阅读理解Lance Armstrong is thirty-three years old and is one of the best athletes in the world. Scientists say his body operates better than the (47) person. For example, his heart can (48) more than two hundred times a minute. It pumps an extremely large amount of blood and oxygen to his legs. Edward Coyle, head of the Human Performance Laboratory at the University of Texas in Aus tin, tested Armstrong five times from 1992 until 1995. Each time, the cyclist rode a (49) bike for twenty-five minutes with the work rate increasing every five minutes. Scientists measured Armstrong''s (50) against the amount of oxygen he breathed. Doctor Coyle discovered an 8% increase in Armstrong''s muscle power. Doctor Coyle (51) Armstrong might have developed more of a certain kind of muscle during his seven years of training. Doctor Coyle also discovered that Armstrong was able to reduce his body weight and body fat before his Tour de France victories. This enabled him to increase his power in relation to his body weight by 18%. Doctor Coyle says the results of the (52) show that long-term training has more of an effect on athletes than scientists thought. Lance Armstrong is (53) in another way. In 1996, when he was twenty-five, he discovered he had cancer of the testicles (睾丸), which had spread to his lungs and brain. Armstrong received chemical (54) and several operations on his brain. After he (55) , he began training a gain in 1998. The next year he won his first Tour de France race. Many people who have (56) and are living with cancer believe he is a hero. WORD BANK A) bite I) performance B) study J) recovered C) average K) fixed D) suspected L) departed E) exercise M) frequent F) beat N) treatment G) unique O) breakthrough H) survived

阅读理解Did the Ancient Greeks and Romans have a sense of fashion? Historians of dress have traditionally claimed that fashion in the modern sense did not exist in Greece and Rome, but this assertion rests upon a misconception of rather sophisticated Greco Roman attitudes toward physical appearance, as well as upon definitions of "dress" and "fashion" that are too limited. As is abundantly clear from their art and literature, the ancients attached great importance to ideals of bodily perfection and to outward appearance in general. Both the Greeks and the Romans demonstrated, from their earliest history, an extraordinary awareness of the potential of the body (and various modifications that could be made to it) as a means of marking social, political, religious, and even moral distinctions, aside from the opportunities dress and body decoration represent for self-expression or the pursuit of beauty. The ancients manipulated the expressive potential of clothing and adornments in a myriad of contexts: in their rituals, in theatre, and in the political arena, as well as in literature. There is also considerable evidence of innovation, experimentation, and the determined expression of personal style, even in Republican Rome where societal norms or expectations were ostensibly rigid in regard to clothing, correct grooming, or the use of jewelry, per fume or cosmetics. "Fashion" may be said to encompass ally of four forms. First, there is a conscious manipulation of dress that strives for effect, a "momentary instance" of fashion, "fashion statement" or "fad". Second, fashion may designate innovations in dress that are more enduring than simple fads. Some of these changes occur abruptly, whether due to political upheavals, economic fluctuations, or even the sudden abundance or scarcity of certain materials; other innovations may develop more deliberately. Third is the phenomenon where by styles in a particular area of dress change swiftly and repeatedly, with the new ones re placing the old in rapid succession. Finally, fashion may refer specifically to the use of such adornments as cosmetics, fragrance, and jewelry, whose primary purpose is to enhance a wearer''s natural features. Primarily considered the preserve of women, this aspect also plays a significant role in, he lives of men, especially in the male-dominated societies of Greece and Rome, in which the "correct" appearance was often a necessary prerequisite to a man''s political success.

阅读理解What do people tend to do about new year resolutions?

阅读理解PassageOne The report says Americas urbanization will continue to be the most significant issue affecting the industry, as cities across the country imitate the walkability and transit-oriented development making cities like New York and San Francisco so successful

阅读理解Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships. Occasionally the movement of a family away from a situation which has been the source of Conflict results in greater family organization, but on the whole mobility is disorganizing. Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social status, and the movement of ideas. These are termed respectively spatial(空间的), vertical, and ideational(概念的)mobility. A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in rail and water’ transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes, values, and ways of thinking within a family way, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife, and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules. One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in the proportion of sons, and to some extent daughters, who engages in occupations other than those of the parents. Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarriage between social classes. This occurs almost exclusively between classes which are adjacent(邻近的)to each other. Engaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with ways of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children. The increase in ideational mobility is measured by the increase in publications, such as news papers, magazines, and books, the increase in the percentage of the population owning radios, and the increase in television sets. All these tend to introduce new ideas into the home. When individual family members are exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.

