阅读理解There are many different groups of migrant youth with (47)______ social and educational needs. The exact numbers of the (48)______ migrant population is very difficult to track. A 2001 study on migrant adolescents conducted for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health estimated that of the (49)______ two million migrants and (50)______ farm laborers, about 7 percent are between the ages of 14 and 17 . Among these adolescents is a large and growing (51)______ of single males. Some are recent immigrants, while others may be school dropouts. It is difficult to count dropout migrant youth due to their continuous (52)______ Currently, there is a gap in the services provided to (53)______ out-of-school migrant youth, ages 16-21 . To fill in this gap in services to migrant out-of-school youth, the Employment and Training Administration (ETA) at the Department of Labor, the Office of Migrant Education at the Department of Education, and the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service at the Department of Agriculture would work together to develop a (54)______ program. The model would (55)______ workforce development services, including job training activities, with basic education services designed for out-of-school migrant youth, including those with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) , and would provide these youth with an integrated plan of services and activities (56)______ to raise their educational skills and increase their employment opportunities. A) proportion I) seasonal B) adolescent J) collaborate C) identify K) pilot D) honorable L) conductor E) combine M) nearly F) assist N) mobility G) designed O) precious H) differing

阅读理解In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development?

阅读理解A family sustains, supports and nourishes the members throughout the span of that family. A strong family unit creates a safe, positive and supportive place for all members to grow up. They are able to use resources and to live together in a fairly healthy manner. The adults in a strong family set the tone. They are good role models that lead by example. They reach out to friends and community and teach their children the importance of doing the same. Some important elements of a strong family system are family cohesion, family flexibility and family communication. Cohesion — In families, cohesion would be defined as the feeling of being loved, of belonging to the group and being nurtured (养育) by it. Although closeness is good in a family unit, there must be a balance between being together and being separate. A person must be able to develop their individuality, while being supported and confident within the family. Flexibility — On one hand, there must be a structure in a family or it will become orderless and will not be a peaceful setting for a family. On the other hand, there must be flexibility or the family becomes rigid and the authority figures become resented. We could compare a successful family to a democracy. There are leaders, but the whole group is involved in the decision making process. Although the leaders are in charge, all members develop the ability to cope with stress, and at times lead. While the family works to avoid stressful situations, they work together to solve problems, without blaming, criticizing and finding fault with each other. Communication — A lack of communication can rip a family apart. Things that lead to communication are the things mentioned so far — family closeness, flexibility, time spent together. All members must feel a freedom within the group to express themselves freely. Another very important factor is the relationship between the "head" couple. A happy marriage extends itself from the family to the community and a healthy family will be reaching out to help others. They do not tend to isolate themselves from the rest of the world. A healthy, happy family benefits our whole society. Among the children of strong families there is less crime, less divorce and less emotional problems. They tend to go on and have strong, healthy families of their own, having learned from their folk''s example.

阅读理解The way in which people use social space (47)______ their social relationships and their ethnic identity. Early immigrants to America from Europe brought with them a collective (48)______ of living, which they retained until late in the 18th century. Historical (49)______ document a group-oriented existence, in which one room was used for eating, entertaining guests and sleeping. People ate soups from a communal pot, shared drinking cups, and used a common toilet. With the development of ideas about (50)______, people soon began to (51)______ to the use of individual cups and plates; the eating of meals that included meat, bread, and vegetables served on separate plates; and the use of private toilets. They began to build their houses with separate rooms to (52)______ guests—living rooms, separate bedrooms for sleeping, separate work areas—kitchen, laundry room, and separate bathroom. In Mexico, the meaning and organization of domestic space is (53)______ different. Houses are organized around a patio (天井，院子), or courtyard. Rooms open onto the patio, where all kinds of (54)______ activities take place. Individuals do not have separate bedrooms. Children often sleep with parents, and brothers or sisters (55)______ a bed, emphasizing familial interdependence. Rooms in Mexican houses are locations for multiple activities that, (56)______, are rigidly separated in the United States. Word Bank A) entertain B) as long as C) reflects D) shift E) domestic F) bring G) style H) organization I) professional J) in contrast K) strikingly L) records M) share N) performance O) individualism

阅读理解When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma''s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best. But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware (粗陶) -and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times. Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs -- one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier. Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company "has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend" toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television. Even dinner parties, ff they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it''s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a "real" dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time? Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents ("Chew with your mouth closed." "Keep your elbows off the table. ") must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.

