听力题 You can tell the age of a tree by counting its rings, but these records of a tree''s life really say a lot more. Scientists are using tree rings to learn what''s been happening on the sun''s surface for the last ten thousand years. Each ring represents a year of growth. As a tree grows, it adds a layer to its trunk, taking up chemical dements from the air. By looking at the elements in the tings from a given year, scientists can tell what elements were in the air that year. Doctor Stevenson is analyzing one element--carbon-14 in rings from both living and dead trees. Some of the rings go back almost ten thousand years to the end of the Ice Age. When Stevenson followed the carbon-14 trail back in time, he found carbon-14 levels change with the intensity of solar burning. You see, the sun has cycles. Sometimes it burns fiercely; at other times it''s relatively calm. During the sun''s violent periods, it throws off charged particles in fast moving streams called "solar winds". The particles interfere with the formation of carbon-14 on earth. When there''s more solar wind activity, less carbon-14 is produced. Ten thousand years of tree rings show that the carbon-14 level rises and falls about every 420 years. The scientists concluded that solar wind activity must follow the same cycle. You can tell the age of a tree by counting its rings, but these records of a tree''s life really say a lot more. Scientists are using tree rings to learn what''s been happening on the sun''s surface for the last ten thousand years. Each ring represents a year of growth. As a tree grows, it adds a layer to its trunk, taking up chemical dements from the air. By looking at the elements in the tings from a given year, scientists can tell what elements were in the air that year. Doctor Stevenson is analyzing one element--carbon-14 in rings from both living and dead trees. Some of the rings go back almost ten thousand years to the end of the Ice Age. When Stevenson followed the carbon-14 trail back in time, he found carbon-14 levels change with the intensity of solar burning. You see, the sun has cycles. Sometimes it burns fiercely; at other times it''s relatively calm. During the sun''s violent periods, it throws off charged particles in fast moving streams called "solar winds". The particles interfere with the formation of carbon-14 on earth. When there''s more solar wind activity, less carbon-14 is produced. Ten thousand years of tree rings show that the carbon-14 level rises and falls about every 420 years. The scientists concluded that solar wind activity must follow the same cycle.

听力题 We use all sort of services without thinking about how we get them. But such services cost money. We pay for them through taxes. What would happen if everyone in the city stopped paying taxes? The water supply would stop, the street might not get cleaned, and there would be not police force to protect people and property. The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and property. More than three fourths of the money spent by our government is used for this purpose. The next largest amount of public money goes to teach and train our citizens. Billions of dollars each year are spent on schools and libraries. Public money is used to pay the teachers and other public officials. Years ago the government makes money from the sale of public lands. But most of the best public lands have now been sold. The money raised was used to help pay the cost of government. There are still some public lands that contain oil, coal, gas, and other natural products. They could be sold, but we want to save them for future years. So we all must pay our share for the services that make our lives comfortable. We use all sort of services without thinking about how we get them. But such services cost money. We pay for them through taxes. What would happen if everyone in the city stopped paying taxes? The water supply would stop, the street might not get cleaned, and there would be not police force to protect people and property. The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and property. More than three fourths of the money spent by our government is used for this purpose. The next largest amount of public money goes to teach and train our citizens. Billions of dollars each year are spent on schools and libraries. Public money is used to pay the teachers and other public officials. Years ago the government makes money from the sale of public lands. But most of the best public lands have now been sold. The money raised was used to help pay the cost of government. There are still some public lands that contain oil, coal, gas, and other natural products. They could be sold, but we want to save them for future years. So we all must pay our share for the services that make our lives comfortable.

