Directions: Suppose you have just participated in a school project of collecting used books on campus. You are now to write a report about the project, which may include its aim, organizers, participants and activities. You will have 30 minutes to write the report. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

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rections: Suppose you are writing a proposal to your school library for improving its services. You are to write about its current problems and possible solutions to these problems. You will have 30 mimutes to write the proposal. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.__________

Social media can be a powerful communication tool for employees, helping them to collaborate, share ideas and solve problems. Research has shown that 82% of employees think social media can improve work relationships and 60% believe it can support decision-making processes. These beliefs contribute to a majority of workers connecting with colleagues on social media, even during work hours.Employers typically worry that social media is a productivity killer; more than half of U.S. employers reportedly block access to social media at work. In my research with 277 employees of a healthcare organization I found these concerns to be misguided. Social media doesnt reduce productivity nearly as much as it kills employee retention.In the first part of the study, I surveyed the employees about why and how they used platforms like Facebook, Twitter, or Linkedln. Respondents were then asked about their work behaviors, including whether they felt motivated in their jobs and showed initiative at work. I found that employees who engage in online social interactions with coworkers through socialmedia blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas. But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization, they are less motivated and show less initiative.These findings suggest that the effects of social media depend on who employees interact with; employees who interact with their colleagues share meaningful work experiences, but those making connections outside the organization are distracted and unproductive.In the second part of the study, I found 76% of employees using social media for work took an interest in other organizations they found on social media. When I examined how respondents expressed openness to new careers and employers, I found that they engaged in some key activities including researching new organizations and making new work connections.These findings present a dilemma for managers: employees using social media at work are more engaged and more productive, but they are also more likely to leave your company.Managers should implement solutions that neutralize the retention risk caused by social media.They can create social media groups in which employees will be more likely to collaborate and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about external job opportunities. Managers can use social media to directly reduce turnover (跳槽) intentions by recognizing employees accomplishments and giving visibility to employees success stories.

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybasedonthepicturebelow.YoushouldstartyouressaywithabriefaccountoftheimpactoftheInternetonthewaypeoplecommunicateandthenexplainwhetherelectroniccommunicationcanreplaceface-to-facecontact.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words."DearAndyHowareyou?YourmotherandIarefine.Webothmissyouandhopeyouaredoingwell.Welookforwardtoseeingyouagainthenexttimeyourcomputercrashesandyoucomedownstairsforsomethingtoeat.Love,MomandDad."_____________

Directions: Write proposals for the service of Students Union//The Federation of Students.You will have 30 minutes to write the proposal. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. __________

