单选题 Child psychologists—and kindergarten teachers—have long known that when children first show up for school, some of them speak a lot more fluently than others. Psychologists also know that children's socioeconomic status tends to be closely connected with their language facility. The better off and more educated a child's parents are, the better vocabulary ability that child tends to have by school age—and vocabulary skill is a key predictor for success in school. Children from low-income families, who may often start school knowing significantly fewer words than their better-off peers, will struggle for years to make up that ground. Previous studies have shown that wealthier, educated parents talk to their young children more, using more complex vocabulary and sentences, than parents of lesser means. And these differences may help explain why richer kids start school with richer vocabularies. But what goes on before children can talk, during that phase—familiar to any parent—when communication takes the form of pointing, waving, grabbing and other kinds of baby sign language? Do well—off parents also gesture more to their kids? Indeed they do, say psychologists Susan Goldin-Meadow and Meredith Rowe of the University of Chicago. The researchers found that at 14 months of age, babies already showed a wide range of 'speaking' ability through gestures, and that those differences were closely linked with their socioeconomic background and how frequently their parents used gestures to communicate. High-income, better-educated parents gestured more frequently to their children to convey meaning and new concepts, and in turn, their kids gestured more to them. When researchers tested the same children at 54 months of age, they found that those early gesturers turned out to have better vocabulary ability than other students. At 14 months of age, researches say, pointing toward an object is the way most kids use gestures. If a parent responds to that gesture by identifying the object in words—by saying, 'That's a doll,' for example—children get a head start on growing their original vocabularies. 'That's a teachable moment, and mothers are teaching the kids the word for an object,' says Goldin-Meadow.

单选题 Educators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary for college students. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have permanent access to his or her own microcomputer. What advantages do computers offer the college students? Any student who has used a word processor will know one compelling reason to use a computer: to write papers. Although not all students feel comfortable composing on a word processor, most find revising and editing much easier on it. One can alter, insert, or delete just by pressing a few keys, thus eliminating the need to rewrite or re-type. Furthermore, since the revision process is less burdensome, students are more likely to revise as often as is necessary to end up with the best paper possible. For these reasons, many freshman English courses require the use of a word processor. Computers are also useful in the context of language courses, where they are used to drill students in basic skills. Software programs reinforce ESL (English as a Second Language) instruction, as well as instruction in French, German, Spanish, and other languages. By using these programs on a regular basis, students can improve their proficiency in a language while proceeding at their own pace. Science students take advantage of computers in many ways. Using computer graphic capabilities, for example, botany students can represent and analyze different plant growth patterns. Medical students can learn to interpret computerized images of internal body structures. Physics students can complete complex calculations far more quickly than they could without the use of computer. Similarly, business and accounting students find that computer spreadsheet programs are all but indispensable to many aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts, marketing, and public relations find that knowledge of computer graphic is important. Education majors learn to develop grading systems using computers, while social science students use computers for analyzing and graphically displacing their research results. It is no wonder, then, that educators support the purchase and use of microcomputers by students. A versatile tool, the computer can help students learn. And that is, after all, the reason for going to college.

单选题 中秋节(Mid-Autumn Festival)源自于人们对月亮的崇拜。我国是古老的农业国家，古人经长期观察认为，月亮的运行同农业生产和季节变化有很大关系，因此祭月就成了祈祷国家长治久安的一项重要祭祀活动。在长期的历史进程中，人们在祭月拜月的同时，又出现了赏月的习俗。中秋节成为固定的节日，大约是在唐代。北宋时期，中秋节已经成为普遍的民俗节日。

单选题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic EQ (Emotional Quotient). You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

单选题 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Every Coin Has Two Sides. You can cite examples to illustrate how you understand the above saying. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

