单选题 An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services: for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, the harbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger. It is this economic interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of trade unions (工会)such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries' economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britain's unions have tended to develop along trade (行业) and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve. There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feelings between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions can fight for their members' disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs. Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be re-elected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of 'shop stewards' (工厂工人代表) in many unions, 'shop stewards' being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or work level.

单选题Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon 27 their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an 28 reader and I could not do mental arithmetic. Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the 29 memory of the house we lived in and of my room and my toys. But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all, the insects. I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world and my 30 had led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my 31 topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people's observations and 32 Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle, because it all seems to fit 33 together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might 34 with the title of scientific research. But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist. A scientist requires not only 35 but hard training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can 36 the two, you get the best of both worlds. A. combine B. connect C. serf-discipline D. enthusiasm E. regulations F. discoveries G. dim H. eventually I. abandoned J. honor K. disposed L. modest M. favorite N. early O. perfectly

单选题 中国有着悠久的扇子文化。最早的扇子出现在3000年前，由羽毛制成。如今，扇子的制作材料已变得多样化，最常用的是纸和真丝。扇子的用途很广泛，除了能使人凉快之外，还可用于舞蹈、装饰等。在中国文化里，与其说扇子是个工具，不如说它是一个艺术品。扇面上的书法(calligraphy)、绘画和诗歌为扇子增添了艺术价值。使扇子为历代收藏家所珍爱。

单选题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.YoushouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexpressyourviewsontheChineseculture.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet1.外国人过春节

单选题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell some of the course books you used at college. Your advertisement may include a brief description of their content, their condition and price and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

单选题 Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Skipping Classes in Colleges. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Outlines are given below in Chinese: 1.大学生逃课现象严重； 2.剖析一下该现象背后的原因； 3.现状能否改善，如何去做?

单选题 Soon after starting his job as supervisor of the Memphis, Tenn., public schools, Kriner Cash ordered an assessment of his new district's 104,000 students. What most concerned him was that the number of students considered 'highly mobile,' meaning they had moved at least once during the school year, had ballooned to 34,000. At least 1,500 students were homeless—probably more. It led him to think over an unusual suggestion: What if the best way to help kids in poverty-stricken urban neighborhoods is to get them out? Cash is now calling for Memphis to create a residential school for 300 to 400 kids whose parents are in financial distress. His proposal is at the forefront (最前线) of a broader national trend. Public boarding schools are hardly a new concept. But publicly financing boarding schools for inner-city kids is a very different suggestion. If Cash's dream becomes a reality, it will probably look a lot like SEED (Schools for Educational Evolution and Development), whose 320 students live on campus five days a week. Perhaps the most provocative (引起争论的) aspect of Cash's proposal is to focus on students in grades 3 through 5. Homelessness is growing sharply among kids at that critical age, when much of their educational foundation is set, Cash says. His aim: to prevent illiteracy and clear other learning roadblocks early, so the problem 'won't migrate into middle and high school.' Students will remain on campus year-round. 'It sounds very exciting, but the devil is in the details,' says Ellen Bassuk, president of the National Center on Family Homelessness in Newton, Mass. 'What's it like to separate a third-or fifth-grader from their parents?' It may help to consider the experience of SEED student Mansur Muhammad, 17. When he arrived seven years ago, the first few weeks were tough. But Muhammad hasn't looked back. He maintains a 3.2 GPA and reshelves books in the school's library for $160 every couple of days, when he's not in his room listening to rap or classical music and writing poetry. Inspired by a teacher, Muhammad is working on a book. 'It was a long road for me to get here,' he says, 'and I have a long way to go.'