听力题[此试题无题干]

听力题M: What is the most interesting Thai festival

听力题W: Hi, Kevin

听力题 Education has encountered a kind of embarrassment in modern times. We are becoming unsatisfied with years of patient practice before working as a skilled craftsman. Nowadays if we want to get a decent job, we have to possess a piece of paper. Without a certificate or a diploma, you can hardly get promotion in even the humblest job. We may know that we will be better at the job than the man with the paper qualifications, but our experience and practical skills are regarded as relatively unimportant compared with that. On more than one occasion we can hear such remarks as "Jack would have been a manager if he had taken pains to get a degree." "Given the same chance, he could have done even better. But he didn''t receive a proper education!" I wonder if we would discover that many so called unqualified people but with practical experience and ability would have been rejected while those paper qualifiers confused before complicated blueprints and machine parts. Wouldn''t it be better to allow people become expert in a way most suited to them? To feed them a set of instruction courses blindly may offer no opportunity for them to develop skills. It''s high time for educators to work out new training measures. Education has encountered a kind of embarrassment in modern times. We are becoming unsatisfied with years of patient practice before working as a skilled craftsman. Nowadays if we want to get a decent job, we have to possess a piece of paper. Without a certificate or a diploma, you can hardly get promotion in even the humblest job. We may know that we will be better at the job than the man with the paper qualifications, but our experience and practical skills are regarded as relatively unimportant compared with that. On more than one occasion we can hear such remarks as "Jack would have been a manager if he had taken pains to get a degree." "Given the same chance, he could have done even better. But he didn''t receive a proper education!" I wonder if we would discover that many so called unqualified people but with practical experience and ability would have been rejected while those paper qualifiers confused before complicated blueprints and machine parts. Wouldn''t it be better to allow people become expert in a way most suited to them? To feed them a set of instruction courses blindly may offer no opportunity for them to develop skills. It''s high time for educators to work out new training measures.

听力题Are you afraid to raise your hands in class

听力题If the earth gets hotter in the new century

听力题[此试题无题干]

听力题W: Hey, Bob, guess what

听力题When I was at school

听力题 It''s never too early to (36) 1 your skin—or your children''s—from the sun. The sun produces (37) 2 rays—(38) 3 A (UVA) and B (UVB) —that can cause short - and long—term skin damage. The immediate effects of harmful (39) 4—(40) 5, photosensitive (41) 6, and cell and (42) 7 damage—are bad enough. But (43) 8 experts believe that (44) 9. Health experts also believe that UVA may weaken the immune system. (45) 10. Using sunscreens regularly on children, for example, can reduce their risk of skin damage later in life. Sunscreens provide some protection by blocking the sun''s rays on the skin. They are labeled with a sun protection factor (SPF): (46) 11. But no sunscreen totally blocks the sun''s rays. It''s never too early to (36) 12 your skin—or your children''s—from the sun. The sun produces (37) 13 rays—(38) 14 A (UVA) and B (UVB) —that can cause short - and long—term skin damage. The immediate effects of harmful (39) 15—(40) 16, photosensitive (41) 17, and cell and (42) 18 damage—are bad enough. But (43) 19 experts believe that (44) 20. Health experts also believe that UVA may weaken the immune system. (45) 21. Using sunscreens regularly on children, for example, can reduce their risk of skin damage later in life. Sunscreens provide some protection by blocking the sun''s rays on the skin. They are labeled with a sun protection factor (SPF): (46) 22. But no sunscreen totally blocks the sun''s rays. It''s never too early to (36) save your skin-or your children''s-from the sun. The sun produces (37) invisible rays-(38) A (UVA) and B (UVB)-that can cause short- and long-term skin damage. The immediate effects of harmful (39) sunrays-(40) sun-burn, photosensitive (41) reactions, and cell and (42) tissue damage-are bad enough. But (43) medical experts believe that (44) too much exposure to the sun in childhood or the sun in adolescence is a major cause of skin cancer and premature skin aging later in life. Health experts also believe that UVA may weaken the immune system. (45) You can take steps early and often to minimize the sun''s harmful effects. Using sunscreens regularly on children, for example, can reduce their risk of skin damage later in life. Sunscreens provide some protection by blocking the sun''s rays on the skin. They are labeled with a sun protection factor (SPF): (46) the higher the SPF, the greater the protection against harmful sun-rays. But no sunscreen totally blocks the sun''s rays. It''s never too early to (36) 23 your skin—or your children''s—from the sun. The sun produces (37) 24 rays—(38) 25 A (UVA) and B (UVB) —that can cause short - and long—term skin damage. The immediate effects of harmful (39) 26—(40) 27, photosensitive (41) 28, and cell and (42) 29 damage—are bad enough. But (43) 30 experts believe that (44) 31. Health experts also believe that UVA may weaken the immune system. (45) 32. Using sunscreens regularly on children, for example, can reduce their risk of skin damage later in life. Sunscreens provide some protection by blocking the sun''s rays on the skin. They are labeled with a sun protection factor (SPF): (46) 33. But no sunscreen totally blocks the sun''s rays. It''s never too early to (36) 34 your skin—or your children''s—from the sun. The sun produces (37) 35 rays—(38) 36 A (UVA) and B (UVB) —that can cause short - and long—term skin damage. The immediate effects of harmful (39) 37—(40) 38, photosensitive (41) 39, and cell and (42) 40 damage—are bad enough. But (43) 41 experts believe that (44) 42. Health experts also believe that UVA may weaken the immune system. (45) 43. Using sunscreens regularly on children, for example, can reduce their risk of skin damage later in life. Sunscreens provide some protection by blocking the sun''s rays on the skin. They are labeled with a sun protection factor (SPF): (46) 44. But no sunscreen totally blocks the sun''s rays. It''s never too early to (36) save your skin-or your children''s-from the sun. The sun produces (37) invisible rays-(38) A (UVA) and B (UVB)-that can cause short- and long-term skin damage. The immediate effects of harmful (39) sunrays-(40) sun-burn, photosensitive (41) reactions, and cell and (42) tissue damage-are bad enough. But (43) medical experts believe that (44) too much exposure to the sun in childhood or the sun in adolescence is a major cause of skin cancer and premature skin aging later in life. Health experts also believe that UVA may weaken the immune system. (45) You can take steps early and often to minimize the sun''s harmful effects. Using sunscreens regularly on children, for example, can reduce their risk of skin damage later in life. Sunscreens provide some protection by blocking the sun''s rays on the skin. They are labeled with a sun protection factor (SPF): (46) the higher the SPF, the greater the protection against harmful sun-rays. But no sunscreen totally blocks the sun''s rays.

