单选题 How to Create Healthier Anger in Your Children A. Anger often makes us uncomfortable. It's uncomfortable to witness and uncomfortable to feel. Witnessing your child's anger can be especially uncomfortable. In order to relieve this feeling, parents will often encourage children to 'stop crying' and say things like 'it's nothing to cry about.' It's moments like these that plant the seeds of unhealthy anger. B. The 'stop crying' parent is just doing what they were taught by their own parents, who were probably taught that by their parents, and on and on. While telling your child to 'stop crying' isn't emotional child abuse per se, your child may still need help with depression, addiction, or other issues later in life. This cycle can be stopped, however, if we learn how to create healthier anger in our kids, and in ourselves. C. To understand why stuffing emotions away is unhealthy, think of emotions like they are physical wounds. When you cut your finger, your body knows to tighten blood vessels and release white blood cells. In order to let your cut finger heal, you've got to let the body's natural process work. Like the body, the psyche knows what needs to happen to heal emotional wounds. To let your mind heal, you've got to let yourself go through a healing process as well. If you don't let yourself heal, whenever a similar event happens in your life, the old emotions will emerge and cause you pain. Until you learn to examine your feelings, retrieve their messages, and let them go, they'll act like cuts that never close. D. When we find our anger too uncomfortable to process and let go, we set that model for our children to copy. If a child never sees his or her parent express anger, the parent teaches that child that they, too, should never express anger. Or, if a parent always expresses their anger loudly and hurtfully, or there is a violent relationship between parents, the child may start to think of anger as something that is always frightening. E. The first thing you can do to create healthier anger in your children is to practice creating healthier anger in yourself. Try mindfulness exercises to start feeling more comfortable being angry. It's our resistance to anger that often makes our anger worse. Once you're better at experiencing anger and expressing it in a healthy way—a way that isn't passive-aggressive or an explosion of rage—you'll be able to model a good anger style for your kids. F. Some kids deal with anger by creating a 'false self': a child who is perfect for their parents. If you still use this coping skill as an adult, the result can be catastrophic. Inside a false self, you become separated from your true feelings. While you never express anger openly, the 'true you' inside has to deal with all those repressed emotions. People who have developed a false self are often passive aggressive and seem shallow because they've tucked away all the feelings that would give them depth and character. G. Preventing kids from expressing their feelings may also create shame. While you feel guilt when you think you've done something wrong, you feel shame when you believe you yourself are wrong. Children can't separate their feelings from their self-image, so when they express their feelings and are told that it's 'nothing to cry about,' they come to the conclusion that they themselves are bad. H. How do we keep kids from creating false selves or from believing that they should be ashamed of their feelings? We need to raise them in an environment where it's safe to express feelings. Once you feel more comfortable with your own anger, you can teach your children why anger is a helpful emotion. When your kid expresses anger, help them examine what it is that has made them angry. Why did it make them angry? How did it do that? Then, you can teach them that while emotions are never wrong and are always valid, our expressions of our emotions are within our control. I. Parenting styles that teach children to stuff their anger creates adults who are bursting at the seams with repressed emotions. People who are afraid of their own anger will never learn how to listen to what their anger is trying to tell them. Instead of teaching our kids that their anger is wrong, that 'happy families' are never angry, or that all feelings of anger lead to violence and fear, we can teach our children that anger is OK. Anger is natural, it is normal, and it can be experienced and expressed in a healthy way.

