听力题 Two hours from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia, there live some of the world''s largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvania''s Pocono Mountains, a home they share with an abundance of other wildlife. The streams, lakes, meadows, mountain, ridges and forests that make the Pocono an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats are endangered by highway construction. To protect the Pocono''s natural beauty from irresponsible development, the Nature Conservancy named the area one of America''s "Last Great Places". Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, the conservancy''s officer Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forging partnerships with people the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres of environmentally important land in the area. Cook attributes the Conservancy''s success in the Pocono to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents. "The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecting with the local community," Cook said. "The people who live there respect the land." They value quiet forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. They are eager to help with the conservation effort. Two hours from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia, there live some of the world''s largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvania''s Pocono Mountains, a home they share with an abundance of other wildlife. The streams, lakes, meadows, mountain, ridges and forests that make the Pocono an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats are endangered by highway construction. To protect the Pocono''s natural beauty from irresponsible development, the Nature Conservancy named the area one of America''s "Last Great Places". Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, the conservancy''s officer Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forging partnerships with people the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres of environmentally important land in the area. Cook attributes the Conservancy''s success in the Pocono to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents. "The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecting with the local community," Cook said. "The people who live there respect the land." They value quiet forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. They are eager to help with the conservation effort.

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听力题M: Hi, Janet

听力题In an (36)________ to bring together amateur and professional racing activities, the National Cycling Federation (NCF) and the Federated Professional Cycling Association (FPCA) have agreed to stop the (37) ________that has kept their (38) ________apart in recent years. A new National Cycle Racing Commission (NCRC) will handle matters that (39 ) ________ both amateur and professional racing, (40) ________national professional racing, and represent the nation''s (41)________at the UCI Congress, the ( 42 )________. international meeting of national cycling (43 ) ________. (44) _________________________. In this way, all cycling activities can be handled through one office. And finally, the greatest advantage of the NCRC is that (45) _________________________. In the past, events have been cancelled or postponed because of lack of agreement. (46) _________________________.

听力题Not everybody reads the daily newspaper

听力题 The period of engagement is the time between the marriage proposal and the wedding ceremony. Two people agree to marry when they decided to spend their lives together. The man usually gives the woman a diamond engagement ring. That tradition is said to have started when an Austrian man gave a diamond ring to the woman he wanted to marry. The diamond represented beauty; he placed it on the third finger of her left hand. He chose that finger because it was thought that the blood vessel in that finger went directly to the heart. Today we know that this is not true, yet the tradition continues. Americans generally are engaged for a period of about one year, ff they are planning a wedding ceremony and a party. During this time, friends of the bride may hold a party at which women friends and family members give the bride grits that she will need as a wife. These could include cooking equipment or new clothing. Friends of the man who is getting married may have a bachelor party for him. This usually takes place the night before the wedding. Only men are invited to the bachelor party. During the marriage ceremony, the bride and her would-be husband usually exchange gold rings that represent the idea that their union will continue forever. The wife often wears both the wedding ring and the engagement ring on the same finger. The husband wears his ring on the third finger of his left hand. Many people say the purpose of the engagement period is to permit enough time to plan the wedding. But the main purpose is to let enough time pass so the two people are sure that they want to many each other. Either person may decide to break the engagement. If this happens, the woman usually returns the ring to the man. They also return any wedding gifts they have received. The period of engagement is the time between the marriage proposal and the wedding ceremony. Two people agree to marry when they decided to spend their lives together. The man usually gives the woman a diamond engagement ring. That tradition is said to have started when an Austrian man gave a diamond ring to the woman he wanted to marry. The diamond represented beauty; he placed it on the third finger of her left hand. He chose that finger because it was thought that the blood vessel in that finger went directly to the heart. Today we know that this is not true, yet the tradition continues. Americans generally are engaged for a period of about one year, ff they are planning a wedding ceremony and a party. During this time, friends of the bride may hold a party at which women friends and family members give the bride grits that she will need as a wife. These could include cooking equipment or new clothing. Friends of the man who is getting married may have a bachelor party for him. This usually takes place the night before the wedding. Only men are invited to the bachelor party. During the marriage ceremony, the bride and her would-be husband usually exchange gold rings that represent the idea that their union will continue forever. The wife often wears both the wedding ring and the engagement ring on the same finger. The husband wears his ring on the third finger of his left hand. Many people say the purpose of the engagement period is to permit enough time to plan the wedding. But the main purpose is to let enough time pass so the two people are sure that they want to many each other. Either person may decide to break the engagement. If this happens, the woman usually returns the ring to the man. They also return any wedding gifts they have received.

