中国人每天都在使用 筷子 (chopsticks)，这在很多外国朋友眼里似乎是一个奇迹。历史记载表明筷子的使用已有3000年的历史。在古代，富人用金子制成筷子以显示其富有。筷子还有其他功能，比如过去人们用银制的筷子检查他们的食物是否被人投了毒。现在，许多外国朋友在访问中国的时候都使用筷子。据说， 尼克松 (Nixon)总统到中国访问时，在欢迎宴会上也使用了筷子。

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中国是世界四大 文明古国 (ancient civilization)之一。它位于亚洲东部、 太平洋 (the Pacific Ocean)西岸，面积960万平方公里。中国人口约13亿，是世界上人口最多的国家，有56个 民族 (nationalities).中国历史悠久，幅员辽阔，景色壮丽，自然资源丰富，文化璀璨。1949年，中华人民共和国成立。经过半个多世纪的发展，中国在政治、经济、科技、文化、教育等方面取得辉煌的成就，为世人瞩目。

中国经济发展的规模和速度令人瞩目。然而，中国仍面临着巨大的挑战。官方数据显示，中国今年的物价跟去年相比上涨了6．4％。除了物价上涨导致的问题，经济结构上的问题也有待解决。随着中国社会的发展和人们 生活方式 (lifestyle)的改变，转变经济模式的需求开始显现。这将要求去发展新兴产业，特别是服务业。现在中国领导人已开始着手解决这些问题了。

在中国，水稻生产是国民经济的重要组成部分。中国人早在公元前4000年就开始了水稻种植，而后逐渐传播到世界各地。目前，中国是世界上最大的水稻生产国，水稻产量占世界产量的26％。我国水稻主要种植于 长江 (the Yangtze River)沿岸及南方各省份。米饭是中国人，特别是南方人，非常重要的 主食 (staple food).此外，水稻还可以用来酿酒、制糖及用作工业原料。

在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。

The Earth comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate (硅酸盐) that are semi-molten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust. There are two kinds of crust, a lower and denser oceanic crust and an upper, lighter continental crust found over only about 40 percent of the Earth's surface. The rocks of the crust are of very different ages. Some continental rocks are over 3,000 million years old, while those of the ocean floor are less than 200 million years old. The crusts and the top, solid part of the mantle, totaling about 70 to 100 kilometers in thickness, at present appear to consist of about 15 rigid plates, 7 of which are very large. These plates move over the semi-molten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical (地形学的) features of the Earth. Active zones where intense deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates. There are three main types of zones of contact: spreading contacts where plates move apart, converging contacts where plates move towards each other, and transform contacts where plates slide past each other. New oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth's crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions (爆发) of lava (火山 熔岩) at mid-ocean ridges. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents, a rift (裂缝 ) is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the sea The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates moved in opposite directions. When two plates carrying continents collide, the continental blocks, too light to be drawn down, continue to float and therefore buckle (起褶皱) to form a mountain chain along the length of the margin of the plates.

Over a hundred years ago, Charles Dickens shocked many of his readers when he described the conditions under which young children worked in British factories. The conditions Dickens described continue almost【C1】______today in many parts of the world. The only difference is that today【C2】______of children is limited to small industries and family businesses, such as hotels, restaurants and【C3】______farms, rather than to large factories. Girls【C4】______more from child labor practices than boys. Many of them are forced to start work when they are only ten years old. Although the work they are given to do is often【C5】______, it is often harmful to their health.【C6】______, children as young as six years were found to be working in Asian factories, and the children were working from eight to fourteen hours a day in overcrowded and unhealthy working【C7】______. Sometimes a whole family group is employed, with the【C8】______going to a parent or older relative. The children not only receive nothing or very little for their long hours of work, but also they are prevented from attending school. Therefore, when they become older they are unable to do any other kind of work. The【C9】______to the problem of child labor is clearly better laws to protect young children, greater supervision of industry and heavier fines for those who break the laws. Only in this way can young boys and girls be allowed to enjoy the most【C10】______time of their lives—children. A. elsewhere B. employment C. dissolved D. light E. recently F. solution G. unchanged H. suffer I. conditions J. perspective K. impatient L. valuable M. particularly N. proceed O. payment

中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节(The Mid—autumn Day)是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如饺子和年糕。

时间很难对付，既难控制又易浪费。当你向前看时，觉得有用不完的时间。比如说，学期伊始，你可能会觉得有大量的时间，可到期末时，突然发现时间就要用完了，已没有足够的时间去做应该做的一切了，于是，你就很担心。解决问题的方法是什么?那就是控制!时间很危险。如果你不控制它，它就要控制你；如果你不能让它服务于你，它便与你作对。因此，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是奴隶。

科学家们很早就发现，地球绕着太阳转。

Children model themselves largely on their parents. They do so【C1】______through identification. Children identify with a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are【C2】______of that parent. The things parents do and say—and the way they do and say to them—【C3】______strongly influence a child's behavior. However, parents must consistently【C4】______like the type of person they want their children to become. A parent's actions also affect the self-image that a child forms through identification. Children who see mainly positive qualities in their parents will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way. Children who【C5】______chiefly negative qualities in their parents will have difficulty seeing positive qualities in themselves. Children may modify their self-image, however, as they become increasingly influenced by peer groups'【C6】______before they reach 13. Isolated events, even dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a【C7】______effect on a child's behavior. Children interpret such events according to their【C8】______attitudes and previous training. Children who know they are loved can, for example, accept the divorce of their parents or a parent's early【C9】______. But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events as a sign of【C10】______or punishment. A. behave B. established C. standards D. decline E. characteristics F. acceptance G. rejection H. observe I. therefore J. definite K. departure L. permanent M. engagement N. mainly O. meanwhile

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{{B}}Part III Reading Comprehension{{/B}}

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《本草纲目》 (The Compendium of Materia Medica)是 明代 (the Ming Dynasty)著名的医学家李时珍所著。这部著作近乎200万字，记载 药物 (medical substance)1892种。除了 中草药 (Chinese herbalmedicine)，该书也包含了动物和矿物质作为药物的记载。《本草纲目》堪称中医史上最完整的医书，对各种药物的名称、气味、形态等都做了详尽的介绍。它被翻译成20多种语言并在全世界广为流传。即便现在，人们还常常将它用作医学参考书。

中国是一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家，每个民族都有其独特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过悠久历史的发展已经成形。最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粤、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系，这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样的烹饪方法区分的，各有其长处。

BSection A/B

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