单选题We all know that emotions originate in the brain. But we usually talk about our emotions coming from our hearts. If someone you know doesn't give up 27 , you might say, 'He's got a lot of heart.' Then what about bad emotions? When you feel so sad that your heart 'aches,' could it actually be true? A new study shows what goes on in your mind can, literally, break your heart. In the study, just published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, researchers looking at more than 63,000 women who were participants in the 28 Nurses' Health Study, found that, those who reported basic symptoms of depression had a higher-than-normal 29 of heart attack. And women who were clinically depressed were more than twice as 30 as other women to suffer sudden heart attack. None of the participants had heart problems at the study's 31 , but nearly 8% had symptoms of depression. The researchers theorize that depression might have some direct physiological impact on the heart—like 32 it to work harder in the face of stress. Or it may be that the antidepressants (抗抑郁药) 33 to treat those with mood problems were associated with heart diseases; in the study, sudden heart attack was linked more 34 with antidepressant use than with women's symptoms of depression. No one is sure exactly how depression hurts the heart, and one 35 explanation is that a damaged heart and its consequent stress on the body might activate, somehow, genes or other physiological changes that 36 to depression. A. risk E. strongly I. causing M. easily B. plausible F. outset J. process N. make C. ongoing G. likely K. contribute O. possibly D. sum H. meaningful L. prescribed

单选题Hearing the name of an object appears to influence whether or not we see it, suggesting that hearing and vision might be even more intertwined than previously thought. Studies suggest that words and images are 32 coupled. What is not clear, says Gary Lupyan of the University of Wisconsin in Madison, is whether language and 33 work together to help you 34 what you're seeing, or whether words can actually change what you see. Lupyan and Emily Ward of Yale University used a technique called continuous flash suppression (CFS) on 20 volunteers to test whether a spoken prompt could make them detect an image that they were not 35 aware they were seeing. CFS works by 36 different images to the right and left eyes: one eye might be shown a simple shape or an animal, 37 the other is shown visual 'noise'. The noise monopolizes (垄断) the brain, leaving so little processing power for the other image, making it 38 . In a similar experiment, the team found that volunteers were more likely to detect specific 39 if asked about them. For example, asking 'Do you see a square?' made it more likely than that they would see a hidden 40 but not a hidden circle. James McClelland of Stanford University in California, who was not 41 in the work, thinks it is an important study. It suggests that sight and language are intertwined, he says. A. visible F. displaying K. shapes B. vision G. however L. tightly C. square H. while M. invisible D. consciously I. involved N. using E. usually J. interpret O. given

单选题 It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. You might tolerate the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a 'Be Kind to Other Drivers' campaign, otherwise, it may get completely out of hand. Road politeness is not only good manners, but also good sense. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behaviors. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it. However, improper politeness can also be dangerous. A typical example is the driver who waves a child across a crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learned to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that would give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can't even learn to drive, let alone be well-mannered on the road. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.

