填空题Buildings That Can Breathe A. At first glance, you might not suspect that the Philip Merrill Environmental Center in Annapolis, Md., is as earth friendly as an old windmill. As the headquarters of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, it displays more wood construction than the typical large building these days. But to understand what the designers, Smith Group, did to make it truly different, you would have to know that one-third of its energy comes from geothermal heat pumps that utilize the earth"s warmth and photovoltaic building panels that convert sunlight into electricity. Or that rainfall collected on the roof can be channeled into huge holding tanks for reuse in irrigation. Or that its sunscreen overhangs are made from recycled pickle barrels. Whole platoons (一组) of enforcement lawyers for the Environmental Protection Agency could not be more ecologically effective than its waterless composting toilets, bamboo flooring and timber cut from sustainably harvested wood. B. The Merrill Center epitomizes the new wave of "green architecture," a catch-all term for design and construction practices that take into account a whole checklist of environmental goals. How a building is sited, how well it reuses its wastewater, how efficiently it is heated and cooled—those are all questions green architects examine closely. To answer them, they have access to a new generation of supplies that include nonpolluting paints, low-flow toilets and windows glazed to admit sunlight but reduce heat radiation. The Adam J. Lewis Center for Environmental Studies at Oberlin College even has a state-@ the-art (最先进的) disinfectant system that cleans toilet water for reuse. (No, not in drinking fountains.) But green design is not all about high tech. One simple idea: windows on high-rises that actually open. That facilitates natural air-ventilation systems, also known as breezes. C. No one can deny that when it comes to the environment, buildings are right up there with automobiles as polluters. Homes, schools, office towers and shopping centers dirty their own little rivers of water every day. With their air-conditioning and heating systems, they waste large amounts of electrical and fossil-fuel power. Toxic ingredients leach from building materials and foul the air. Decades ago, only a few environmentally minded architects cared about such things. "Classic Modernism didn"t even think about the environment," says James Wines, founder of SITE, a pioneering green-design firm. "The Modernists worshipped industrialism and industrial material because that was the future." D. That began to change in the 1970s with that decade"s oil shocks, which produced a short-lived vogue for alternate heating technologies. The simultaneous rise of environmentalism inspired what you might call hobbit architecture, cottages crowned with listless greenery and the odd solar panel. But it wasn"t until the 1990s that green architecture gained a foothold in mainstream building. That was partly the result of a growing realization that "sustainable" buildings have lower long-term heating and cooling costs. States began offering tax incentives for construction that put less pressure on power grids or water supplies. Coming of age at the same time was a generation of architects who were knowledgeable about environmentally conscious construction materials and techniques. E. A dozen years ago, the U.S. Green Building Council, an association of architects, builders and other green specialists, adopted the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED. certification system, which sets out standards that a building must meet to qualify as environmentally friendly. The council estimates that today at least 3% of new buildings each year have some Earth-friendly features. "The growth of green building is driven partly by energy efficiency and other cost savings," says Christine Ervin, the former president and CEO of the council, "but also by the need of businesses to attract the best employees. These buildings can make very attractive work places." F. Some of the most prominent names in architecture have turned green, at least for selected projects. The three-sided Commerzbank headquarters in Frankfurt, Germany, is one of the leafiest. All around its triangular interior atrium (中庭) are gardens in the sky, set at different elevations, so that no worker is more than a few floors away from a sizable patch of greenery. "Building allows us to explore nature in a different way," says Jeremy Edmiston, of System Architects, "We"re looking at ways to put parks into high-rise buildings." G. Natural air circulation is a preoccupation of green architecture. With the widespread adoption of air conditioning after World War II, the typical office building was constructed to be more airtight than a mummy"s tomb. Now designers are rediscovering principles of ventilation and air circulation familiar to builders of the 19th century. The Rocky Mountain Institute once took part in an environmental upgrade of the White House and the vintage (古老的) Executive Office Building. "We discovered that the old office building was already designed with a natural ventilation system—a fairly brilliant one," says William Browning, the institute"s senior consultant for green development. H. Not everything green is rosy. To provide sunlight that reduces reliance on electrical lighting, environmentally conscious designers tend to favor open-plan workplaces over offices with doors that close. That can be good for nature, less good for quiet and privacy. And big suburban residential developers are not piling in yet. Reduced long-term energy costs, for instance, are not an important incentive to builders who plan to sell off the homes they build right away. I. Some green architecture is literally green. Dwellings that nestle directly into the landscape like caves, with carpets of earth and grass rolling over them as roofing, were among the first and most thoroughgoing examples of green architecture in the 1970s. At the end of the last century, Chicago"s City Hall, a 1911-Classical-Revival building, was topped by a "green roof"—a 20,000-square-foot garden that was planted as a climate-control mechanism. Built from a blend of compost, mulch and sponge-like materials that hold water more effectively than regular soil, the low-maintenance garden of 20,000 plantings is intended to reduce City Hall"s air-conditioning and heating costs by as much as $6,000 each year. In summer the garden helps keep the building cool by shielding it under a layer of moist material. In winter it insulates against cold. In both seasons, it reduces the storm-water runoff that occasionally overflows the Chicago sewers leading to Lake Michigan. Though the garden has yellowed a bit this summer, it still provides its cost-cutting benefits. Not incidentally, it also provides a habitat for birds, butterflies and grasshoppers. But not yet for people—the garden is closed to the public. Sometimes nature needs to work in peace.