单选题 Is College a Worthy Investment? A. Why arc we spending so much money on college? And why are we so unhappy about it? We all seem to agree that a college education is wonderful, and yet strangely we worry when we see families investing so much in this supposedly essential good. Maybe it's time to ask a question that seems almost sacrilegious (大不敬的): is all this investment in college education really worth it? B. The answer, I fear, is no. For an increasing number of kids, the extra time and money spent pursuing a college diploma will leave them worse off than they were before they set foot on campus. C. For my entire adult life, a good education has been the most important thing for middle-class households. My parents spent more educating my sister and me than they spent on their house, and they're not the only ones...and, of course, for an increasing number of families, most of the cost of their house is actually the cost of living in a good school district. Questioning the value of a college education seems a bit like questioning the value of happiness, or fun. D. The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of a college education has nearly doubled in that time. Is the education that today's students are getting twice as good? Are new workers twice as smart? Have they become somehow massively more expensive to educate? E. Perhaps a bit. Richard Vedder, an Ohio University economics professor, rays, 'I look at the data, and I see college costs rising faster than inflation up to the mid-1980s by 1 percent a year. Now I see them rising 3 to 4percent a year over inflation. What has happened? The federal government has started dropping money out of airplanes.' Aid has increased, subsidized (补贴的) loans have become available, and 'the universities have gotten the money.' Economist Bryan Caplan, who is writing a book about education, agrees: 'It's a giant waste of resources that will continue as long as the subsidies continue.' F. Promotional literature for colleges and student loans often speaks of debt as an 'investment in yourself.' But an investment is supposed to generate income to pay off the loans. More than half of all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not require a degree, and the amount of student-loan debt carried by households has increased more than five times since 1999. These graduates were told that a diploma was all they needed to succeed, but it won't even get them out of the spare bedroom at Morn and Dad's. For many, the most visible result of their four years is the loan payments, which now average hundreds of dollars a month on loan balances in the tens of thousands. G. It's true about the money—sort of. College graduates now make 80 percent more than people who have only a high-school diploma, and though there are no precise estimates, the wage premium (高出的部分) for an outstanding school seems to be even higher. But that's not true of every student. It's very easy to spend four years majoring in English literature and come out no more employable than you were before you went in. Conversely, chemical engineers straight out of School can easily make almost four times the wages of an entry-level high-school graduate. H. James Heckman, the Nobel Prize-winning economist, has examined how the returns on education break down for individuals with different backgrounds and levels of ability. 'Even with these high prices, you're still finding a high return for individuals who are bright and motivated,' he says. On the other hand, 'if you're not college ready, then the answer is no, it's not worth it.' Experts tend to agree that for the average student, college is still worth it today, but they also agree that the rapid increase in price is eating up more and more of the potential return. For borderline students, tuition (学费) rise can push those returns into negative territory. I. Everyone seems to agree that the government, and parents, should be rethinking how we invest in higher education—cad that employers need to rethink the increasing use of college degrees as crude screening tools for jobs that don't really require college skills. 'Employers seeing a surplus of college graduates and looking to fill jobs are just adding that requirement, ' says Vedder. 'In fact, a college degree becomes a job requirement for becoming a bat-tender.' J. We have started to see some change on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many students to cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their income and forgives any balance after 25 years. But of course, that doesn't control the cost of education; it just shifts it to taxpayers. It also encourages graduates to choose lower-paying careers, which reduces the financial return to education still further. 'You're subsidizing people to become priests and poets and so forth,' says Heckman. 'You may think that's a good thing, or you may not.' Either way it will be expensive for the government. K. What might be a lot cheaper is putting more kids to work. Caplan notes that work also builds valuable skills—probably more valuable for kids who don't naturally love sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly: 'People are different, and those abilities can be shaped. That's what we've learned, and public policy should recognize that.' L. Heckman would like to see more apprenticeship-style (学徒式) programs, where kids can learn in the workplace—learn not just specific job skills, but the kind of 'soft skills, ' like getting to work on time and getting along with a team, that ate crucial for career success. 'It's about having mentors (指导者) and having workplace-based education, ' he says. 'Time and again I've seen examples of this kind of program working.' M. Ah, but how do we get there from here? With better public policy, hopefully, but also by making better individual decisions. 'Historically markets have been able to handle these things,' says Vedder, 'and I think eventually markets will handle this one. If it doesn't improve soon, people are going to wake up and ask, 'Why am I going to college?''

单选题The economic costs of noise are several. Airports are currently operating at less than 27 because of noise regulations which restrict their hours of operation. For instance, at Washington's National Airport no jet traffic is allowed from 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. Other airports restrict the use ofcertain runway. One estimate is that noise 28 reduce possible airport use by 20 percent. The 29 cargo trade is especially affected by night restrictions. In the case of airports, jet engines may be 30 to reduce their noise level, or insulation from air traffic noise may be provided by the purchase of land around airports or the insulation of buildings. One estimate is that $5.7 billion would be required to 31 all existing jet engines with noise control devices. However, 32 the current state of the art, even taking this step will not reduce noise levels at all points to 33 values. Some combination of methods is probably necessary. If all aircraft were made quieter by existing methods, there would be a number of economic benefits. An increase in airport capacity would 34 . Property values near airports might rise. Transportation costs to and from airports could be reduced since the airports now could be located closer to population center. Much research still needs to be done on the economic 35 of noise reduction and noise effects. Although some of the effects of noise pollution are known, more must be discovered about its effects on health, productivity, property values and the quality of life. 36 , the cost of noise pollution control to the economy as a whole needs to be investigated. A．identification B．equip C．profitable D．capacity E．pollution F．restrictions G．transformed H．significant I．Furthermore J．acceptable K．modified L．Accordingly M．considering N．occur O．aspects