单选题 Seven Steps to a More Fulfilling Job A. Many people today find themselves in unfulfilling work situations. In fact, one in four workers is dissatisfied with their current job, according to the recent 'Plans for 2004' survey. Their career path may be financially rewarding, but it doesn't meet their emotional, social or creative needs. They're stuck, unhappy, and have no idea what to do about it, except move to another job. B. Mary Lyn Miller, veteran career consultant and founder of the Life and Career Clinic, says that when most people are unhappy about their work, their first thought is to get a different job. Instead, Miller suggests looking at the possibility of a different life. Through her book, 8 Myths of Making a Living, as well as workshops, seminars and personal coaching and consulting, she has helped thousands of dissatisfied workers reassess life and work. C. Like the way of Zen, which includes understanding of oneself as one really is, Miller encourages job seekers and those dissatisfied with work or life to examine their beliefs about work and recognize that 'in many cases your beliefs are what brought you to where you are today.' You may have been raised to think that women were best at nurturing and caring and, therefore, should be teachers and nurses. So that's what you did. Or, perhaps you were brought up to believe that you should do what your father did, so you have taken over the family business, or become a dentist 'just like dad.' If this sounds familiar, it's probably time to look at the new possibilities for your future. D. Miller developed a 7-step process to help potential job seekers assess their current situation and beliefs, identify their real passion, and start on a journey that allows them to pursue their passion through work. Step 1: Willingness to do something different. E. Breaking the cycle of doing what you have always done is one of the most difficult tasks for job seekers. Many find it difficult to steer away from a career path or make a change, even if it doesn't feel right. Miller urges job seekers to open their minds to other possibilities beyond what they are currently doing. Step 2: Commitment to being who you are, not who or what someone wants you to be. F. Look at the gifts and talents you have and make a commitment to pursue those things that you love most. If you love the social aspects of your job, but are stuck inside an office or 'chained to your desk' most of the time, vow to follow your instinct and investigate alternative careers and work that allow you more time to interact with others. Dawn worked as a manager for a large retail clothing store for several years. Though she had advanced within the company, she felt frustrated and longed to be involved with nature and the outdoors. She decided to go to school nights and weekends to pursue her true passion by earning her master's degree in forestry. She now works in the biotech forestry division of a major paper company. Step 3: Self-definition. G. Miller suggests that once job seekers know who they are, they need to know how to sell themselves. 'In the job market, you are a product. And just like a product, you most know the features and benefits that you have to offer a potential client, or employer.' Examine the skills and knowledge that you have, and identify how they can apply to your desired occupation. Your qualities will exhibit to employers why they should hire you over other candidates. Step 4: Attain a level of self-honoring. H. Self-honoring or self-love may seem like an odd step for job hunters, but being able to accept yourself, without judgment, helps eliminate insecurities and will make you more self-assured. By accepting who you are—all your emotions, hopes and dreams, your personality, and your unique way of being—you'll project more confidence when networking and talking with potential employers. The power of self-honoring can help to break all the falsehoods you were programmed to believe—those that made you feel that you were not good enough, or strong enough, or intelligent enough to do what you truly desire. Step 5: Vision. I. Miller suggests that job seekers develop a vision that embraces the answer to 'What do I really want to do?' one should create a solid statement in a dozen or so sentences that describe in detail how they see their life related to work. For instance, the secretary who longs to be an actress describes a life that allows her to express her love of Shakespeare on stage. A real estate agent, attracted to his current job because her loves fixing up old homes, describes buying properties that need a little tender loving care to make them more saleable. Step 6: Appropriate risk. J. Some philosophers believe that the way to enlightenment comes through facing obstacles and difficulties. Once people discover their passion, many are too scared to do anything about it. Instead, they do nothing. With this step, job seekers should assess what they are willing to give up, or risk, in pursuit of their dream. For one working morn, that meant taking night classes to learn new computer-aided design skills, while still earning a salary and keeping her day job. For someone else, it may mean quitting his or her job, taking out loan and going back to school full time. You'll move one step closer to your ideal work life if you identify how much risk you are willing to take and the sacrifices you are willing to make. Step 7: Action. K. Some teachers of philosophy describe action in this way, 'If one wants to get to the top of a mountain, just sitting at the foot thinking about it will not bring one there. It is by making the effort of climbing up the mountain, step by step, that eventually the summit is reached.' All too often, it is the lack of action that ultimately holds people back from attaining their ideals. Creating a plan and taking it one step at a time can lead to new and different job opportunities. Job-hunting tasks gain added meaning as you sense their importance in your quest for a more meaningful work life. The plan can include researching industries and occupations, talking to people who are in your desired area of work, taking classes, or accepting volunteer work in your targeted field. L. Each of these steps will lead you on a journey to a happier and more rewarding work life. After all, it is the journey, not the destination that is most important.

单选题 A very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit (居住于) this planet. The limited amount of land and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate. So why is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as 'Death Control'. You have no doubt heard of the term 'Birth Control'. 'Death Control' is something rather different. It recognises the work of the doctors and scientists who now keep alive people who, not very long ago, would have died of a variety of then incurable diseases. Through a wide variety of technological creations that include fanning methods and the control of deadly diseases, we have found ways to reduce the rate at which we die. However, this success is the very cause of the greatest threat to mankind. If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square metres. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the amount of usable land we actually have. More than three-fifths of the world's land cannot produce food. Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But we are not! Instead, we are consuming its 'capital'—its nonrenewable (不可再生的) fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share the earth with us. It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.