填空题______ (珍惜每一天的时间) or else you will regret wasting the most wonderful period of time in your life.

填空题Heury admitted that he was ______ daring the match when be commented on his own perform- arise.

填空题I can use a computer, ______ (但说到修理), I know nothing.

填空题A nuclear fission is a process of a U-235 nucleus with a neutron trying to capture another neutron.

填空题The company is trying every means to _____________ (降低批发的价格)of its products.

填空题Recently certain counter measures ______ (阻止环境破坏) have been introduced.

填空题Workers aged 25-34 usually have more employment experience than workers aged 16-24.

填空题Many immigrants in America ______ (渴望有机会)to return to their homeland for a visit.

填空题The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under{{U}} (36) {{/U}}Production limits have been{{U}} (37) {{/U}}down; and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a{{U}} (38) {{/U}}number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems. As a Norwegian{{U}} (39) {{/U}}said last week, "We will soon change beyond all recognition." During the past few years the program of development in the northern area of the Arctic Circle has had a great deal of success: Tromso has been built up into a{{U}} (40) {{/U}}capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people in south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in{{U}} (41) {{/U}}. The{{U}} (42) {{/U}}of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation{{U}} (43) {{/U}}in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry.{{U}} (44) {{/U}}. The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life.{{U}} (45) {{/U}}, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian.{{U}} (46) {{/U}}.

填空题 The concept of student exchange between countries is not a new one. It is common {{U}}(36) {{/U}} in many European countries and the United States of America. In fact, most of the {{U}}(37) {{/U}} universities have made student exchange programs a necessary part of their system. This program is based on the {{U}}(38) {{/U}} that a group of students coming from {{U}}(39) {{/U}} parts of the world to a certain university for a year or even a few months can bring about a {{U}}(40) {{/U}} change in the university. {{U}}(41) {{/U}} its root back to World War Ⅱ student exchanges quickly became popular as they aimed to help increase the participants' understanding and {{U}}(42) {{/U}} of other cultures, as well as improving their language skills and {{U}}(43) {{/U}} their social horizons. {{U}}(44) {{/U}}. In this regard, I was selected for this program in 2007, according to which I was to study the Spring 2008 semester at the University of Montana. {{U}}(45) {{/U}}. Education in America is a blend of academics and a whole lot of other things. {{U}}(46) {{/U}}. But to make things interesting a wide, choice of majors is offered which makes it a little easier for students since then they tend to opt for subjects that they find easy or are Interested in.

填空题The passage talks about the paradox of our times.

填空题Because people have been paying too much attention to the sulphur particles and other pollutants, they overlooked another problem, global warming.

填空题According to the passage, the average mileage for each gallon is ______.