阅读理解What does the author say about midlife today?

阅读理解Team Nutrition is a program that tries to __________ in making school lunch healthy and fun.

阅读理解Looked at one way, it is faintly ludicrous that Sir David Frost should be writing his autobiography already. That he should have written just the first 30 years'' worth might be thought strange. Here he is, not yet 55 years old, producing a volume of 520 pages that takes us no further than 1969. It is, true, the period of his life that established his name and fortune, that swift rise from undergraduate cabaret turn to star host on both sides of the Atlantic, joint founder of an ambitious ITV company and long since able to invite show business stars, business tycoons and a British Prime Minister to breakfast at three days'' notice. (An event recalled in his book with such empty difference that you cannot decide whether the comprehensive name-dropping is intended to impress or just a habit.) And yet David Frost, a significant figure in British television, certainly in the rapidly changing environment of the 1960''s, remains something of a mystery. Never far from positions of influence, wealthier from his broad casting activities than all but the biggest moguls (重要人物), he is in many ways on the edge of things. His book, like his career perhaps, is as fascinating as it is unsatisfactory. The length is due to its liberal resort to programme transcripts, which yield verbatim (照字面的) exchanges with his many interviewees as well as detailed recall of the highs and lows of That Was The Week That Was and the scripting process that achieved them. The private Frost is to be caught only in passing, as he remains true to his preface:" Where there was a choice between a 60s tale and a personal one. I have tried always to include the former. The outcome is, I think, an insider''s book, dependent on remembering the times or knowing the people. But at that level, it is highly suggestive of its era, offers a view from a unique angle, yields some new insights—into the formation of London Weekend Television, for instance—and earns its place in the history of British television. Like its author.

阅读理解Canada''s Competition Bureau has some new guidelines governing on-line advertising and marketing that businesses with websites should keep in mind when making claims about products and services. On February 18, 2003, the Bureau clarified the rules relating to on-line advertising and marketing in an Information Bulletin addressing the application of the Competition Act to representations on the Internet. The Competition Act basically sets out rules relating to misleading representations and deceptive marketing practices. The Bulletin was issued to foster obedience with the Competition Act and ensure greater fairness, predictability and transparency in its application to representations made on the Internet. Specifically, it contains criminal and civil provisions that prohibit misleading representations and deceptive marketing practices related to products or services. Any representation that is false or misleading in a "material respect" is prohibited. As determined by the courts, a representation is deemed misleading in a material respect if it conveys a false impression to the ordinary citizen and would likely influence his or her decision to purchase the product. Although the Bulletin is not legally binding on the Competition Bureau, it sets out the Bureau''s position that the Competition Act applies equally to false or misleading representations regardless of the medium in which they are made. The rules set out in the Competition Act will be applied in a manner that is neutral--neither biasing business activity to ward or away from the Internet. The Competition Bureau is of the opinion that responsibility for false or misleading advertisements lies with the person who "causes" the representation to be made. In the on-line context, this would typically be the business that controls the content of the website and for whom the website is made available. The Bulletin provides guidance to businesses operating websites and presents the Bureau''s opinion on the application of the Competition Act to representations made on line. Obviously, determining whether or not a particular representation is false or misleading will depend on all of the circumstances surrounding the representation. Businesses concerned about the potential application of the provisions on misleading representations and deceptive marketing practices in the Competition Act to their websites should consult with their legal advisor.

