扬州是中国的历史名城之一。扬州，时称广陵，其建城可追溯至公元前(B.C.)486年。在 唐宋两朝 (the Tang andSong Dynasties)期间，扬州逐渐兴盛起来，成为了经济、文化中心以及对外贸易交换地。 京杭大运河 (theBeijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal)建成后，扬州的商业贸易进一步发展起来，扬州变成繁华富庶之地。在中国的诗歌和其他文学作品中，扬州不仅是一个繁华都市，更是 浪漫 (romance)的象征。

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Worried about prescription drugs? How to weigh your risk?[A] When the pain reliever Vioxx was withdrawn from the worldwide market last September after the announcement that it increased patients' risk of heart attacks and strokes, millions panicked. Suddenly, ads for the drug were replaced with ads looking for Vioxx "victims". Not only did patients stop taking Vioxx but, doctors say, many people stopped taking their other medicines, too—sometimes putting their health at serious risk. The sometimes-sensationalized headlines didn't help. People wondered. Should I trust my doctors? Could what I thought would help me actually kill me? Is the drug safety system broken?[B] Americans have somehow come to believe they should get the best medical care with the latest remedies with no side effects. But there is no drug that doesn't have side effects. Peter Corr, head of worldwide research and development for drug manufacturer Pfizer says, "As a society we expect medicine to be perfect. There is no such thing. There is always a risk."[C] Since there is no such thing as a pill that is completely safe, including aspirin, consumers have to accept the dichotomy (一分为二) that the same medicines that extend and enhance our lives may hurt us: some of them may merely have minor side effects, while others are able to cause death. So how should you and your doctor proceed?1. Weigh the risks and benefits of any drug.[D] As a smart consumer you must decide whether a drug is "safe enough" for you. The greater the benefit, the more risk you may be willing to take. If your illness is mild and not very bothersome, you may decide that any risk is too big and opt against taking any medications at all. On the contrary, if your illness is serious or potentially life threatening, you may even be willing to try an experimental drug with greater risk for serious side effects.[E] Zena McAdams, 59, a regional clergyman in Macon, Georgia, has lived with a condition that causes chronic pain for many years. For a long time she took OTC ibuprofen (布洛芬, 一种镇痛非处方药), "I mean lots of it," she says. In the spring of 2001, her doctor prescribed Vioxx. Taken only once a day, it was "remarkable," she says. "I took it every day till it was taken off the market."[F] After speaking to her doctor, she switched to Celebrex last October. It was also effective in controlling the aches and pains associated with her condition—until she heard concerns that it, too, had serious potential side effects. She talked to her doctor, weighed the risks versus the benefits and decided that her quality of life was most important. "There is always that nasty feeling about safety," she says, "but there is no reason to think that I have any heart problems. The benefits at this point in my life certainly outweigh the risks. The drug works. It eases the pain."2. Be especially cautious about new drugs.[G] New drugs are inherently risky. So if you're taking one, monitor yourself carefully. Have your eating and digestive habits changed? Are you feeling unusually tired or agitated (焦虑不安的)? Have your breathing patterns or skin color changed? If so, call your doctor immediately, who may tell you to stop taking the drug. How does a consumer know that a drug is new? Ask your doctor or pharmacist (药剂师). If you have a choice between two or more equally effective drugs, choose the one with a longer track record of safety. If you are taking a drug in the same class as one that has been recalled, it is careful to ask your doctor if that drug places you at greater risks.3. Know if you're in a high-risk group.[H] Although scientists still don't know precisely why, certain individuals have bad reactions to a drug or to a particular dose of a drug, while others don't. Men metabolize (新陈代谢) drugs differently than women do, for example. Be especially watchful if you are very young, very old or pregnant. Drugs usually aren't tested on these groups. "I worry the most about the elderly," says Avorn. "They are vastly under-represented in trials of drugs, yet they are the most likely to be taking the drugs when they are approved."4. Ask the right questions.[I] When you get a new prescription, never leave the doctor's surgery without a clear understanding of why you're taking the drug, how to take it, and how you'll know if it's working. Even if it makes you a bit uncomfortable, ask. You are responsible for your own health and safety. "If the doctor doesn't want to answer questions, you should probably find another doctor," says Avorn. After your visit, if you still have questions, call or e-mail the doctor. Use your pharmacist as an expert consultant for any additional concerns you have about the drug or its side effects.[J] You can ask the pharmacist for the professional package insert for the drug, says Corr. Although it's written for health care providers, it includes information on clinical trials and side effects. Also, if there's been a label change, with new information about the drug or any warnings, it will be part of the PPI (保险证明). Or request more consumer-friendly information, which should tell you how to use the drug properly and warn of any precautions. You can also call the drug company's toll-free number for more information, or go to its website.5. Be informed, and follow directions carefully.[K] Check that the pills you receive are the correct ones. Errors crop up in the dispensing of medications: It's easy to confuse products with similar names (for example, Zantac and Xanax). Read the instructions and take your pills exactly as prescribed. Be alert for expiration dates, and stay attentive to recalls and warnings. Tell your doctor about any other medications you take, either prescribed or OTC (over the counter). Drug interactions can cause serious problems. For example, Posicor, an antihypertensive drug (治疗高血压的药), was taken off the market because it could cause blood pressure to drop sharply when used with other heart medications. If you fill all your prescriptions at the same store, the pharmacist may be able to warn you of known interactions.[L] It is vitally important that patients and their doctors provide feedback to manufacturers and regulators if they have any suspicion of a problem. Then these signals will be known and can be analyzed to see if they are more widespread, which could save lives.

