{{B}}Part III Reading Comprehension{{/B}}

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexplainwhypeoplehavebeensomuchconcernedaboutfoodsafetyinrecentyears.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

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{{B}}Section A{{/B}}

对中国人而言，过中秋节没有比月饼更重要的了。中秋临近时，商店的橱窗里会摆满各式各样的月饼。各大厂家竞相制作别出心裁的设计。一些作为礼物制作的月饼，价格非常昂贵。这些月饼常常装在精美的盒子或篮子里出售，这样在月饼被吃完遗忘后人们仍可以保留一些可爱的小 纪念品 (souvenir)。圆圆的月饼，象征着家人团圆，给人们带来了许多快乐。

"One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger," says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely. In her study, participants were randomly (随机地) assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine (尼古丁) patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day. Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support. And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before quitting. "If you're training for a marathon, you wouldn't expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, 'Well, if I gradually reduce, it's like practice,'" says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn't the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings (瘾) and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. "Regardless of your stated preference, if you're ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective," says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. "When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that's compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it," Ferreira says. People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.

{{B}}Part III Reading Comprehension{{/B}}

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on one of the most popular sentences online, "REMEMBER... always act like you're wearing an invisible crown. " You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them. Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox, they kill it or a hunter shoots it. People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy. It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal (残酷的 ), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation (冲突) between hunters and hunt saboteurs (阻拦者). Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox's smell, which the dogs follow. Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.

四大发明(the Four Great Inventions)是指中国古代对世界有巨大影响的四种发明。即造纸术、印刷术、火药(gunpowder)和指南针。造纸术和印刷术使信息的记录和传播有了革命性的进步。火药的发明和传播改变了中世纪(the Middle Ages)的战争模式。而指南针大大帮助了欧洲航海家探索新航路。四大发明是古代中国先进科学和技术的象征，在中国和世界文明发展中都有着重要的意义。

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Workers with skills in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics(STEM)are among the most in demand and highest paid. They are seen as key drivers of problem-solving and economic growth, who will help shape the future. And most of them are men. Nadya Fouad, a professor of educational psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and her colleagues surveyed more than 5,000 women who had graduated from some of the top universities with engineering degrees over the past six decades. They found that 40 percent had either quit the field or never entered the profession in the first place. For more than two decades, women have accounted for about 20 percent of all engineering degrees. Yet fewer than 11 percent of all engineers are women. For the most part, Fouad found that what really pushed women out were uncivil workplace climates, the expectation to put in long hours of face time in the office, and the feeling that there was little opportunity to advance. Of the women who left the field less than five years ago, two-thirds pursued better opportunities in other fields—72 percent became either managers or executives. One-third said they stayed home with children because their companies didn't settle work-life conflicts. It is not about making the women more confident or anything. It's really about the climate in the workplace, Fouad said. Even women who are staying consider leaving because they don't have superior support. They don't have training and development opportunities. And their colleagues are not civil to them, look down upon them, or talk behind their backs. The findings add weight and context to previous looks at why more women don't go into or don't stay in STEM fields. The previous studies tend to explain that women aren't "naturally" smart enough, and that these are careers for men. Furthermore, Fouad makes recommendations to create a good work environment. The problem should be recognized that women aren't leaving just because they want to spend time with their children. They're leaving because of the difficult workplace climate and lack of opportunity to advance. The company, starting from the managers, is supposed to invest in professional training which is beneficial to the women's development and advance.

BPart III Reading Comprehension/B

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据说《茉莉花》(Jasmine Flower)是流传到海外的第一首中国民歌。许多国外学者在研究中国音乐史时都提到了《茉莉花》，不少外国人学唱中文歌时首选这首歌。2004年雅典奥运会(Athens Olympics)闭幕式上，一位中国小姑娘唱起《茉莉花》，给所有观众留下了深刻的印象。2008年北京奥运会，《茉莉花》被选为颁奖典礼(awarding ceremony)的音乐。这首歌带给我们美好艺术享受的同时也带给我们骄傲。

People who live in heavily industrialized areas do not get as much sunlight as they should. Dust【C1】______over a city at altitudes (海拔) of between 4,000 and 8,000 feet cuts out between 20 and 50 percent of the sunlight and up to 90 percent of the ultraviolet light (紫外线). But dust is not the only thing to【C2】______about. When fuels are burned, whether in a factory, or in a home, or in the engine of a car, CO 2 is given off. CO 2 in the atmosphere acts as a kind of【C3】______around the earth, keeping warms in and so slowly raising the【C4】______of the earth. This could really change the climate all over the world. Everybody wants to have a car.【C5】______, while they are giving us so much pleasure, cars are also poisoning us. The amount of dangerous substances sent out by a car is quite【C6】______. Did you know, for example, that a hundred cars produce on【C7】______a third of a ton of CO, as well as many other【C8】______substances every day? Now, more and more people are realizing the importance of clean air. Schools are now teaching about the pollution problems. Scientists and engineers are trying to【C9】______new engines for cars. But what about the millions of cars already in use? Must they all be thrown away? It might be very【C10】______to change them so that they, too, are pollutiorvfree. A. forge B. screen C. expensive D. floating E. unfortunately F. average G. poisonous H. develop I. temperature J. surprising K. overtaking L. essential M. regulation N. generously O. worry

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