阅读理解What causes earthquakes? The earth is formed of layers. The surface of the earth, about 100 kilometers thick, is made of large pieces. When they move against each other, an earthquake hap pens. A large movement causes a violent earthquake, but a small movement causes a mild one. Earthquakes last only a few seconds. The rolling movements are called seismic waves. The seismic waves start in one place, called the epicenter, and roll outward. A seismic wave travels around the earth is a about twenty minutes. Usually, an. earthquake is strong enough to cause damage only near its epicenter. However, epicenters at the bottom of the ocean create huge sea waves as tall as 15 meters. These waves cross the ocean in several hours. Rushing toward land, they destroy small islands and ships in their path. When they hit land, they flood coastal areas far from the epicenter of the earthquake. In 1868, a wave reached 4.5 kilometers inland in Peru. In 1896, a wave in Japan killed 27,000 people. After an earthquake happens, people can die from lack of food, water, and medical supplies. The amount of destruction caused by an earthquake depends on where it happens, what time it happens, and how strong it is. It also depends on types of buildings, soil conditions, and population. Of the 6000 earthquakes in the world each year, only about fifteen cause great damage and many deaths. In 1556, an earthquake in northern China killed 830,000 people--the most in history. There was no way to measure its strength. In 1935, scientists started using the Richter Scale to measure seismic waves. A seriously destructive earthquake measures 6.5or higher on the Richter Scale. How can scientists predict earthquakes? Earthquakes are not just scattered anywhere but happen in certain areas, places where pieces of the earth''s surface meet. This pattern causes them to shake the same places many times. For example, earthquakes often occur on the west coasts of North and South America, around the Mediterranean Sea, and along the Pacific coast of Asia. Another way to predict earthquakes is to look for changes in the earth''s surface, like a sudden drop of water level in the ground. Some people say animals can predict earthquakes. Before earthquakes, people have seen chickens sitting in trees, fish jumping out of the water, snakes leaving their holes, and other animals acting strangely. On February 4, 1975, scientists predicted an earthquake in northeastern China and told people in the earthquake zone to leave the cities. More than a million people moved into the surrounding countryside, into safe, open fields away from buildings. That afternoon, the ground rolled and shook beneath the people''s feet, In seconds, 90 percent of the buildings in the city of Haicheng were destroyed. The decision to tel1 the people to leave the cities saved 10,000 lives. However, more than a year later, on July 28, 1976, the scientists were not so lucky. East of Beijing, Chinese scientists were discussing a possible earthquake. During their meeting, the worst earthquake in modern times hit. Estimates of deaths ranged from 250,000 to 695,000. The earthquake measured 7.9 on the Richter Scale. Earthquakes often come together with volcanic eruptions. In late 1984, strong earthquakes began shaking the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia every day. On November 14, 1985, it erupted. A nearby river became a sea of mud that buried four towns. This disaster killed more than 2100 people, Mexico City has frequent earthquakes. An earthquake there on September 19, 1985, measured 8.1 on the Richter Scale and killed 7000 people. Most victims died when buildings fell on them. San Francisco, California, also has frequent earthquakes. However, newer buildings there are built to be safe in earthquakes. Therefore, when all earthquake measuring 7.1 on the Richter Scale hit northern California on October 17, 1989, only 67 people were killed. The earthquake hit in the afternoon, when thousands of people were driving home from work. Freeways and bridges broke and fell. Buried under the layers of the Oakland Freeway, people were crushed in their flattened cars. Explosions sounded like thunder as older buildings seemed to burst apart along with the freeways. As the electric power lines broke from the falling bridges and buildings, the sky, covered with huge clouds of black dust, appeared to be filled with lightning. Water rushed into the streets from broken pipes and mixed with gas from broken gas lines, causing more explosions. Emergency workers had to cope with medical problems. Everyone worked together to save survivors and comfort victims. The next day, the disaster sites looked terrible. Victims couldn''t find their houses, their cars, or even their streets. Boats were destroyed, and debris covered the surface of the sea. There was no water, no electricity, no telephone, only the smell of garbage floating in melted ice in refrigerators open to the sun, Losses and property. damage from the earthquake amounted to millions of dollars. Seismology is the study of earthquakes, and a seismologist is a scientist who observes earthquakes. Seismologists have given us valuable knowledge about earthquakes. Their equipment measures the smallest vibration on the surface of the earth. They are trying to find ways to use knowledge about earthquakes to save lives and to help solve the world''s energy shortage. The earth''s natural activity underground creates energy in the form of heat. Geothermal means earth heat. This geothermal energy could be useful. However, if we take natural hot water out of the earth in earthquake zones, we might cause earthquakes. People live in earthquake zones because of natural beauty, productive soil, and large existing centers of population. However, people who live there should expect earthquakes. They should be prepared to protect their lives and property. They must build safer buildings and roads. Hospitals and electric power stations must be built as far as possible from probable earthquake sites. When an earthquake starts, people must run to open ground or stay in protected areas like doorways or even bathtubs. If seismologists could predict earthquakes, we could save about 20,000 human lives each year. Humans can control many things about nature, but we cannot control earthquakes.