How to determine if a company is a good fit for you [A].On paper, the job seemed perfect for me: The position was completely in line with my degree, the duties and responsibilities were compatible with my interests and the office maintained a well-stocked kitchen that would satisfy my every snack desire. [B].Sounds like my dream job, right? There was only one small problem: I simply didnt get along with the company culture. They favored a more rigid, closed-door, corporate atmosphere, when I would have preferred something more collaborative and open. They were complete clock watchers, when I would have liked a more flexible schedule. To put it plainly, we just werent on the same page. [C].When it comes to looking for a new job, you already know that a big part of the interview process involves the company evaluating whether or not you re a good fit for their open role.But, its important to keep in mind that the employer isnt the only one who needs to identify a good match—you should be looking for that same exact thing. Company culture can have a big impact on how you feel about your work, so you want to make sure you sign an offer letter with an organization you re truly excited about. [D].However, figuring out what a company is like before you actually work there can be a bit of a challenge. Luckily, there are a few things you can do to determine whether or not a company is a good fit for you -before you ever sign your name on that dotted line. [E].First of all, know what you want. Its hard to make any decisions when you dont really know what you re looking for. So before you can determine whether you and a specific company would be compatible together, its important to have a solid handle on what exactly you wantfrom your employer. Many of us have an easier time identifying the things that we absolutely dont want. If those are the only things you can think of, dont worry! Thats still a good place to start. [F].Start by writing down the things you didnt like about previous employers, as well as the parts you really valued. Theres no wrong answer here—so from big things to small details, write it all down on your list. This will help you immediately identify what you re looking for in an organization, as well as the things you re trying to stay far, far away from. [G].Do your research. Now comes the part when you put on your detective hat and do a little digging. The Internet will be your best friend when you re trying to familiarize yourself with a companys culture before ever walking through their office doors. And where exactly should you look for these culture clues? Start with the most obvious place first: the company swebsite. Read through their copy and blog. Do they use formal, direct language? Or is it casual, conversational, and maybe even a little humorous? This can be a big indicator of what sort of atmosphere a workplace is trying to cultivate. [H].Next, turn your attention toward their social media outlets. Are they sharing photos of their teams Thursday afternoon chili cook-off or Halloween costume contest on Instagram? Or are their social media accounts strictly reserved for company related announcements and product launches? [I].A site like Glassdoor is another spot to check in order to find some insider information about what you can expect about a company. However, remember to take the reviews you read witha grain of salt -many of them are written by scorned employees. [J].Finally, you can never fail with personal connections. Send a quick message to a current or previous company employee on Twitter or LinkedIn and ask if he or she would be willing to have a quick conversation with you about the organization in general. If you get a yes to your request for a chat? You ll be armed with some pretty powerful and helpful information heading into your interview! [K].Ask questions. You know that part at the end of a job interview when the hiring manager asks if you have any questions, and you just stare across the table blankly with your mouth hanging open? Thats the perfect opportunity to speak up and get your burning company culture questions answered! So yes, you can definitely ask your interviewer about what its like to work for that particular organization. Simple questions like, "What three words would you useto describe the culture here?"or "Whats your favorite part about working for this company?" can reveal a lot about what its really like behind closed doors. Still not sure what to ask? Try this article for help. [L].Prioritize your values. What does my dream company culture look like? Well, I could come and go as I please, as long as I was getting the work done. My boss would genuinely listen to and value all of my ideas and suggestions. My co-workers would all be friendly with one another, without ever falling into the office gossip trap. The kitchen would have endlessoptions of pizza and cookies. Oh, and theyd give me two months of paid vacation with an very generous salary. [M].What are my chances of finding all of those things with one employer? Slim to none—believe me, I ve looked. This is why its so important to know which aspects of a companys cultureyou value most. Is it an open communication style or a flexible schedule? Focus on the top spots on your priority list, and ensure a potential employer at least checks those boxes.Unfortunately, this is reality, you cant have everything you want but a few are certainly achievable. [N].When you re hunting for a new job, you already know that the employer is trying to decide whether or not you re a good fit for the position. But you should also look at the process through a similar lens. You may not be the one conducting the actual interview, but you re still trying to determine whether or not company is a good fit for you. [O].Keep these tips in mind to figure out whether you and a potential employer are a perfect match or just a recipe (方案) for disaster. After all, its a good thing to know before actually accepting an offer.

从前，有个农夫正在地里耕作，突然看见一只免子飞奔而过，撞在一棵大树上死了。农夫毫不费力就吃到了兔肉，心里非常高兴。他想，"如果总是这样该多好啊!"于是，不再耕作，每天守候在那棵树旁，等待着能再捡到撞死在树上的免子。他等呀等，等了一天又一天，田地也荒芜了，却再也没有等到第二只免子。人们因而都嘲笑他把偶然当成必然。__________

The sheets are damp with sweat. You're cold, but your heart is racing as if a killer just chased you down a dark street. It was just a nightmare, you tell yourself; there's nothing to be afraid of. But you're still filled with 26.Given how unsettling and haunting nightmares can be, is there a way for dreamers to 27, or even turn off, these bad dreams as they happen?Research is 28, but some studies suggest that people who can master lucid dreaming—that is, the ability to be 29 that a nightmare is happening and possibly even controlit without waking up-may hold the 30.Nightmares are part of the human experience, especially for kids. Doctors 31 don't consider occasional nightmares a problem. They can just be symptoms of a sleep disorder that can 32 from an unpleasant experience, stress, or certain drugs.To treat the disorder, there are a number of medicines and therapies that are backed by 33 research, according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, which analyzed the available research on the treatment of nightmare disorder in a recent 34 published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.However, nightmares are complicated, and researchers are still struggling to understand them, said Dr. Rachel Salas, an expert on sleep disorders and an associate professor at Johns Hopkins Medicine in Baltimore. What we do know is that people 35 to have different kinds of nightmares at different points during the sleep cycle.

