填空题 {{B}}To Save Trees, Fighting One Alien Insect with Others{{/B}} Rusty Rhea sighs wistfully as he talks about the beauty and peace of standing amid a grove (小树林) of deep green hemlocks in Appalachia, some of them up to 160 feet (50 meters) tall and more than 500 years old. "This is a very special tree," said Rhea, an entomologist for the U.S. Forest Service's Forest Health Protection program in Asheville, North Carolina. "I was brought up here, and I don't want to see another species go by the wayside." The evergreen trees, a hallmark of southern Appalachia's national parks, are under attack by an invasive insect barely visible to the eye but potent enough to fell the giants of the eastern United States' old-growth forests. Already the tiny bug from Japan, known as the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), has killed upward of 95 percent of the hemlocks in Virginia's Shenandoah National Park. Now they are making their way through the half-million-plus-acre (200,000-plus-hectare) Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee. The hemlocks shade streams, keeping water temperatures just right for brook trout(鲑鱼) and other fish. They also house birds such as the black-throated green warbler, solitary vireo, and northern goshawk, all three of which mainly shelter in stands of hemlock trees. Because of the insect's broad impact on the entire ecosystem of southern Appalachia, HWA stands to cause wider damage than the American chestnut blight(枯萎病) of the early 1900s. That fungus from Europe killed off the once dominant chestnut trees from the northeast United States to the southern Appalachian Mountains. In addition, a species related to HWA, the balsam woolly adelgid, has already killed about 90 percent of the mature Fraser fir trees in the Smokies.{{B}}Acting Quickly{{/B}} HWA arrived in the U.S. Pacific Northwest via nursery plants from Japan in 1924. By 1951 the tiny invader had been found in Virginia. Since then the insect has spread to more than 15 U.S. states. The key to killing the HWA is to catch it early and act quickly. It's already well established in the Great Smoky Mountains, where Rhea and others are trying to stem the spread of the bugs. HWA multiply quickly: All of the insects are females that reproduce asexually (无性地), laying several hundred eggs a year. When they get to the nymph, or crawler, stage, they are dormant from about June until October, after which they emerge and establish themselves on trees. Winds and birds and other animals spread the crawlers through the forest. HWA crawlers feed on the new growth of hemlocks by piercing the twigs that hold the branches, sucking the sap, and injecting toxic saliva. The needles turn from a deep green to a grayish green and eventually die, depriving the tree of nutrition from photosynthesis. An infected tree usually dies within five years of initial attack. Infection is signaled by either a white, cottonlike material that appears along a tree's twigs or by the "baldness" of a tree's upper branches.{{B}}Plans of Attack{{/B}} In the Pacific Northwest the hemlocks seem to be tolerant of the creatures' feeding, and in the cold northeast, winters seem to keep them at bay. But in the warm southeast, with weather approximating that of the insects' native Asian homes, they thrive. Chemical sprays--such as insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils as well as trunk or soil injections--have helped to kill some of the HWA infestations. But spraying must be repeated every six months, and injections are expensive and last only two years at most. These methods can't be used conveniently or safely in remote areas or near the streams where hemlocks grow thickly. Long term, the best way to control the pests appears to be releasing other insects that feed exclusively on HWA. Scientists have studied HWA in Japan and China and identified three such species. One of them, the Sasajiscymnus tsugae (St) beetle, was released in areas of Great Smoky Mountains National Park in 2002. Studying what controls a species in its native habitat--including climate, predators, and host resistance--provided clues about which insects to use against HWA, said Kristine Johnson. Based in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, Johnson is a supervisory forester for Great Smoky Mountains National Park. "Biological control is the only long-term hope to save the trees in the backcountry(穷乡僻壤)," she said. "We have 800 square miles (2,100 square kilometers) of contiguous wilderness. We value the native forest, and it's entirely worth defending."{{B}}Risky Business{{/B}} Releasing one species of non-native bug to kill another could be risky business, potentially creating another type of infestation. But scientists first quarantined and studied the HWA-killer insects. They believe the St beetles are the best answer to the HWA problem and that they won't cause side damage. This tiny black female beetle, the size of a poppy seed, is already spreading in the Great Smoky Mountains. But the beetle and other HWA-killer insects are seasonal, so it will take several different ones operating year-round to keep HWA in check, Rhea said. He doesn't believe HWA will be completely eradicated (根除) but will instead be kept in balance by the predator insects. "We're trying to insert a balance in a system that's out of balance," he said. Each St beetle can lay 200 to 300 eggs, said Ernest Bernard, professor of entomology and plant pathology at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville. Bernard's laboratory is one of several that are breeding the beetles. "Each beetle eats hundreds of baby adelgids a year," he said. And about 120,000 of the beetles have been released in the past couple years in the Smokies, but it is still too early to measure their impact. One good sign, Bernard said, is that some beetle larvae (幼虫) have been found in areas where they were not released, indicating that the HWA killers may be reproducing and spreading.