阅读理解The Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods (47)______ an unprecedented(史无前例的) era of cultural prosperity. The atmosphere of reform and new ideas was (48)______ to the struggle for survival among warring regional lords who competed in building strong and loyal armies and in increasing economic production to ensure a broader base for tax collection. To (49)______ these economic, military, and cultural developments, the regional lords needed ever-increasing numbers of skilled, literate officials and teachers, the recruitment of whom was based on merit. Also during this time, commerce was stimulated through the introduction of coinage and technological improvements. Iron came into general use, making possible not only the (50)______ of weapons of war but also the manufacture of farm tools. Public works on a grand (51)______ —such as flood control, irrigation (灌溉) projects, and canal digging—were executed. Many different philosophies developed during the late Spring and Autumn and early Warring States periods that the era is often (52)______ as mat of the Hundred Schools of Thought. Many of the thinkers were intellectuals who, besides teaching their disciples, were employed as (53)______ to one or another of the various state rulers on the methods of government, war, and diplomacy. The body of thought that had the most enduring effect on (54)______ Chinese life was that of the School of Literati (儒家), often called the Confucian school in the West. Confucius, also called Kong Zi, or Master Kong, looked to the early days of Zhou rule for an ideal social and political order. He believed that the only way such a system could be made to work properly was for each person to act (55)______ prescribed relationships. "Let the ruler be a ruler and the subject a subject," he said, but he added that to rule properly a king must be virtuous (品德高尚的). To Confucius, the functions of government and social stratification were facts of life to be sustained by (56)______ values. Word Bank A) scale B) subsequent C) exert D) witnessed E) ethical F) forging G) regulation H) warning I) known J) reduce K) advisers L) attributed M) according to N) lead to O) effect

阅读理解Passage Two On average，American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school，eight hours more that they did in 1981.They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet (芭蕾舞)

阅读理解What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the U.S.?

阅读理解The five suggestions the author gives at the end of the passage are meant to encourage people to seek _________________ with the natural world.

阅读理解The view over a valley or a tiny village with thatched (草盖的) roof cottages around a church; a drive through a narrow village street lined with thatched cottages painted pink or white; the sight over the rolling hills of a pretty collection of thatched farm buildings — these are still common sights in parts of England. Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside. Thatching is in fact the oldest of all the building crafts practised in the British Isles (英伦诸岛). Although thatch has always been used for cottage and farm buildings, it was once used for castles and churches, too. Thatching is a solitary (独自的) craft, which often runs in families. The craft of thatching as it is practised today has changed very little since the Middle Ages. Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter. In fact, if we look at developing countries, over half the world lives under thatch, but they all do it in different ways. People in developing countries are often reluctant to go back to traditional materials and would prefer modern buildings. However, they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials. Their temporary mud huts with thatched roofs of wild grasses often only last six months. Thatch which has been done the British way lasts from twenty to sixty years, and is an effective defence against the heat.

阅读理解Is It really OK to eat food thats fallen on the floor? A)When you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat if you pick it up within five seconds? An food myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs wont have much chance to contaminate it

阅读理解In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition (学会) of each new skill— the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Parents vary greatly on their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”, If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach (说教). their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.

阅读理解Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future. The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types. Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system. When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the ear's movements. The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buyer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.

阅读理解Just about everyone has been on a (47)______ at one time or another, and millions of us have learned that the weight we lose is all too easily regained. Still few people question the wisdom of dieting. After all, we reason, the worst that can happen is that we''ll regain the weight we''ve lost—then we can simply go on a diet again. But some new research suggests there is a risk: yo-yo dieting may seriously (48)______ the body''s weight-control system. The more diets you go on, the harder it may become to lose weight. Ever worse, new (49)______ indicates that repeated (50)______ of losing and gaining weight may raise the risk of heart problem. This last possibility is especially (51)______. As part of a 25-year study that (52)______ 1959 men, researchers reported mat the men showing large up-and-down weight changes had twice the risk of heart disease as those with only small changes in weight. One paper from the Framingham Heart Study, which has monitored more than 5000 people for 40 years, also provides troubling information: people who lose ten percent of their body weight had about 20 percent (53)______ in risk of heart disease—but people who gained 150 to 135 pounds, and back to 150 again, could leave you with a higher heart-disease risk man you started with. None of this means that dieting is (54)______ or foolish. For those who are 20 percent or more overweight, mere are good reasons to reduce: successful weight loss can (55)______ blood pressure, help control blood sugar in diabetics(糖尿病患者) and enable people to feel better about themselves. But the new research does suggest that dieting must be taken seriously by people at any weight. It also means dieting alone is not the best way to weight control. When a weight-loss program includes exercise, you lose more fat and less muscle, and you''re not likely to gain the weight back. That''s because exercise may help resist the (56)______ changes that tend to come from yo-yo dieting. Word Bank A) concept B) reduction C) theory D) diet E) disturbing F) ineffective G) overall H) evidence I) physical J) monitored K) predict L) distort M) accurate N) lower O) cycles

阅读理解Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that''s not what I did. I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts (文科) university that doesn''t even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren''t studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them. I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering "factories" where they didn''t care if you had values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist (人文学者) all in one. Now I''m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile (协调) engineering with liberal-arts courses in college. The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don''t mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.