单选题 Researchers for Cornell University and Intel produced a chip called Loihi that reportedly makes computers think like biological brains, according to Daily Mail. The researchers created the circuit on the chip, mirroring organic circuits found in the olfactory bulbs (嗅球) of a dog's brain, which is how they process their sense of smell. The Loihi chip can identify a specific odor on the first try and even tell other background smells, said Intel, according to Daily Mail. The chip can even detect smells humans emit when sick with a disease—which vary depending on the illness—and smells linked to environmental gases and drugs. The key to sniffer dogs isn't their olfactory system alone, but their incredible ability to remember—this is why they're trained. Similarly, the artificial intelligence of the chip is trained to identify different smells and remember them, so that next time, it knows. The chip processes information just like mammal brains by using electrical signals to process smells. When a person smells something, the air molecules interact with nasal receptors that forward signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain. Then the brain translates the signals to identify which smell it's experiencing, based on memories of previous experiences with the specific smell. 'We are developing a method for Loihi to mimic (模仿) what happens in your brain when you smell something,' said Senior Research Scientist in Intel's Lab, Nabil Imam, in a statement, according to Daily Mail. Imam added that the work 'demonstrates Loihi's potential to provide important sensing capabilities that could benefit various industries.' So far, the researchers have trained it on ten harmful smells. It can be installed on robots in airports to help identify hazardous objects, or integrated with sensors in power plants or hospitals to detect dangerous gases. Similar biotechnology has seen the implementation in grasshoppers recently outfitted with computer chips to sniff-out bombs. However, this negatively affects their lifespan, limiting their use. While sniffer dogs might one day be out of a job, the circuits using AI to mimic the process of smell bring us one step closer to recreating the human sensory system in artificial intelligence.

单选题 风筝 古时在中国风筝也称作“鸢(hawk)”。春秋战国时期(the Spring and Autumn Period)，东周哲人墨子(Mo Tze)曾“费时三年，以木制木鸢，飞升天空”，但这只木鸢只飞了一天就坏了。墨子制造的这只“木鸢”就是世上最早的风筝，已有2400多年的历史。唐代时，风筝传入朝鲜、日本及其他周边国家。十三世纪末，风筝的故事首次被意大利探险家马可·波罗带到欧洲，至此，中国风筝便逐渐开始传到世界各地。

单选题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying 'All shall pass with time going by.' You can cite examples to illustrate the meaning of letting go of past glory and suffering in life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

单选题 Sensational at the time, Brown's counsel seems sensible now. Certainly both sexes have taken it to heart, marrying later, divorcing readily and living alone in larger numbers than ever before. In America more than half of all adults are single and roughly one out of seven lives alone. Worldwide, the number of solo dwellers has climbed from 153m in 1996 to 202m in 2006—a 33% jump in a decade, according to Euromonitor International, a market analyst. Yet little is known about the wider social effects of this unprecedented boom, writes Eric Klinenberg, a sociologist at New York University. His new book 'Going Solo' offers a comprehensive look at the lures and perils of living alone. Mr. Klinenberg parts with those who see the rise of solo living as yet another sign of the decline of civic society. Now that marriage is no longer the ticket to adulthood, a desire to live alone is perfectly reasonable, he writes. Young adults view it as a rite of passage, a period of personal growth before possibly settling down. Its cultural acceptance has helped to liberate women from bad marriages and oppressive families, granting them a space to return to civic life. Solitary living need not mean solitude. The author offers evidence that people who live alone are often more socially active than their cohabitating peers. The 'communications revolution' has allowed more people to experience the pleasures of social life from the comforts of home, and cities with high numbers of singletons enjoy a thriving public culture of bars, cafés and restaurants. Urban officials are now eager to lure professional singles—known to both work and play hard—in the hope that they will stimulate the local culture and economy. Living alone is easy enough for the young and solvent; less so for the elderly, frail and poor. Mr. Klinenberg came to this story while working on a book about the lethal Chicago heatwave of 1995, when hundreds of people died alone at home, out of touch with friends and neighbours. The trend for solo living can too easily morph into social isolation, particularly for men, who are less adept than women at making and sustaining connections. Other bugbears include loneliness, discrimination (in the workplace, the tax code and so on) and workaholism.

单选题 For anyone who is set on a career in fashion it is not enough to have succeeded in college. The real test is whether they can survive and become established during their early 20s, making a name for themselves in the real world where business skills can count for as much as flair (天赋) and creativity... Fashion is a hard business. There is a continuous amount of stress because work is at a constant breakneck speed to prepare for the next season's collections. It is extremely competitive and there is the constant need to cultivate good coverage in newspapers and magazines. It also requires continual freshness because the appetite for new ideas is insatiable (不知不足的). 'We try to warn people before they come to us about how tough it is', says Lydia Kemeny, the Head of Fashion at St. Martin's School of Art in London, 'and we point out that drive and determination are essential.' This may seem far removed from the popular image of trendy and dilettante (业余艺术爱好的) young people spending their time designing pretty dresses. That may well be what they do in their first year of study but a good college won't be slow in introducing students to commercial realities. 'We don't stamp on the blossoming flower of creativity but in the second year we start introducing the constraints of price, manufacturability, marketing and so on.' Almost all fashion design is done to a brief. It is not a form of self-expression as such, although there is certainly room for imagination and innovation. Most young designers are going to end up as employees of a manufacturer or fashion house and they still need to be able to work within the characteristic style of their employer. Even those students who are most avant-garde (先锋派) in their own taste of clothes and image may need to adapt to produce designs which are right for the mainstream Marks and Spencer type of market. They also have to be able to work at both the exclusively expensive and the cheap end of the market and the challenge to produce good design inexpensively may well be more demanding than where money is no object.