阅读理解Hurricane (飓风) Hurricane is a name given to violent storms that originate over the tropical (热带的) or subtropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, or North Pacific Ocean east of the International Date Line. Such storms over the North Pacific west of the International Date Line are called typhoons (台风); those elsewhere are known as tropical cyclones (热带气旋), which is the general name for all such storms including hurricanes and typhoons. These storms can cause great damage to property and loss of human life due to high winds, flooding, and large waves crashing against shorelines. The deadliest natural disaster in the United States history was caused by a hurricane that struck the coast of Texas in 1990. The costliest natural disaster in U.S. history stemmed from Hurricane Katrina in 2005. How hurricanes form Oceans can become warm enough in the summer for hurricanes to develop, and the oceans also retain summer heat through the fall. As a result, the hurricane season in the Atlantic Basin, which comprises the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico, runs from June 1 through November 30. At least 25 out-of-season storms, however, have occurred from 1887 through 2003, and 9 of these strengthened into hurricanes for at least a few hours. Hurricanes weaken and die out when cut off from warm, humid air as they move over cooler water or land but can remain dangerous as they weaken. Hurricanes and other tropical cyclones begin as disorganized clusters of showers and thunderstorms. When one of these clusters becomes organized with its winds making a complete circle around a center, it is called a tropical depression (热带低气压). When a depression''s sustained winds reach 63 km/h or more, it becomes a tropical storm and is given a name. By definition, a tropical storm becomes a hurricane when winds reach 119 km/h or more. For a tropical depression to grow into a hurricane, winds from just above the surface of the ocean to more than 12,000 m in altitude must be blowing from roughly the same direction and at the same speed. Winds that blow in opposite directions create wind shears-different wind speeds or direction at upper and lower altitudes (海拔)—that can prevent a storm from, growing. Characteristics of hurricanes A hurricane consists of bands of thunderstorms that spiral (盘旋) toward the low-pressure center, or "eye" of the storm. Winds also spiral in toward the center, speeding up as they approach the eye. Large thunderstorms create an "eye wall" around the center where winds are the strongest. Winds in the eye itself are nearly calm, and the sky is often clear. Air pressures in the eye at the surface range from around 982 hectopascals (百帕) in a weak hurricane to lower than 914 hectopascals in the strongest storms. In a large, strong storm, hurricane-force winds may be felt over an area with a diameter of more than 100 km. The diameter of the area affected by gale winds and torrential rain can extend another 260 km or more outward from the eye of the storm. The diameter of the eye may be less than 16 km in a strong hurricane to more than 48 km in a weak storm. The smaller the diameter of the eye, the stronger the hurricane winds will be. A hurricane''s strength is rated from Category 1, which has winds of at least 119 km/h, to Category 5, which has winds of .more than 249 km/h. These categories, known as the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale, were developed in the 1970s. In the tropics, hurricanes move generally east to west, steered by global-scale winds. Hurricane, typhoons, and cyclones usually "recurve" in the direction of either the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere or the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere. Eventually the storms move toward the east in the middle latitudes, but not all storms recurve. Hurricanes travel at varying rates. In the lower latitudes the rate usually ranges from 8 to 32 km/h, and in the higher latitudes it may increase to as much as 80 km/h. In addition to generating large weaves that travel out in all directions, hurricane winds pile up water. This piling up of water is known as a storm surge, and it can raise the sea level more than 6 m when the storm hits land. The deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history was the 1990 Galveston Texas hurricane, which killed an estimated 8,000 people. The storm surge accounted for most of the deaths. The costliest natural disaster in U.S. history was caused by the storm surge, created by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The hurricane''s storm surge burst levees protecting New Orleans, Louisiana, flooding the city and forcing a complete evacuation. The worst tropical storm disaster since the 20th century began was a 1970 cyclone that struck East Pakistan when a storm surge killed an estimated 300,000 people. Since the last third of the 20th century, floods and landslides from heavy rain were the leading cause of hurricane and tropical storm deaths. In October 1998 Hurricane Mitch''s torrential rain caused floods and landslides that killed more than 9,000 people with another 9,000 missing and presumed dead in Central America, according to the U.S. National Hurricane Center. Although the hurricane death toll steadily declined in the United States during the 20th century and at the start of the 21st century, the costs of damage soared as coastal populations grew and the value of property exceeded population, growth. Before Hurricane Katrina, the costliest U.S. natural disaster was Hurricane Andrew, which hit the Miami, Florida, metropolitan area in 1992, causing $26. 5 billion in damages, including both insured and uninsured losses. Some estimates of Hurricane Katrina''s damages ran as high as $125 billion. In addition, federal relief efforts were expected to cost in the hundreds of billions. Hurricanes and global warming In recent years concerns have arisen that a general warming of the Earth''s climate could increase the numbers or strength of hurricanes and tropical cyclones. In a January 2001 report the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said it had found no evidence that peak wind speeds or amounts of precipitation (降水量) in tropical cyclones had increased in the last half of the 20th century. Long-term records do not provide enough information to conclude whether the global total of tropical cyclones increased during the 20th century. But detailed records of Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico hurricanes show that the numbers of storms increase and decrease in cycles. Many hurricane researchers think the cycles are related to changes in Atlantic Ocean temperatures that last decades. From the late 19th century through the 1980s about one-third of the major hurricanes that formed in the Atlantic hit the United States, which means around ten such hurricanes could have been expected to hit from 1995 through 2003. Yet for reasons atmospheric scientists do not understand, only three such hurricanes hit the United States from 1995 through 2003. Researchers who study hurricanes and climate say that the computer models used to predict global climate changes do not look at weather in the detail needed to forecast whether a warmer world would increase the number or strength of hurricanes. On the other hand, scientists have no reason to expect fewer or weaker hurricanes to form than has occurred in the past. They also have no reason to think that many storms will miss the United States as they did in the 1990s and early 2000s. This means that no matter how global climate change affects hurricanes, increased population along the coasts places more people and property in harm''s way.