阅读理解Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage

In the coming era of budget cuts to education, distance learning could become the norm. The temptation for those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology could be so strong that they ignore the disadvantages of distance learning. School facilities are expensive to build and maintain, and teachers are expensive to employ. Online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people simultaneously resulting in greater savings, thus increasing the temptation of distance education for those concerned more about budgets than learning. But moving away from a traditional classroom in which a living, breathing human being teaches and interacts with students daily would be a disaster. Physically attending school has hidden benefits: getting up every morning interacting with peers, and building relationships withteachers are essential skills to cultivate in young people. Moreover, schools should be more than simple institutions of traditional learning. They are now places that provide meals. They are places where students receive counseling and other support.Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to transform education overnight. But online education does not allow a teacher to keep astruggling student after class and offer help. Educational videos may deliver academic content, but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student´s level of engagement. Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom. In their firstl8 years of life, American children spend only 9% of their time in school. Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens, cultivate their social skills, encourage successful time management, and enhance their capacity to flourish in an increasingly harsh labor market. Given these expectations, schools should not become permanently "remote".The power of the classroom is rooted in the humanity of the people gathered in the same place, at the same time. Personal teaching is about teachers´ showing students a higher path and about young people going through the process together. Technology, no matter how advanced, should simply be a tool of a good teacher.

If youve ever looked at the ingredients list while grocery shopping, chances are youve seen the term“natural flavors". But have you taken a __26__ to consider what these natural flavors actually are?Most of us might think that“natural flavors" are, well, naturally good for us. A recent study in the journal Appetite found that when the word“natural" appears on packaging, people __27__ that the food within is indeed healthier. In truth, natural flavors do not __28__ much, at least chemically speaking, from their flavor-boosting __29__ : artificial flavors. Both can be made in a lab by trained flavorists, but artificial flavors use chemicals to give a producta __30__ smell or taste.Natural flavors come from plant or animal __31__, like fruit, vegetable, meat, fish or milk that is then processed or refined in some way. In short, natural flavors are __32__ from plants and animals to create specific flavors for processed foods. But that doesn’t __33__ make it easier to tell what’s really in your food. Because the Food and Drug Administration (FD

Social media can be a powerful communication tool for employees, helping them to collaborate, share ideas and solve problems. Research has shown that 82% of employees think social media can improve work relationships and 60% believe it can support decision-making processes. These beliefs contribute to a majority of workers connecting with colleagues on social media, even during work hours.Employers typically worry that social media is a productivity killer; more than half of U.S. employers reportedly block access to social media at work. In my research with 277 employees of a healthcare organization I found these concerns to be misguided. Social media doesnt reduce productivity nearly as much as it kills employee retention.In the first part of the study, I surveyed the employees about why and how they used platforms like Facebook, Twitter, or Linkedln. Respondents were then asked about their work behaviors, including whether they felt motivated in their jobs and showed initiative at work. I found that employees who engage in online social interactions with coworkers through socialmedia blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas. But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization, they are less motivated and show less initiative.These findings suggest that the effects of social media depend on who employees interact with; employees who interact with their colleagues share meaningful work experiences, but those making connections outside the organization are distracted and unproductive.In the second part of the study, I found 76% of employees using social media for work took an interest in other organizations they found on social media. When I examined how respondents expressed openness to new careers and employers, I found that they engaged in some key activities including researching new organizations and making new work connections.These findings present a dilemma for managers: employees using social media at work are more engaged and more productive, but they are also more likely to leave your company.Managers should implement solutions that neutralize the retention risk caused by social media.They can create social media groups in which employees will be more likely to collaborate and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about external job opportunities. Managers can use social media to directly reduce turnover (跳槽) intentions by recognizing employees accomplishments and giving visibility to employees success stories.

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