单选题A. It's easy to be complacent (自满的，得意的) about weight and long-term health issues, especially when you're young, carefree and only living for tomorrow, but recent statistics provide a harsh wake-up call for teens and children. B. According to a report produced by the British Medical Association (BMA), the state of adolescent health in the UK is in a poor condition. A key problem is obesity, which is thought to be caused by a poor diet with too many high-fat, high-calorie foods, along with a lack of exercise. In fact, the report claims that excess body weight is 'now the most common childhood disorder in Europe', and a staggering one in five youngsters aged 13 to 16 are overweight and nearly one in five-15-year-olds are obese. C. The figures are worrying as being obese can cause both immediate and future serious health problems. These include the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease and type 2 diabetes. It's also the 'most impotrtant dietary factor in cancer', said a spokesperson for the British Nutrition Foundation (BNF), and can cause complications (并发症) during and after pregnancy. Type 2 diabetes used to only affect middle-aged people, but in recent years cases have been detected in teens as young as 13-year-old for the first time. This, in itself, is believed to be another direct factor linked to the rising levels of obesity. Health Implications D. Neville Rigby, from the International Obesity Task Force, expressed concern at the levels of teen obesity. 'It's very worrying because of the high' risk that people who are obese in their teenage years will continue to be in adulthood', he said. Putting things into perspective, he added, 'Children affected by obesity are likely to have a shorter lifespan than their parents.' E. As well as physical illness and disease, being obese or overweight can cause a range of psychological problems too. The BMA report highlighted that it can significantly affect well-being, 'with many adolescents developing a negative self-image and experiencing low self-esteem.' It can also lead to eating diseases, bullying, depression, and feelings of loneliness and nervousness. This is something that the charity Weight Concern is keen to emphasize. 'Obesity can have detrimental (有害的) effects on children's psychological well-being, ' said a spokesperson. 'Many overweight children report social difficulties, which in turn may contribute to anxiety and depression, and obese children are often subject to teasing and bullying. All this can have devastating effects on their self-esteem.' Weight Distribution F. Doctors use a measurement system called the body mass index (BMI) to assess whether people are a healthy weight, overweight or obese. It's worked out by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared. For example, if I am 1.7 meters tall and weigh 68 kilos. my BMI would be 23.5 (68 divided by 1.7×1.7), which fails into the desirable or healthy range. Adults (over 18) are overweight if they have a BMI of between 25 and 30, and they are obese if it's 30 or over. As well as BMI levels, the areas where the fat is deposited in the body is important, too, explained a spokesperson for the BNF. People who have extra fat around their middle, a body we call apple-shaped, are at a greater risk of some diseases than those who have most of the extra weight around their hips and thighs, or are pear-shaped. Prevention and Treatment G. When it comes to preventing and treating excess weight and obesity, experts believe a healthy balanced diet and regular exercise are crucial. The key to maintaining a good weight is to balance your energy intake and output, as weight is gained if you regularly eat more than you burn off. Obese children may require a specially developed program, said Weight Concern, which is likely to focus on healthy eating, exercise and social support. In the case of children, it's beneficial for the whole family to adopt healthier behaviors and it's important not to single out a child. H. Likewise, the Royal College of Paediatrics suggests parents should be actively involved in helping children manage their weight, and says obesity problems should be dealt with slowly, by making gradual changes to eating habits and physical activity. Losing weight can be tough, but although crash diets sometimes sound appealing, the Food Standards Agency stress that they don't work. Instead, their top tips for losing weight include eating the recommended five portions of fruit and vegetables each day, cutting down on sugary and fatty foods, opting for lower-fat versions of dairy products and increasing your intake of starchy foods. I. Increasingly inactive lifestyles and couch-potato tendencies, for example watching television and playing computer games, are thought to be contributors to obesity, so being more active is very helpful. The minimum recommended level of activity is at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity, five days a week. Moderate intensity means a state in which your breathing and heart rate are faster than normal. Siobhan Weir, physical activity program manager at the Health Protection Agency said, 'Getting people to take some moderate activity as opposed to being sedentary is likely to have the greatest beneficial effect on their health.' A good form of exercise for those who have been leading fairly inactive lives—and one that s tree—is walking, she says. 'Research shows that walking a mile briskly uses the same energy as running a mile and regular physical activity can reduce weight by as mush as one stone in three months. To really reap the benefits, aim to walk briskly so that you are feeling warmer and slightly out of breath.' If walking isn't for you, there's a whole range of other activities available, from team sports such as football, hockey or basketball, classes such as aerobics or sessions at the gym, to alternatives such as martial arts, yoga or tai chi. The key is to find something you enjoy and stick to it. J. It's easy to put off healthy eating habits and exercise, but the sooner we start, the better the outcome for our health. By starting at a young age, the chances are good habits will continue into the future, too.

单选题The greenhouse effect causes trouble by raising the temperature of the planet. The 30 rise is not very much, but the Earth's ecosystem is very weak, and small changes can have large effects. It has been believed that this 31 of one degree will happen by the year 2025. This could probably 32 the North American corn belt, which produces much of the world's grain, 33 to much higher food prices, and even less food for the Third World than they already have. However, it would also mean that some countries which are further north would be able to 34 crops they had never been able to before, although there is less land as you move north from the corn belt. The other serious worry is that rising sea levels from the melting of the polar ice could 35 flood many countries. A rise in sea levels of one meter, which many experts are 36 by the year 2100 (and some as soon as 2030), would flood 15 percent of Egypt, and 12 percent of Bangladesh. The Maldives in the Indian Ocean would almost 37 disappear. Most of the countries which would suffer most from a rise in sea levels are the poor 38 states, so the islands in the Caribbean, South Pacific, Mediterranean and Indian Ocean have formed the Alliance of Small Island States, AOSIS, so they have a 39 voice in international politics and can make the richer developed world listen to their problems. A. severely B. damage C. island D. critical E. grow F. mainland G. louder H. predicting I. rise J. completely K. geometry L. actual M. extending N. leading O. develop

单选题 假日经济(Holiday Economy)是在节假日期间的一种全民消费行为，十分有助于中国的经济增长。假日经济是伴随有中国特色的“黄金周”所出现的一种社会现象。由于人们生活观念的改变，更多人会选择利用七天的假期去旅游、购物、娱乐。全民消费刺激了旅游、零售、交通、影院、展览、体育和其他相关产业。这种经济模式既有益于人民也有利于国家。