单选题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the chairman of the Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.

单选题The U. S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is 29 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most. 'All children are 30 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income. It is 31 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 32 ,' U. S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said. 'Despite the excellent work and deep 33 of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high-minority schools are unfairly treated across our country. We have to do better. Local leaders and educators will 34 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 35 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 36 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most'. Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 37 of President Obama's year of action. Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 38 of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools. A. announcing B. beneficial C. challenges D. commitment E. component F. contests G. critically H. develop I. distributing J. enhance K. entitled L. potential M. properly N. qualified O. retain

单选题Is technology changing our brains? A new study adds to a growing body of research that says it is. According to the study, a 27 shift in how we gather information and communicate with one another has touched off an era of rapid evolution that may 28 change the human brain as we know it. The impact of technology on our brain should not come as a 29 . Professional musicians have more gray matter in brain regions 30 for planning finger movements. And athletes' brains are bulkier in areas that 31 hand-eye coordination. That's because the more time you devote to a specific activity, the stronger the neural (神经系统的) pathways responsible for executing that activity become. So it makes 32 that people who process a constant stream of digital information would have more neurons dedicated to filtering (过滤) that information. To see how the Internet might be rewiring us, the brains of 24 adults were 33 as they performed a simulated Web search, and again as they read a page of text. During the Web search, those who reported using the Internet 34 in their everyday lives showed twice as much signaling in brain regions responsible for decision-making and complex reasoning, compared with those who had 35 Internet exposure. The findings suggest that Internet use enhances the brain's 36 to be stimulated, and that Internet reading activates more brain regions than printed words. A. abundant B. capacity C. control D. dramatic E. immediately F. limited G. monitored H. regularly I. responsible J. restrain K. scarcely L. sense M. stability N. surprise O. ultimately

单选题 Energy Crisis A. There's an energy crisis in America, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. Millions of us get up each morning already weary over what the day holds. 'I just can't get started.' People say. But it's not physical energy that most of us lack. Sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better diet. But in truth, people are healthier today than any time in history. I can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your body. What you're seeking is not physical energy. It's emotional energy. Yet, sad to say, life sometimes seems designed to exhaust our supply. We work too hard. We have family obligations. We encounter emergencies and personal crises. No wonder so many of us suffer from emotional fatigue, a kind of utter exhaustion of the spirit. B. And yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the unpleasant circumstances of their lives. Even as a child I observed people who were poor, or disabled, or ill, but who nonetheless faced life with optimism and vigor. Consider Laura Hillenbrand, who, despite an extremely weak body, wrote the best-seller Seabiscuit. Hillenbrand barely had enough physical energy to drag herself out of bed to write. But she was fueled by having a story she wanted to share. It was emotional energy that helped her succeed. C. Unlike physical energy, which is finite and diminishes with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringing. So how do you get it? You can't simply tell yourself to be positive. You must take action. Here are six practical strategies that work. Do something new D. Very little that's new occurs in our lives. The impact of this sameness on our emotional energy is gradual, but huge: It's like a tire with a slow leak. You don't notice it at first, but eventually you'll get a fiat. It's up to you to plug the leak—even though there are always a dozen reasons to stay stuck in your dull routines of life. That's where Maura, 36, a waitress, found herself a year ago. Fortunately, Maura had a lifeline—a group of women friends who meet regularly to discuss their lives. Their lively discussions spurred Maura to make small but nevertheless life altering changes. She joined a gym in the next town. She changed her look with a short haircut and new black T-shirts. Eventually, Maura gathered the courage to quit her job and start her own business. Here's a challenge: If it's something you wouldn't ordinarily do, do it. Try a dish you've never eaten. Listen to music you'd ordinarily tune out. You'll discover these small things add to your emotional energy. Reclaim life's meaning E. So many of my patients tell me that their lives used to have meaning, but that somewhere along the line things went stale. The first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and then do something about it. A case in point is Ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment banking. 'I mistakenly believed that all the money I made would mean something.' she says. 'But I feel lost, like a 22-year-old wondering what to do with her life.' Ivy's solution? She started a program that shows Wall Streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. In the process, Ivy filled her life with meaning. Put yourself in the fun zone F. Most of us grown-ups are seriously fun-deprived. High-energy people have the same day-today work as the rest of us, but they manage to find something enjoyable in every situation. A real estate broker I know keeps herself amused on the job by mentally redecorating the houses she shows to clients. 'I love imagining what even the most run-down house could look like with a little tender loving care,' she says. 'It's a challenge—and the least desirable properties are usually the most fun.' We all define fun differently, of course, but I can guarantee this: If you put just a bit of it into your day, you energy will increase quickly. Bid farewell to guilt and regret G. Everyone's past is filled with regrets that still cause pain. But from an emotional energy point of view, they are dead weights that keep us from moving forward. While they can't merely be willed away, I do recommend you remind yourself that whatever happened is in the past, and nothing can change that. Holding on to the memory only allows the damage to continue into the present. Make up your mind H. Say you've been thinking about cutting your hair short. Will it look stylish—or too extreme? You endlessly think it over. Having the decision hanging over your head is a huge energy drain. Every time you can't decide, you burden yourself with alternatives. Quit thinking that you have to make the right decision; instead, make a choice and don't look back. Give to get I. Emotional energy has a kind of magical quality; The more you give, the more you get back. This is the difference between emotional and physical energy. With the latter, you have to get it to be able to give it. With the former, however, you get it by giving it. Start by asking everyone you meet, 'How are you?' as if you really want to know, then listen to the reply. Be the one who hears. Most of us also need to smile more often. If you don't smile at the person you love first thing in the morning, you're sucking energy out of your relationship. Finally, help another person—and make the help real, concrete. Give a massage (按摩) to someone you love, or cook her dinner, Then, expand the circle to work. Try asking yourself what you'd do if your goal were to be helpful rather than efficient. After all, if it's true that what goes around comes around, why not make sure that what's circulating around you is the good stuff?

单选题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Children's Participation in Reality Shows. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

单选题 The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.