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If you're in charge of Christmas dinner, with all its interconnected tasks and challenges of timing— when to preheat the oven, whether to put the potatoes in before the eggs—why not write down every【C1】______that needs doing, in order, then do them, checking them off as you go? That can be very helpful. The Checklist Manifesto, written by the journalist and doctor Atul Gawande, shows the importance of checklist when hospital doctors are【C2】______to tick off items on checklists as they carry out routine but critical procedures. In one trial, the rate of infections from intravenous (静脉内的) drips fell from 11% of all patients to zero【C3】______because staff were compelled to work through a checklist of no-brainer items, such as【C4】______their hands. A more recent study, which included UK hospitals, suggested that wider use of checklists might【C5】______40% of deaths during treatment. Unlike in medicine, the【C6】______uses of checklists in everyday life—a list for holiday packing, for instance, aren't usually matters of life and death. The idea of making a checklist is so stupidly obvious that it seems impossible it could have so【C7】______an effect. But the truth is that all life, not just medicine, is【C8】______complex: if highly trained intensive-care specialists can forget a【C9】______step, it's sure that anyone might. Besides, the step-by-step structure of checklists can narrow your【C10】______to the next action. All you have to remember is to "do the next right thing". Then the next, and the next.A) action E) increasingly I) request M) subjectB) crucial F) normally J) required N) vastC) focus G) potential K) shaking O) washingD) gradual H) prevent L) simply

{{B}}Part II Listening Comprehension{{/B}}

元青花瓷富丽雄浑，其风格与传统的瓷器大相径庭。

President Coolidge's statement, "The business of America is business," still points to an important truth today—that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige? One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected. Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly (垄断) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers' dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves. A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom. Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic (贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.

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中国拥有的自行车数量为世界第一。它因此被称为“自行车王国”。

The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912. She was carrying 1,316【C1】 1and crew of 891. Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. At the time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as【C2】 2, for she had sixteen watertight compartments. Even if two of these were flooded, she would still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be【C3】 3, for she went down on her first【C4】 4with heavy loss of life. Four days after【C5】 5out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy water of the North Atlantic, huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout. After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct【C6】 6. The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense walk of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a slight【C7】 7sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened. The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged. Below, the captain realized to his【C8】 8that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded! The order to【C9】 9ship was given and hundreds of people【C10】 10into the icy water. As there were not enough lifeboats for everybody, 1,500 lives were lost. A) prepared B) passengers C) setting D) plunged E) remembered F) collision G) abandon H) unsinkable I) horror J) qualified K) presentation L) unbelievable M) voyage N) beautiful O) trembling 【C1】

随着电子商务的兴起和网购的流行， 快递业 (express delivery industry)应运而生。快递公司提供上门收件服务，收件后就会以尽可能快的速度送到顾客手上。然而，对快递延误的投诉却持续不断。为了提高投递服务质量， 国家标准化管理委员会 (the National Standardization Management Committee)实施了一套新标准。该标准规定，城际之间投递包裹的时间不得超过72小时，否则将被认定为延误，顾客即有权索赔。

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a campus phenomenon that annoys you most. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

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Second-hand Mobile Phone Messages 1．一项调查表明，我们发送的祝福短信中，多数为二手短信 2．分析二手短信兴起的原因及人们为何不喜欢这类短信 3．面对二手短信，我们应该怎样做

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Should Food Be Banned on the Subway? You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words following the outline given below:1．对于禁止在地铁和公交车上吃东西，有人表示赞成。2．有人则表示反对。3．你的看法。

BPart Ⅳ Translation/B

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. It is very common in college that many students are absent from the class and some teachers tend not to care about it. What do you think of this phenomenon?