单选题The festive break is fast becoming a distant memory and for many, New Year fitness regimes are too. Despite 2.6m people starting diets on New Year's Day, research suggests that by the end of the week 92 percent of dieters gave up, 27 exercise and gorging on comfort food. Findings, 28 by weightloss firm XLS-Medical, suggest that the 29 majority are unsuccessful at sticking to their diets for more than five days a week. Two out of 10 dieters 30 they have their first diet relapse (退步) just four to five days in, with hunger cited as the main cause. Boredom and alcohol were 31 blamed for people failing to keep their health kick on track. Dr. Matt Capehorn, Clinical Director of the National Obesity Forum, 32 that just one day off from dieting can undo a week's worth of hard work. He told Female First: 'A healthy diet, aimed at losing l1b per week, relies on saving 3500 calories a week by having 500 calories less each day.' 'A day off the diet should mean that you eat the correct amount, but many dieters see it as an excuse to binge (大吃大喝) and have thousands of calories more than they need.' The results suggest that a 33 590,000 could already have 34 to stick to New Year diet resolutions. And a vast majority are unaware of the negative impact a single day off can have on their weight loss efforts. Yet 35 it was found only 5 percent of women stick to their diets until they've 36 their target weight. A. massive B. reached C. highlighted D. blamed E. shunning F. still G. released H. lost I. also J. admitted K. treated L. dieted M. overall N. vast O. failed

单选题 More and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can get substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may be the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch (键盘打孔)operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off (向……透露)the company that was being robbed. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid' of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (耍弄)the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.

单选题 Once the hard decisions have been made about how to treat a patient's cancer, doctors face an even more difficult question: how do you help patients deal with the side effects of treatment? The issue is a challenge for physicians because, unlike with cancer therapies, there are few scientific studies on the most effective ways to handle the side effects—including common symptoms such as poor sleep or fatigue. But addressing these seemingly common complications (并发症) is crucial for helping patients maintain their regular lifestyle, which in turn may even encourage the success of their cancer treatment. That's why Dr. Karen Mustian of the University of Rochester Medical Center decided to put a favorite practice of cancer survivors—yoga—to the test. In a paper, she will present at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (肿瘤学) (ASCO) annual meeting in June, Mustian designed a standardized program based on hatha yoga—a slow-moving form of the discipline—and tested its effect on improving the quality of life for cancer survivors. Called YOCAS, the four-week program involved sessions of hatha yoga twice a week for 75 minutes each, in combination with breathing exercises and meditation (冥想). Among the 410 participants, who were divided into yoga and traditional follow-up care groups, those practicing yoga recorded nearly double the improvement in sleep quality and reduction of fatigue compared to those not practicing yoga. They also reported better quality of life overall, Mustian says. For cancer physicians, the findings will be a welcome addition to their discussions with patients. 'Many patients ask about complementary (互补的) therapies, whether they are exercise or meditation or yoga,' says Dr. Douglas Blayney, medical director of the comprehensive cancer center at University of Michigan and president of ASCO. 'I often don't know what to tell them because there isn't a lot of science on these complementary therapies. Here is a scientific study showing benefit, so at least we can have some assurance in telling them that here is a yoga program, here are its characteristics and it has been shown to have beneficial effects on sleep and quality of life.'

单选题The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday. While elderly people 27 to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a (n) 28 effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research. Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 29 straight through the night. More sleep in old age, however, is 30 with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 31 if they slept for longer periods, he said. 'The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 32 well does not change,' Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego. 'It's 33 a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 34 . Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 35 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's 36 from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount we need at 75.' A. alert B. associated C. attracting D. cling E. continuing F. definitely G. different H. efficiently I. formally J. function K. mixed L. negative M. sufficient N. tend O. younger

单选题Would you be happier ff you spent more time discussing the state of the world and the meaning of life—and less time talking about the weather? It may sound counterintuitive (违反直觉的), but people who spend more of their day having deep discussions and less time engaging in small talk seem to be happier, said Matthias Mehl, a psychologist at the University of Arizona who published a study on the 28 . 'We found this so interesting, because it could have gone the other way—it could have been, 'Don't worry, be happy'—as long as you surf on the 29 level of life you're happy, and if you go into the essential depths you'll be unhappy,' Dr. Mehl said. But, he 30 , deep conversation seemed to hold the 31 to happiness for two main reasons: both because human beings are driven to find and create 32 in their lives, and because we are social animals who want and need to 33 with other people. 'By engaging in meaningful conversations, we manage to impose meaning on a(n) 34 pretty chaotic world,' Dr. Mehl said. 'And interpersonally, as you find this meaning, you bond with your interactive partner, and we know that interpersonal connection and integration is a core 35 foundation of happiness.' Dr. Mehl's study was small and doesn't 36 a cause-and-effect relationship between the kind of conversations one has and one's happiness. But that's the 37 next step, when he will ask people to increase the number of deep conversations they have each day and cut back on small talk, and vice versa. A. proposed B. contact C. otherwise D. shallow E. calculated F. subject G. prove H. planned I. connect J. love K. fundamental L. nevertheless M. meaning N. fantastic O. key

单选题 近年来，中国航天工业取得了巨大的进步。去年是中国航天的关键一年。这一年里中国航天发生了两件大事。其一就是中国发射了嫦娥四号月球探测器(probe)，使中国成为世界上首个在月球背面实现着陆的国家。另一件就是长征五号火箭发射成功，因为长征五号是中国新一代运载火箭，也是中国运载能力最大的火箭。长征五号火箭的成功发射将会为中国更多太空探险任务铺平道路。