阅读理解Climate change has brought about such problems as bleaching-induced (47)______ of corals. Bleaching occurs when corals are stressed by high temperature or other (48)______ changes, and lose their symbiotic algal cells. When they lose these cells, which provide the corals with essential (49)______ and give them their color, they can die. Reefs are important for livelihoods, and fisheries and tourism, and are the main (50)______ along the eastern African coast as well as (51)______ many of the islands of the Western Indian Ocean. In college during the 70s, I joined an expedition to the Malindi Marine Park -- one of the first MPAs (marine protected areas) to be established in Africa-where we (52)______ in a well-protected reef. But over the years, that reef has been completely devastated by the bleaching. It was truly (53)______ to see such a vibrant and healthy reef reduced almost to the status of an unprotected one. Recently, coral reefs have received a great deal of attention, especially following the 1997/ 1998 bleaching event that (54)______ 70 percent of the reefs of the region. Through a regional task force, a coral reef strategy with an emphasis on MPAs is (55)______ under development. Countries in the region are also involved in a (56)______ reef research project to better understand the impacts of coral bleaching. A) depressed I) dove B) nutrients J) depressing C) devastated K) mortality D) morality L) available E) environmental M) currently F) globally-targeted N) gloomily G) desperately O) fringing H) ecosystem

阅读理解As regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known English class system. This is an embarrassing subject for English people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less, and the class system less rigid. But it still exists below the surface. Broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the "middle class" and the "working class." (We shall ignore for a moment the old "upper class," including the hereditary (世袭的) aristocracy, since it is extremely small in numbers; but some of its members have the right to sit in the House of Lords, and some newspapers take a surprising interest in their private life.) The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds. The working class consists chiefly of manual (体力的) and unskilled workers. The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. Middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of "received pronunciation (英语的标准发音) " which is the kind of English spoken by BBC announcers and taught to overseas pupils. Typical working-class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated. One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the two-class education system. To have been to a so-called "public school" immediately marks you out as one of the middle class. The middle classes tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured. Their midday meal is "lunch" and they have a rather formal evening meal called "dinner," whereas the working man''s dinner, if his working hours permit, is at midday, and his smaller, late-evening meal is called supper. As we have said, however, the class system is much less rigid than it was, and for a long time it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions. Working-class students very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions, and working-class incomes have grown so much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear. However, regardless of one''s social status, certain standards of politeness are expected of everybody, and a well-bred (有教养的) person is polite to everyone he meets, and treats a laborer with the same respect he gives an important businessman. Servility (卑屈) inspires both embarrassment and dislike. Even the word "sir," except in school and in certain occupations (e.g. commerce, the army, etc.) sounds too servile to be commonly used.

阅读理解There are tons of stories behind Stonehenge, involving everything from Merlin to aliens. Stonehenge is a megalithic monument on the Salisbury Plain in England, about 85 miles southwest of London. It (47)______ of a ditch and bank surrounding huge stones — (48)______ in circle and horseshoe patterns, along with a lane connecting it to the nearby River Avon. It is said that the (49)______ began around 3,000 B.C. and continued until about 1,100 B .C. Unfortunately, the people who built Stonehenge didn''t leave much evidence of why they built this (50)______ structure. So writers and researchers through the ages have pondered the stones and (51)______ their own stories about this prehistoric creation. The most common theories suggest Stonehenge is an astronomical calendar, a religious site, or a (52)______ of the two. From John Aubrey in the 17th century to William Stukeley in the 18th century to Sir J. Norman Lockyer and Gerald Hawkins in the 20th century, scholars have found that the position of Stonehenge''s earthworks and stones coincides with solstices and cycles of the moon. But these (53)______ have interpreted this information differently. Early theorists believed the Celtic priesthood called the Druids built Stonehenge as a temple, but there are no records of Druids existing in the same time period that Stonehenge was created. However, other (54)______ peoples could have built Stonehenge as a temple that (55)______ the solstices as holy days. The great attraction of Stonehenge is still a (56)______ . We may never know why 25 generations of people labored to create this massive and awe-inspiring structure. Word Bank A) combination I) scholars B) construction J) shed C) ancient K) come up with D) contract L) marked E) massive M) mystery F) commanding N) insist on G) consists O) arranged H) orderly

阅读理解EI Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange(47) _________ happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风) , which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in (48) _________ , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃. The, warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe (49)_________ thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, (50) _________ floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and (51) _________. EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most (52) _________ weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds (53) _________ of damage. The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists (54) _________ this to be the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years. Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an EI Nino will (55) _________ , but they are still not (56) _________ sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be. Word Bank [A] estimate [F] phenomenon [K] starvation [B] strength [G] stable [L] bringing [C] deliberately [H] attraction [M] exhaustion [D] notify [I] completely [N] worth [E] tropical [J] destructive [O] strike

阅读理解Questionsare based on the following passage