阅读理解Passage Three The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one

阅读理解The law is great mass of rules, showing when and how far a man is (47) to be punished, or to be made to hand over money or property to his neighbors, and so (48) These rules are contained in books. A lawyer learns them in the main (49) reading books. He begins by doing little else than read, and after he has prepared himself by, say, three years'' study to practise, (50) , all his life long and almost every day, he will be looking into books to read a little more than he ,already knows about some new question which he has to answer. The (51) to use books, then, is a talent which the would be lawyer ought to possess. He ought to have enough flexibility and fineness of menial fibre to make it easy for him to collect ideas from (52) words. He ought to have some (53) in finding what a book contains, and something of an instinct for where to look for what he wants. But (54) this is the power of which he will first feel the need, it is not the most important. A lawyer does not study law to (55) it; he studies it to use it and act upon the rules which he has learned in real life. His business is to try cases in court and to advise men what to do in order to keep out or get out of (56) . He studies his books in order to advise and to try his cases in the right way. WORD BANK A) power I) although B) still J) trouble C) printed K) forth D) possible L) readiness E) liable M) nevertheless F) through N) force G) recite O) published H) plight

阅读理解Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recor ompared with their male counterparts. christopher intagliata report.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导), and have better odds of being hired. studies nigher starting also perceived as more competent than women in stem(science, technology, enging,and Mathematics) fields. and new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters ofnbsp;recommendation, too.quot;Say, you know, this is the best student I#39;ve ever had, quot;says kuheli dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at columbia university#39;s lamont campus.nbsp;quot;compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: #39;the candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that#39;s clearly.solid praise, #39;but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional ot one of a kind.quot;Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctor at positions in geoscience.they were all edited for gender and other idetifying information,so dutt and her team could assign them a scoer without knowing the gender of the student. they found that and women, th udes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes,he findings are in the ioumal nature geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualificatif the apsing the data in the files. but she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at apotential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than out-standing letters of recommendation.we re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone conscious.Its of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias.be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level quot;which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.

阅读理解What can we infer from the passage about the author?

阅读理解"Tear''em apart!" "Kill the fool!" "Murder the referee (裁判)!" These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let''s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含义) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term "opponent" as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms. The dictionary meaning of the term "opponent" is "adversary"; "enemy"; "one who opposes your interests." Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one''s intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player''s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed, "Are they wet enough now?" In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent''s intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior. Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated (提升) the game to the level where it belongs, thereby setting an example to the rest of me sporting world. Replacing the term "opponent" with "associate" could be an ideal way to start. The dictionary meaning of the term "associate" is "colleague"; "friend"; "companion." Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term "associate" rather than "opponent."