听力题Faces, like fingerprints, are unique

听力题 Reducing the amount of sleep students get at night has a direct impact on their performance at school during the day. According to classroom teachers, elementary and middle school students who stay up late exhibit more learning and attention problems. This has been shown by Brown Medical School and Bradley Hospital research. In the study, teachers were not told the amount of sleep students received when completing weekly performance reports, yet they rated the students who have received eight hours or less as having the most trouble recalling old material, learning new lessons, and completing high-quality work. Teachers also reported that these students had more difficulty paying attention. The experiment is the first to ask teachers to report on the effects of sleep deficiency in children. "Just staying up late can cause increased academic difficulty and attention problems for otherwise healthy, well-functioning kids", said Garharn Forlone, the study''s lead author. So the results provide professionals and parents with a clear message: When a child is having learning and attention problems, the issue of sleep has to be taken into consideration. "If we don''t ask about sleep and try to improve sleep patterns in kids'' struggling academically, then we aren''t doing our job, Forlone said. "For parents," he said, "the message is simple: Getting kids to bed on time is as important as getting them to school on time." Reducing the amount of sleep students get at night has a direct impact on their performance at school during the day. According to classroom teachers, elementary and middle school students who stay up late exhibit more learning and attention problems. This has been shown by Brown Medical School and Bradley Hospital research. In the study, teachers were not told the amount of sleep students received when completing weekly performance reports, yet they rated the students who have received eight hours or less as having the most trouble recalling old material, learning new lessons, and completing high-quality work. Teachers also reported that these students had more difficulty paying attention. The experiment is the first to ask teachers to report on the effects of sleep deficiency in children. "Just staying up late can cause increased academic difficulty and attention problems for otherwise healthy, well-functioning kids", said Garharn Forlone, the study''s lead author. So the results provide professionals and parents with a clear message: When a child is having learning and attention problems, the issue of sleep has to be taken into consideration. "If we don''t ask about sleep and try to improve sleep patterns in kids'' struggling academically, then we aren''t doing our job, Forlone said. "For parents," he said, "the message is simple: Getting kids to bed on time is as important as getting them to school on time."