听力题 Scientists in many developing nations are studying a way to protect and control the use of forests, fishing water, grasslands and other resources. They call the system " common property". It means that people join together to share and protect the resources. Scientists say that increased population is damaging the world resources. Too many trees are cut; grasslands and croplands are destroyed. Too many fish are taken from the fishing area. There are two traditional ways to deal with this situation. One is public-the government agency decides who may use the resources and when; or the property can be private-the owner decides how to protect the resources. Experts say these two methods often are not effective, however. They believe there is a third possibility that is neither completely governmental nor completely private. It is communal or joint control of the resources. Scientists know that this idea of common property is not new. The system has been believed successful for a long time by groups in many countries. In South Asia, some villagers have governing systems to protect everyone''s right to irrigation water. In part of Certral Africa, there are traditional rules that banned the killing of some wild animals. Farmers in Syria have a system to share grasslands and fisherman in Turkey have a system to make sure no one takes too many fish. Scientists say such systems usually were developed by small groups to deal with limited problems. Rules are simple and the enforcement is based on traditional value and ways of doing things. Scientists believe such systems also would be effective in other situations. They are studying how it might produce more cooking rules for people in Indian villages. The scientific group in Costa Rica is studying common property to control land area. And a government group in Zimbabwe is studying the system to protect wild animals. Scientists do not say the common property system will solve all resource needs in developing nations, buy they believe it provides one important way to deal with the probelm. Scientists in many developing nations are studying a way to protect and control the use of forests, fishing water, grasslands and other resources. They call the system " common property". It means that people join together to share and protect the resources. Scientists say that increased population is damaging the world resources. Too many trees are cut; grasslands and croplands are destroyed. Too many fish are taken from the fishing area. There are two traditional ways to deal with this situation. One is public-the government agency decides who may use the resources and when; or the property can be private-the owner decides how to protect the resources. Experts say these two methods often are not effective, however. They believe there is a third possibility that is neither completely governmental nor completely private. It is communal or joint control of the resources. Scientists know that this idea of common property is not new. The system has been believed successful for a long time by groups in many countries. In South Asia, some villagers have governing systems to protect everyone''s right to irrigation water. In part of Certral Africa, there are traditional rules that banned the killing of some wild animals. Farmers in Syria have a system to share grasslands and fisherman in Turkey have a system to make sure no one takes too many fish. Scientists say such systems usually were developed by small groups to deal with limited problems. Rules are simple and the enforcement is based on traditional value and ways of doing things. Scientists believe such systems also would be effective in other situations. They are studying how it might produce more cooking rules for people in Indian villages. The scientific group in Costa Rica is studying common property to control land area. And a government group in Zimbabwe is studying the system to protect wild animals. Scientists do not say the common property system will solve all resource needs in developing nations, buy they believe it provides one important way to deal with the probelm.

听力题M: Hi. This is Roger Jackson

听力题 Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun. They look small only because they are much farther away. You can''t see them in the daytime. But if you go out at night, you''ll be able to see thousands of them. The earth is one of the sun''s planets, and the moon is one of the earth''s planets, and men have visited it already. No man has traveled farther than the moon, but spaceships without people have reached other planets. Many countries have sent up man-made satellites to circle the earth. With their help, people have done much research in many fields of science. Some countries have sent up man-made satellites to send and receive TV programs. This has helped the people of China and other countries to understand each other better. Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun. They look small only because they are much farther away. You can''t see them in the daytime. But if you go out at night, you''ll be able to see thousands of them. The earth is one of the sun''s planets, and the moon is one of the earth''s planets, and men have visited it already. No man has traveled farther than the moon, but spaceships without people have reached other planets. Many countries have sent up man-made satellites to circle the earth. With their help, people have done much research in many fields of science. Some countries have sent up man-made satellites to send and receive TV programs. This has helped the people of China and other countries to understand each other better.