填空题They ____________________ (得出这一结论)that it will be cheaper in the long run to use real leather.

填空题Peter Schwartz's work helps the government in Singapore to plan the future of the city country.

填空题The barman didn't ask__________________(他们是否满18岁).

填空题What may be difficult for a left hander?

填空题Teotihuacan was destroyed in war.

填空题impose, expose, dispose, propose, suppose

填空题 Thanksgiving is America's national holiday for giving thanks to God. Thanksgiving Day has a special{{U}} (47) {{/U}}for Americans because it is traced back to that group of people who were among the first to come to the New World in search of freedom. In 1620, 102 sea weary (疲倦的) Pilgrims landed on the peninsula of Cape Cod. Their ship, the Mayflower, had{{U}} (48) {{/U}}to go to Virginia, but it made its landfall far to the north. After some weeks of{{U}} (49) {{/U}}they decided not to make the trip to Virginia but to remain where they were. But when they stepped ashore in this{{U}} (50) {{/U}}alien world, they were totally isolated from any outside{{U}} (51) {{/U}}and knew no means of livelihood. And the greater trouble is that in the woods live Indians, some of whom were{{U}} (52) {{/U}}. This added to the hardship of daily life. But the vast{{U}} (53) {{/U}}of forests gave them a hope. In this way, the nation's forefathers not only{{U}} (54) {{/U}}the first severe winter, but also saw the first harvest of crops in the next autumn. Their Indian friends were also invited to join their festival. This story is told every year to young children in schools as Thanksgiving Day (the fourth clay of November){{U}} (55) {{/U}}. Today, in US Thanksgiving Day is celebrated by many Americans whose roots do not stem from Britain. Now it is marked by families gathering together to enjoy a{{U}} (56) {{/U}}dinner for roast turkey, and to tell the things for which they are thankful.A) approaches F) utterly K) exploringB) hostile G) survived L) structureC) traditional H) assistance M) significanceD) justified I) intended N) interferedE) stretches J) appropriate O) normally

填空题Europe has experienced enormous upheavals (剧变) last century. Wars, revolutions, separations and elections have changed the political map of the continent 1 times. And with each charge, power has 2 , creating new winners and new losers. But for one group—the gypsies (吉卜赛人)—change has always meant losing. With each upheaval, the gypsies have been left 3 off than they were before. Yet they have survived to become Europe"s largest 4 . Moreover, they have succeeded in 5 their culture and their way of life in the 6 of genocide (种族灭绝), political persecution (迫害) and 7 . In other cases were minorities have survived similar persecutions—like Jews during World War Ⅱ, or Blacks in South Africa—their cause has received international support. By contrast, the gypsies" success at preserving their culture is not regarded as an achievement at all. Instead, it"s viewed as 8 they are both unwilling and unable to change, and therefore irredeemable (不可救的). Indeed, in 1993, an European country president 9 attacked their way of life and said steps should be taken "to curtail (减少，剥夺)the extended reproduction of this socially unacceptable and mentally backward population". If such a thing had been said about any other minority, the political outcry would have been enormous. But, because the Slovak President was 10 to gypsies, there were few complaints except from a few small organizations who try to protect gypsies" rights. A. openly I. poverty B. countless J. performed C. wonder K. face D. shifted L. referring E. substantially M. worse F. proof N. reserving G. minority O. preserving H. better

填空题In ancient times, if an Olympian had the honor of winning an event, he was held in high esteem and the rest of his life.

填空题The more kinds of food we have, the more healthy we will be.

填空题For a teenager, no matter whether he is all athlete or not, he should take in 2,000 to 5,000 calories per day.

填空题The newscomers found it impossible to______(使他们适应气候) sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.