听力题 Sometimes we say that someone we know is "a square peg in a round hole". This simply means that the person we are talking about is not suited for the job he is doing. He may be a bookkeeper who really wants to be an actor or a mechanic who likes cooking. Unfortunately, many people in the world are "square pegs", they are not doing the kind of work they should be doing, for one reason or another. As a result they probably are not doing a very good job and certainly they are not happy. Choosing the right career is very important. Most of us spend a great part of our lives at our jobs. For that reason we should try to find out what our talents are and how we can use them. We can do this through aptitude tests, interviews with specialists, and study of books in our field of interest. There are many careers open to each of us. Perhaps we like science, then we might prepare ourselves to be chemists, physicists, or biologists. Maybe our interests take us into the business world and such work as accounting, personnel management or public relations. Many persons find their place in government service. Teaching, newspaper work, medicine, engineering—these and many other fields offer fascinating careers to persons with talent and training. Sometimes we say that someone we know is "a square peg in a round hole". This simply means that the person we are talking about is not suited for the job he is doing. He may be a bookkeeper who really wants to be an actor or a mechanic who likes cooking. Unfortunately, many people in the world are "square pegs", they are not doing the kind of work they should be doing, for one reason or another. As a result they probably are not doing a very good job and certainly they are not happy. Choosing the right career is very important. Most of us spend a great part of our lives at our jobs. For that reason we should try to find out what our talents are and how we can use them. We can do this through aptitude tests, interviews with specialists, and study of books in our field of interest. There are many careers open to each of us. Perhaps we like science, then we might prepare ourselves to be chemists, physicists, or biologists. Maybe our interests take us into the business world and such work as accounting, personnel management or public relations. Many persons find their place in government service. Teaching, newspaper work, medicine, engineering—these and many other fields offer fascinating careers to persons with talent and training.

听力题Were you the first or last child in your family

听力题M: I can''t find my wallet

听力题 Most people have had a dog or wanted one as their companion at some time in their lives. If you are thinking of buying a dog, however, you should first decide what sort of companion you need and whether the dog is likely to be happy in the surroundings you can provide. Specialist advice is available to help you choose the most suitable breed of dog. But in part, the decision depends on common sense. Most breeds were originally developed to perform specific tasks. So, if you want a dog to protect you or your house, for example, you should choose a breed that has the right size and characteristics. You must also be ready to devote a good deal of time to train the dog when it is young and give it the exercise it needs throughout its life, unless you live in the country and can let it run freely. Dogs are demanding pets. Whereas cats identify with the house and so are content if their place there is secure, a dog identifies with its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection. The best time to buy a baby-dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its affection from its mother to its master. If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they are over three months old, their strong relationship will always be with dogs. They are likely to be too shy when they are brought out into the world to become good pets. Most people have had a dog or wanted one as their companion at some time in their lives. If you are thinking of buying a dog, however, you should first decide what sort of companion you need and whether the dog is likely to be happy in the surroundings you can provide. Specialist advice is available to help you choose the most suitable breed of dog. But in part, the decision depends on common sense. Most breeds were originally developed to perform specific tasks. So, if you want a dog to protect you or your house, for example, you should choose a breed that has the right size and characteristics. You must also be ready to devote a good deal of time to train the dog when it is young and give it the exercise it needs throughout its life, unless you live in the country and can let it run freely. Dogs are demanding pets. Whereas cats identify with the house and so are content if their place there is secure, a dog identifies with its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection. The best time to buy a baby-dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its affection from its mother to its master. If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they are over three months old, their strong relationship will always be with dogs. They are likely to be too shy when they are brought out into the world to become good pets.

听力题W: Hi, Sam, where are you going

听力题W: Hey, Bob! So how was the movie? M: Well