阅读理解Evaluating employee performance is a key area of management skills. The challenge is to give the employees an accurate picture of their accomplishments, and of the areas in which they need to improve. Both are important, accomplishments because they give the employee a sense of pride in the work and a basis on which to build future achievements, and areas for improvement, because they give the employee some goal to reach for. Often, employees fear that the evaluation will be a negative experience, This fear alone can result in defensiveness and tension, Tile manager must take pains to lessen the employees fear and make the evaluation a participatory(参与的)event. An employee who contributes ideas to his or her evaluation will be much more likely to agree with the outcome and be willing to follow the suggestions. The employee evaluation system is to improve employee performance. While area8 needing improvement must be reviewed, this should always be done in the spirit of discovering goals the employee can work toward. This holds true for reviewing successes as well. While praise for past achievements may be used as a reward, at the time of the evaluation, the primary reason to look at the persons success is to determine areas in which he or she can continue to excel(擅长). Perhaps the most effective way to make the evaluation a participatory event is to ask the employee to come prepared to the meeting. The employer and employee each should carefully review the job description prior to the evaluation meeting and should make notes on areas in which the employee had difficulty or has made a contribution. It is important that these notes be specific; "Does a good job" is not nearly as meaningful as "Increased productivity(生产率)by 35%". Both parties should also draw up a short list of goals for the employee to achieve during the next evaluation period. Ideally, these goals should build upon the known strengths and successes of the employee. However, areas needing improvement must also be addressed.

阅读理解Many parents are (47) about the fact that their children play many video and computer games. Perhaps the best way to (48) concerns over the (49) of video games is to emphasize their vast (50) to educate. Even games with no educational (51) require players to learn a great deal. Games are complex, adaptive and force players to make a huge number of decisions. Garners must learn rules through trials and errors, solve problems and puzzles, develop strategies and get help from other players via the Internet when they get stuck. The problem-solving (52) that underlies most games is like the 90% of an ice berg below the waterline-invisible to nom-gamers. It is the pleasure of this problem solving, not the violence which sometimes (53) it, that can make gaming such a (54) experience. Nobody is using certain violent games in schools, of course, but other off-the shelf games such as "Sim City", which (55) model economies, are used in education. By playing them it is possible to understand how such models work. in "Sim City", for example, in which the player (56) the role of a city mayor, no amount of spending on health care is ever enough to satisfy patients, and the fastest route to popularity is to cut taxes. WORD BANK A) speech I) concerned B) satisfying J) intentions C) retain K) tensions D) assumes L) address E) potential M) influences F) accompanies N) contain G) resumes O) combines H) mechanism

阅读理解No matter how large or notable the U. S. travel industry is or may become, it will always be members of a broader world society. The charge facing all of us is to appropriately en gage poverty. Poverty is certainly not new but the means at our disposal to address poverty are improving by the day. Fortunately, the $ 3.3 trillion world travel industry is uniquely suited to address poverty in regions where it is most entrenched. In the course of making a case for harnessing travel and tourism for poverty reduction, the travel and tourism industry already exists in every region of the globe and is a proven job producer and sustainer of native culture. That travel and tourism creates good jobs is indisputable. In the U. S. , the Industrial Age economy is in transition to a service economy, and travel and tourism is responsible for one in every seven workers in the U. S. civilian workforce, directly or indirectly. But by no means is this phenomenon limited to the U. S. The World Travel and Tourism Council re ports tourism employs almost 200 million people worldwide -- 1 in every 13 jobs worldwide today. There are many important differences between building an industrial based economy and one that relies largely on tourism. One of the historical barriers to industrialization has been a shortage of capital to build an industrial infrastructure or a lack of industrial specific facilities such al deep water ports. But we don''t need to build factories for tourism. Nor do we need the traditional resources of the Industrial Age to build new tourism economies. The essential raw materials for our industry include rich cultures, unique natural environments and willing hosts. And those raw materials exist already in abundance in every nation. Only travel brings us face to face with people from different cities, different nations, and different outlooks. CNN can take us on a virtual world tour. We can be touched by images we see in the media but it is only when we shake hands with people from other nations and other cultures that we learn how things really are. And despite the many wonders of technology, we only truly touch one another when we travel and embrace one another''s culture, stature, and dreams.

阅读理解How to Use a Library A)Youre driving your car home from work or sch001