填空题It has become easy for microcomputer owners to use huge mainframe data bases.

填空题As far as a fire's behavior is concerned, the most unpredictable factor is ______.

填空题Using the Mind to Fight Diseases A. Psychology has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals and research centers, modern methods of therapy seem to focus on the physical disease without considering the patients" mental state. Patients may feel that they are being treated impersonally, like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy with patients to use their own minds to fight their diseases. Because the patient is working with the medicine and the doctors against the disease, his or her attitude changes. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight. Mental therapy B. The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient"s body physically. The body of the patient (in this case, a man) changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but as the physician knows, he also has an emotional response to the disease. Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient"s physical problems, but the patient"s mind must fight the emotional ones. C. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M.D., have shown that a typical cancer patient (in this case, a woman) has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her self-image is poor and she feels self-pity. As a result, her behavior changes. Because of her constant depression, she acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent the patient from getting well. Therefore, a doctor"s treatment must help the patient change her attitudes. Simonton"s method emphasizes treatment of the whole patient by treating both the body and the mind. D. The attitude of a cancer patient who is receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton"s psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor (肿瘤)in the body. In the mental picture, the patient "sees" a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton might make another suggestion. This patient, with a different kind of cancer, needs to take capsules and pills several times a day. The doctor asks the patient to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying. His or her blood carries away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient"s positive attitude fight the disease. E. Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease. Suggestion therapy F. Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. Before making the suggestion, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient (in this case, a man) thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he seems to be asleep. He is said to be in a trance (催眠状态). Then the physician makes "a suggestion" to the patient about the medical problem. The patient"s mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment. Suggestion therapy helpful for both adults and children G. Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries (in this case, a woman) about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic (慢性的) diseases. Asthma (哮喘) is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily. H. Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems. Response from the medical world I. Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology because they recognize its value. Nobody knows how suggestion works; however, doctors have learned that psychology has important applications in medicine.

填空题In Sydney people can enjoy excellent performances given by the first-rate Sydney Symphony Orchestra any time of the year.

填空题The purpose of insurance can be realized only when the cost of insurance is shared by many people who face a similar risk.

填空题__________(只有通过实践你才) be able to improve your spoken English and gradually speak fluently.

填空题For many Chinese oil companies, the percentage of the market share foreign companies will take is the ______.

填空题We have to work even harder though we feel quite secure ______ our success.

填空题Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks'. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank .following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Nowadays more and more young people are choosing to buy a place whereas before they tended to rent. Getting onto the property ladder is a very {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}thing to do. You may {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}what is the property ladder. Well, in Britain, when you buy a property for the first time, it is usually a small flat, simply because you can't {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}a bigger place. As you get older and have better jobs and higher pay, and perhaps have a family, then you buy a {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}house and sell your small one; you can keep doing this till you {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}, it's just like {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}up a ladder. But if houses are too expensive to buy, then how do people do this? According to an {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}, about 60% of first-time buyers would consider borrowing five times of their salary. Four out of five are willing to take on extra long term mortgages and nearly 40% would sign up for riskier interest-only mortgages. It seems that these people are prepared to take a lot of {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}when buying a house. Our {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}adviser suggests young people should save more money first. And according to the report, more than 40% of the first-time buyers now get help from their parents. Under this {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}, it seems not fair for those first-time buyers who do not have rich parents. But where there is a will, there is a way. First-time buyers now have mortgage buddies to share the huge cost. That means several people could co-invest in a property. A. dangerous F. decent K) investigation B. popular G. efforts L) risks C. wander H) mortgages M) condition D. afford I) building N) bigger E. retire J) wonder O) climbing

填空题In 1999, retail sales of ice cream in the U.S. topped ______________________.

填空题The earth's forest provide us with service from ______ to fruit and fresh air-and to seek to finance their conservation by charging those who benefit from them.

填空题Diamonds are priced on the basis of the 4 Cs-Cut, Clarity, Carat and Color.

填空题This passage indicates that football is a big money-spinner and is very profitable.