单选题 Thanks to Science, You Can Eat an Apple Every Day A. Walk into a U.S. supermarket on any given day and you're pretty much guaranteed to find apples. In our globalized economy, we expect nothing less than to be able to consume our favorite fruits and vegetables all year, even when they're not in season locally. Placing strawberries from Mexico in your shopping cart in February and stocking up on kiwis (猕猴桃) from Chile in July—that's pretty much normal, even expected. B. But to buy an apple in March? That's a whole different story. We rarely need to go overseas for that. Only 5 percent of the apples consumed in the U.S. are imported, according to the U.S. Apple Association. That means most of our apples are picked from trees in Washington, New York, or Michigan—three of the country's largest apple-producing states—and they are picked during fall harvest. C. Harvest season for apples in the U.S. depends on the variety and the state, falling somewhere between early August and mid-November. So if it's March, your apple was likely harvested months ago. Yet it still tastes pretty fresh. This wasn't always the case. 'It's something we take for granted now,' says Chris Watkins, a professor of horticulture (园艺) at Cornell University and the director of Cornell's cooperative extension. During harvest season, Watkins and post-doctoral students drive a truck to farms all over New York State to collect apples and bring them back to their lab at Cornell. There they study how the apples react under different storage conditions. D. According to Watkins, we have a technology called Controlled Atmosphere (CA) storage to thank for being able to eat an apple whenever we please. In CA storage rooms, the temperature, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and humidity levels are adjusted to form hospitable hibernation environments for apples being stored after harvest. The perfect combination of temperature and gases, which differs for each variety, allows apples to stay fresh for longer after harvest than if they were simply refrigerated. Commercially refrigerating apples only preserves the fruit for a few months before it gets soft and dehydrated. And just keeping them in your home refrigerator? They'll likely only stay fresh for a few weeks. E. The concept of controlled atmosphere storage is not entirely new—modified atmosphere storage for food dates back to the 1800s. But the motivation of research for the facilities that we have today came from Cambridge University in the 1920s. The technique was improved when Robert Smock, a researcher in Cornell University, visited Cambridge in the late 1930s to observe the groundbreaking CA technology developed there. Smock, who studied post-harvest technologies for apples, pears, plums, and peaches, was trying to figure out how to extend the shelf life of the fruits. Smock brought what he learned back to New York and adapted CA to work for local apple varieties, focusing on how to make apples last until the spring. In his laboratory half-hidden in a barn near Cornell, Smock experimented by placing apples in sealed rooms at different temperatures and with various mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide to see how the fruit would respond. As a result of Smock's work, the first CA rooms in the U.S. were built in New York in the 1950s, and shortly after, the apple consumption season extended to the springtime nationwide. F. Controlled atmosphere is so widespread today that Watkins estimates that almost every apple you see in a grocery store out of season will have been, at some point in its lifetime, subjected to it. 'The apple industry as we know it today would not exist without CA,' Watkins says. G. The Crist family farm in the Hudson Valley, New York, is just one example. Jeff Crist is a fourth-generation apple farmer and storage facility manager at Crist Brothers Orchards. He estimates his family built their first CA storage facility shortly after Smock made his post-harvest research available for commercial use at Cornell, just an hour's drive away. At the orchard, 400,000 apple trees line different patches of the 550-acre property. The Crists grow apples for large retailers and grocery stores east of the Mississippi River from Florida to Maine—think Giant and Costco. H. And their storage facility allows them to get all of these apples to market when there's demand, not just in the fall. The Crists' CA storage facility has 30 rooms, each one 40- by 80-feet with 20-foot-high ceilings. The rooms are sealed with foam panels and lined with modem sliding doors. Each of the 30 controlled-atmosphere rooms can fit a bunch of apples—1,400,000 to be exact. The rooms fill up quickly during harvest time when employees bring in loads from the fields. I. Then, when the doors slide shut, Crist turns on the CA system right from his iPad. With the touch of his finger, he activates the coolers, lowers the oxygen in the room to about 1.5 to 2.5 percent (the oxygen around is about 21 percent), and adjusts the carbon dioxide, essentially putting the apples to sleep. When they're surrounded by less oxygen and more carbon than found in air, apples don't have enough energy to complete the ripening processes, says Jim Mattheis, a researcher at the USDA's Tree Fruit Research Laboratory located in Wenatchee, Washington. That's because like humans, apples breathe, taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. J. Sleepier apples have slower respiration rates and stay firm, colorful, flavorful and nutritionally dense for longer. The trick is to avoid bringing the oxygen levels too low, otherwise the apples will ferment. But not all apples ripen quite the same way, so figuring out the right way to do CA is kind of like a puzzle. 'Apples are like people—they are not all the same. One recipe for growing doesn't work with all the different varieties, and it's the same in the post-harvest environment,' Mattheis says. Some varieties are notoriously trickier to care for. For example, Honeycrisps are sensitive to low temperatures so you can't put them in cold environments right after they've been harvested. And Fujis don't always react well to high carbon dioxide levels, so you have to monitor them closely. K. With new apple varieties being developed frequently, post-harvest researchers like Watkins and Mattheis are hard at work. In their labs they test out what type of CA environment works best for these newly bred varieties. Then they take their research to growers like Crist so that when they open their CA rooms as the market demands, their apples are good-looking and tasty.

单选题Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow blindness. However, the U.S. Army has now 27 that glare from snow does not cause snow blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad 28 of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gaze continually 29 and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become 30 and the eye muscles ache. Nature 31 this irritation by producing more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in 32 quantity until vision blurs, then is 33 , and the result is snow blindness. Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects 34 on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is 35 . Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or 36 . In this way the problem ofcrossing a solid white terrain is overcome. A．landscape B．lost C．blurred D．increasing E．surveyed F．away G．determined H．arrested I．defined J．shifts K．obscured L．expanse M．offsets N．ahead O．sore