单选题What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 26 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 27 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 28 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior. Any research that suggests that 29 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 30 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 31 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 32 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture (养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 33 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 34 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 35 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning. A. abilities B. achieve C. appeal D. complaints E. contributions F. displayed G. essentially H. eventually I. extent J. indicates K. proceeds L. psychological M. raised N. smart O. standard

单选题Researchers have identified 1.4 million animal species so far—and millions remain to be discovered, named, and scientifically described. So how much would it actually cost to 26 every animal on Earth? A pair of Brazilian scientists has crunched (大量运算) the numbers and 27 up with an answer: $263 billion. That's way more than the $5 billion that famed Harvard University biologist Edward O. Wilson estimated back in 2000—and that was for every species on Earth, not just animals. But even $263 billion would be a 28 price to pay to understand the creatures that 29 such essentials as agriculture, fisheries, new drugs, and energy sources, says ornithologist (鸟类学家) Joel Cracraft of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. 'Literally, the world economy runs on biodiversity,' he says. 'People don't understand really, deeply how much we depend on biodiversity.' Most biologists agree that with extinction rates 30 and climate change looming, the 31 to document the planet's biodiversity—or biota (生物区) —is urgent, 32 considering the essential role these life forms play in crop pollination, clean air, and other aspects of human 33 . 'We are losing species by extinction faster than we are describing new species' according to some estimates, says biologist Antonio Marques, who 34 the new paper with Fernando Carbayo, both at the University of St. Paulo in Brazil. 'We have to know the biota to preserve and conserve the biota,' he says. Besides the money, another huge 35 to a complete understanding of the animal kingdom is a global shortage of taxonomists (分类学家), experts say. A. attempt B. cheaper C. classify D. coauthored E. come F. effort G. enable H. especially I. exactly J. identify K. obstacle L. small M. soaring N. well-being O. yet

单选题 下午茶 中国饮茶的传统可以追溯到公元前3000多年，但“下午茶”的概念却是到17世纪中叶(the mid 17th century)才在英国出现的。当时那里时兴的晚餐时间是晚上8点，所以一位公爵夫人(Duchess)养成了在下午4点约朋友吃糕点的习惯。很快下午茶成为当时的社会潮流。随着东西方文化交流的加深，这个英国传统逐渐进入中国。如今，下午茶在国内日渐流行起来，尤其是在广东和福建地区。

单选题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to send your apologies to one of your teachers because you were late. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

单选题 Scores of university halls of residences and lecture theatres in the UK were judged 'at serious risk of major failure or breakdown' and 'unfit for purpose', a secret database obtained after a legal battle by the Guardian reveals. Some of the most popular, high-ranking institutions, such as the London School of Economics, had 41% of their lecture theatres and classrooms deemed unsuitable for current use, while Imperial College London had 12% of its non-residential buildings branded 'inoperable'. At City University, 41% of the student apartments were judged unfit for purpose. Universities argue they have spent hundreds of millions in freshening them up since the judgments were made two years ago and use some of the buildings for storage purposes only. The government agency that holds the information, the Higher Education Funding Council for England (Hefce), was forced to reveal it after an information tribunal (法庭) ruled in the Guardian's favour, agreeing that it was in the public's interest for the data to be made public. Hefce is thought to have spent up to ￡50,000 trying to conceal the data from the Guardian, which requested it two and a half years ago. The newspaper's lawyer, Aidan Eardley, said the case would make it harder for government agencies to withhold information in future. The database, which aims to help universities compare the condition of their estate with their competitors, shows more than 90% of higher education institutions had at least 10% of their buildings judged below the 'sound and operationally safe' category. One in 10 institutions had at least 10% of their estate judged inoperable and at serious risk of major breakdown. Universities employ surveyors to judge the condition of their estate according to four categories: as new; sound and operationally safe; operational but in need of major repair and inoperable; posing a serious risk of major failure and breakdown. The surveyors also record whether buildings are suitable for student living, teaching and learning under four more categories, from 'excellent' to 'unsuitable for current use'. Property consultants who advise universities said that, at its most extreme, buildings deemed inoperable could break fire regulations, have leaks and rot.

单选题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?

单选题 中国中央电视台春节联欢晚会，简称为春晚，是每年农历除夕为庆祝农历新年而现场直播的重要晚会。自1983年首届春节联欢晚会在中央电视台播出以来，每年除夕之夜它都如期播出，这一传统一直延续至今。春晚在演出规模、演员阵容、播出时长和海内外收视率上创下了世界之最。春晚也成了大多数中国人每逢春节必看的电视节目，是中国除夕之夜的文化盛宴。