填空题Don't Be Shy [A] We often hear shy people say, "As we talked, I felt uneasy. I worried about how I looked, what I said, how I said what I said, and so forth." If you have never felt this shy, chances are that you know someone who has. "Very shy people often believe there's something wrong with them and tend to evaluate themselves more negatively than others do," says Lynne Henderson, director of the Shyness Clinic in Los Altos, California. John Walker, director of the Anxiety Disorder Program at St Boniface General Hospital in Canada, describes shyness as "an exaggerated fear of embarrassment and a tendency to hold back in social situations." [B] Our research reveals that the shy tend to make unrealistic social comparisons. In a room full of others, their attention is usually drawn to the most socially outstanding person, against whom they compare themselves, unfavorably, of course. Typically, they compound the negative self-image by attributing their own comparatively poor performance to enduring and unchangeable internal characteristics—I was born shy. Such attributions only heighten self-consciousness and spoil performance. [C] Shyness is considered a personality trait, not a psychological condition or disorder, and it has varying degrees. But severely shy people are sometimes diagnosed by psychologists as also having social anxiety disorder, or social phobia (恐惧症). Shyness that becomes so severe that it interferes significantly our social activities, relationships or occupational functioning could be what experts call social anxiety disorder or "crippling shyness." Millions of people suffer symptoms of this disorder at some point in their lives. One of them, 51-year-old Earla Dunbar, was virtually house-bound for six years during the 1990s. She was terrified to go outside, even to get the mail, for fear she'd run into other people and that they would think the worst of her. In such cases, cognitive-behavioral therapy and prescription drugs are often required to overcome the problem. [D] Social anxiety is the third largest psychological problem in the United States today. This type of anxiety affects 15 million Americans in any given year. Unlike some other psychological problems, social anxiety is not well understood by the general public or by medical and mental health care professionals. In fact, people with social anxiety are misdiagnosed almost 90% of the time. People with social phobia come to the anxiety clinic labeled as "schizophrenic (精神分裂)", "manic-depressive (狂郁症)", "clinically depressed", "panic disordered", and "personality disordered", among other damaging misdiagnoses. [E] Scientists used to think a child's family environment largely dictated his/her emotional development as an adult. But Louis Schmidt, a Canadian psychologist who has been studying brain development in children and babies for the past 15 years, says while there's probably no single gene for shyness, new research shows some genes appear play a larger role in predicting whether a person will be shy. "It appears nature has predisposed some children for shyness," Schmidt says. This means that if your parents are shy you will be shy as well. In healthy babies just a few months old who tend to cry when exposed to new situations or people, more activity is detected in their right frontal brain, which regulates behavior and emotion, and their heart rates are higher than those of more sociable babies. Many of these kids outgrow shyness, but ten to fifteen percent don't. [F] This kind of world we live in may also contribute to an increase in the number of shy people since today there's less face-to-face contact required in daily life. Some experts believe the cyberspace generation are accustomed to email, computer games, bank machines and other automated services and it means modern people are at risk of failing to develop social skills. [G] A 1995 survey found that about 48% of the 800 respondents considered themselves shy. While many of us consider ourselves shy, not all of those who do allow it to define us. For example, I have always considered myself to be a shy person. However, when I took a quiz, which rates level of shyness, the results showed that I was moderately shy. What this means is that, though I sometimes experience feelings associated with shyness, I have not allowed these feelings to keep me from pursuing my personal and professional goals. However, there are still some people whose shyness gets in the way of their career development. Researchers have found that such tend to begin their careers later than non-shy people. They are also more apt to refuse promotions. They choose careers that are less interpersonal and are more undecided about which field to pursue. Once in a career, shy people have a harder time developing a career identity. [H] One of the solutions to shyness is a greater understanding of its internal dynamics. It is important to note that a critical feature of shyness is a slowness to warm up. Shy people simply require extra time to adjust to unfamiliar or stressful situations. They also need more time to master the developmental barriers of life. The good news is that shy people eventually achieve everything that everyone else does—they date, marry, have children. The bad news is, it takes them a little longer. [I] An unfortunate consequence of the shy being on this delayed schedule is that they lack social support through many important life experiences. When they start dating and want to talk about first-date worries, for example, their peers will be talking about weddings. As a result, the shy may need to take an especially active role in finding others who are in their situation. One way is to build social support by starting groups of like-minded people. Another is to seek out existing groups of shy people, perhaps via the Internet. While technology often works against the shy, it can also lend them an unexpected helping hand. [J] Experts have identified a group of people called the successfully shy. The successfully shy overcome their social anxiety by letting go of their self-consciousness, that inward focus of attention on the things they can't do well. They accept that they aren't great at small talk or that they get so nervous in social situations that they can't draw on what is inside their mind. Or that they are paying so much attention to their feelings that they don't pay full attention to the person they're talking to. In place of self-consciousness, they substitute self-awareness. Rather than becoming anxious about their silence in a conversation, they plan ahead of time to have something to say, or rehearse asking questions. They arrive early at parties to feel comfortable in their new setting. By contrast, less successful shy people arrive late in an effort to blend in.