听力题 You may realize that fog is simply a cloud that touches the ground. Like any cloud, it is composed of tiny droplets of water, or in rare cases, of ice crystals that form an ice fog. Ice fog usually occurs only in extremely cold climates. Because wa?ter droplets are so tiny, they don’t solidify until the air temperature is far below freezing, generally thirty degrees below zero Celsius or lower. The droplets of fogs are nearly spherical. The transparency of fog depends mainly on the concentration of droplets — the more the droplets are, the denser the fog is. Since water is 800 times denser than air, investigators were puzzled for a long time as to why the water particles in fog didn’t simply fall to the ground, making the fog disappear. It turns out that droplets do fall at a predictable rate, but in fog-creating conditions they are either supported by rising air currents or continually replaced by new droplets condensing from the water vapor in the air. You may realize that fog is simply a cloud that touches the ground. Like any cloud, it is composed of tiny droplets of water, or in rare cases, of ice crystals that form an ice fog. Ice fog usually occurs only in extremely cold climates. Because wa?ter droplets are so tiny, they don’t solidify until the air temperature is far below freezing, generally thirty degrees below zero Celsius or lower. The droplets of fogs are nearly spherical. The transparency of fog depends mainly on the concentration of droplets — the more the droplets are, the denser the fog is. Since water is 800 times denser than air, investigators were puzzled for a long time as to why the water particles in fog didn’t simply fall to the ground, making the fog disappear. It turns out that droplets do fall at a predictable rate, but in fog-creating conditions they are either supported by rising air currents or continually replaced by new droplets condensing from the water vapor in the air.

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听力题Art, said Picasso, is a lie that makes us realize the truth. So is a map. We do not usually (36)__________the precise work of the mapmaker with a (37)___________object of art. Yet a map has many qualities that a painting or a poem has. It is truth realized in a (38)__________way, holding meanings it does not express on the surface. And like work of art, it requires (39)___________ reading. Thus, map and reality are not, and cannot be, (40)___________. No aspect of map use is so (41)____________yet so often (42)______________. Most map reading mistakes occur because the user forgets this vital fact and expect a one-to-one (43)____________between map and reality. (44)____________________________. To understand a painting, you must have some idea of the medium which was used by the artist. You wouldn''t expect a water color to look anything like an oil painting or a charcoal drawing, even if the subject matter of all three were the same. (45)_____________________________. As a map-reader, you should always be aware of the invisible hand of the mapmaker. (46)_____________________________. The mapmaker translates reality into the clearest possible picture under the circumstances, and the map-reader converts this picture back into an impression of the environment. For such communication to take place, the map-reader as well as the mapmaker must know something about how maps are created.

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听力题Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

听力题 A new study reports the common drug aspirin greatly reduces life threatening problems after an operation to replace blocked blood vessels to the heart. More than 800,000 people around the world have this heart surgery each year. The doctors who carried out this study say giving aspirin to patients soon after the operation could save thousands of lives. People usually take aspirin to control pain and reduce high body temperature. Doctors also advise some people to take aspirin to help prevent heart attacks. About 10-15 percent of these heart operations end in death or damage to the heart or other organs. The new study shows that even a small amount of aspirin reduced such threats. The doctors said the chance of death for patients who took aspirin would fall by 67%. They claimed this was true if the aspirin was given within 48 hours of the operation. The doctors believe aspirin helps heart surgery patients because it can prevent blood from thickening and blood vessels from being blocked. However, the doctors warned that people who have stomach bleeding or other bad reactions from aspirin should not take it after heart surgery. A new study reports the common drug aspirin greatly reduces life threatening problems after an operation to replace blocked blood vessels to the heart. More than 800,000 people around the world have this heart surgery each year. The doctors who carried out this study say giving aspirin to patients soon after the operation could save thousands of lives. People usually take aspirin to control pain and reduce high body temperature. Doctors also advise some people to take aspirin to help prevent heart attacks. About 10-15 percent of these heart operations end in death or damage to the heart or other organs. The new study shows that even a small amount of aspirin reduced such threats. The doctors said the chance of death for patients who took aspirin would fall by 67%. They claimed this was true if the aspirin was given within 48 hours of the operation. The doctors believe aspirin helps heart surgery patients because it can prevent blood from thickening and blood vessels from being blocked. However, the doctors warned that people who have stomach bleeding or other bad reactions from aspirin should not take it after heart surgery.

听力题M: So, Andrea

听力题There are over 3

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听力题M: Ow! That hurts! W: What happened