to a show. Then I'd be surprised when she was unhappy. Eventually we figured this pattern out. She is better now about saying ' I'd like to… ' instead of hinting, and I'm better about checking to be sure I understand what she really means." {{B}}Spiritual Wellness{{/B}} Spiritual wellness was defined by strong families as a caring center within each of us that promotes sharing, love and compassion for others. For many, the desire of their spiritual nature is expressed by church or synagogue(宗教)membership. For others, spirituality proves itself as a concern for those around them, or adherence to a moral code. Strong families express their spiritual nature in daily life. They literally practice what they preach(宣扬). "Our family," one participant wrote, "has certain values-honesty, responsibility and tolerance, to name a few. But we have to practice those in everyday life. I can't talk about honesty and cheat on my income tax return. I can't yell responsibility and turn my back on a neighbor who needs help. I'd know I was a hypocrite(伪君子), and so would the kids and everyone else." {{B}}Coping with Crisis{{/B}} Strong families are not without problems. But they have the ability to surpass life's inevitable challenges when they arise. Many of the tools these families identified as necessary for coping with crisis have touched on communication, spiritual resources. Another significant tool is adaptability. All strong families know, a healthy family is a place we enter for comfort, development and regeneration; a place from which we go forth renewed and charged with power for positive living. As one woman said, "I put love into my family as an investment in their future, my future, our future. It's the best investment I can make. " {{B}}Don't Forget to Forgive{{/B}} For many, the ultimate deposit to the emotional bank account comes in forgiving. When you forgive, you open the channels for trust and unconditional love. You cleanse your heart. You also remove a major obstacle that keeps others from changing—because when you don't forgive, you put yourself between people and their energy on work with their own conscience, they spend it defending and justifying their behavior to you. In everything you do for your family, keep in mind the miracle of the Chinese bamboo. After the seed is planted, new, taller shoots appear until the bamboo reaches full height. But the most dramatic growth is underground, where a root like structure creates an intricate interlocking system. Using this system as support, the bamboo can grow to more than 35 metres! The emotional bank account can be like that. As you begin to make deposits, you may see positive results immediately. More often it will take weeks, months, even years, but results will come, and you will be astonished at the changes.

填空题The rumors about Hwang's research will not stop except when ______.