填空题Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet l. For questions 1～7, mark Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8～10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. A Word on Advice Webster defines advice as being, "a recommendation with regard to a course of action.” (1) Daughter's call. The expression, "I need some advice" has to be one of the most horrifying statements in the English language. What makes it remarkably terrifying is that the advisor is usually confronted with it out of the blue and with little or no warning. My daughter is an expert at this. Lately I have been able to predict when she will call. It usually happens when I am having the type of day when everything seems to be going well. I am actually relaxed with few things that have to be done. It is almost as if I send out a signal to her that I am ready for the challenge. The call always begins with the expression, "Dad". The word is not as important as how it is stated. It sounds like a question being asked by someone who does not want to be heard. In other words, it is a little quieter than a whisper. I know she knows it is I, because she did the calling and I am confident that she knows the sound of my voice. It is almost as if the word is a signal that I had better be ready. (2) Advice concerning my daughter. When my daughter was small I looked forward to giving her advice. In fact, I sincerely believe that she also enjoyed it. For the most important thing a Dad can do is get his child ready for life. Not that I ever thought I was ready but at least I have been able to survive my years, so far. She used to sit really close to me or on my lap and I would explain the mysteries of life to her. I would tell her of morals and ethics that made life as good as it can possibly be. Years later, when my daughter hit the wonderful teenaged years, she didn't accept my advice as she did in the past. In fact, she obviously dreaded it. However, I gave it to her anyway because I wanted her to survive her teenaged years. I survived them so why she shouldn't listen to me and take in the knowledge that I had from the experiences of my past. For years she never came to me for advice but I continued to submit it. Now that I think of it, my father did the same. Soon, too soon, she left and started her own life. It was as though our separation necessitated that she would once again need, and seek out, my advice. At first this was a good thing, in that I appreciated the fact that she thought my wisdom was worth the time. After a while I came to the realization that I might not always be right. I started to fear my own answers to her questions. (3) Advice concerning my wife. My daughter is not the only person in my life that asks for advice. My wife does it in an odd way. I know she knows the answer to her question but it is almost as though she wants to combine mine with hers. Sometimes when I give her advice she takes it in and basically makes her own decisions. Other times she gives me that odd look that asks, "What planet were you born on?" Either way I do my best. (4) Advice concerning parents. My parents have started to ask for my advice. This was very difficult for me to understand. Most of my life my father and mother were the ones to direct me on how I should handle certain situations. They were the ones who survived their years so that they could direct me toward correct decisions. Now the roles seem to be reversed. I guess I should take it as a compliment because this shifting of roles means that they have finally come to the realization that I am capable of making correct choices. Now, if I could only believe this same realization and finally relax in my new role. (5) Advice concerning my folk. My folk's questions usually surround their preparation for the final stages of their lives. I hate these situations because, if I admit that they are getting old, I am literally resigning myself to the fact that I am not far off. I answer their questions as best as I can, praying that I am advising them to do the right things but how could I possibly know.'? Unlike giving advice to my daughter, giving advice to my parents involves me guessing what to do without the experience of going through what they are presently going through. I guess they ask me because they trust me, like I have always trusted them. (6) Advice concerning my students. I am a teacher. In fact, I am a high school teacher who works with young adults who are about to embark on careers that include college, the military, or work. Every day I am asked questions concerning how they should organize for their futures, away from a life that centered on their public school. Most people don't realize that graduating from high school is one of the last "rights of passage" our society has. This is true because these young children are leaving a time that had taken up over 75% of their young lives. So, I advise them as to what industries will be important when they get out of college; what military service they should look into in order to achieve what they think they want to achieve. Sometimes just to tell these young men and women that life is a wonderful thing and that they are fortunate to be in a stage of their lives where they are about to become adults. Every time they leave I pray that I gave them good advice. I know I did my best. (7) Advice concerning students' parents. Sometimes people I don't know ask for my advice. The parents of my students usually ask what they should do to make their child's future bright. Sometimes they ask what they should do because their child doesn't listen or doesn't believe what they are telling them. I assume they ask me because they believe a teacher should know the answers. Either that or they look at my gray hair and beard and believe that my age necessitates my ability to know. The basic problem with Webster's definition of advice is that it doesn't take into account the advisor. Does the advisor understand the problem and have the ability to help with a decision? In the past, did I give my daughter, parents, students, and strangers the correct advice? I think I'll give my daughter a call and ask her for some advice!

填空题It were the Chinese who ____________________ (将这些文明传给了西方世界).

填空题The article introduced the discovery of Sumbawa island which was buried by the eruption of the volcano Tambora.