听力题M: Jean

听力题 Today I''m going to discuss transportation and communication in the early 19th century in the United States. At that time, inland waterways provided North America''s most popular form of long distance transportation. Travel by river was often more convenient than taking a wagon over primitive country roads, especially when shipping heavy loads of farm products or household goods. Where the natural waterways were inadequate, shallow canals were built. The Erie Canal, opened in 1825, connected the Great Lakes with the upper Hudson River. It allowed settlers in the Great Lakes region to send their crops eastward to New York City at the mouth of the Hudson at a much lower cost. From there, crops could be shipped to other Atlantic ports. The construction of the Erie Canal also encouraged westward migration along inland waterways and helped populate the frontier. The City of Detroit grew up between two of the Great Lakes. Later a canal joined the Great Lakes with the Mississippi river system and Chicago became a thriving city. Politically the waterway system united the nation in a way few had imagined possible. By the mid-1800''s faster and cheaper railroads became more popular and the canal system declined. Railroads could be used year round whereas canals were often frozen in the winter. During the first third of the century, however, transportation on rivers, lakes and canals aided greatly in the growth of the United States. Next week we''ll discuss the railroads in greater detail. Today I''m going to discuss transportation and communication in the early 19th century in the United States. At that time, inland waterways provided North America''s most popular form of long distance transportation. Travel by river was often more convenient than taking a wagon over primitive country roads, especially when shipping heavy loads of farm products or household goods. Where the natural waterways were inadequate, shallow canals were built. The Erie Canal, opened in 1825, connected the Great Lakes with the upper Hudson River. It allowed settlers in the Great Lakes region to send their crops eastward to New York City at the mouth of the Hudson at a much lower cost. From there, crops could be shipped to other Atlantic ports. The construction of the Erie Canal also encouraged westward migration along inland waterways and helped populate the frontier. The City of Detroit grew up between two of the Great Lakes. Later a canal joined the Great Lakes with the Mississippi river system and Chicago became a thriving city. Politically the waterway system united the nation in a way few had imagined possible. By the mid-1800''s faster and cheaper railroads became more popular and the canal system declined. Railroads could be used year round whereas canals were often frozen in the winter. During the first third of the century, however, transportation on rivers, lakes and canals aided greatly in the growth of the United States. Next week we''ll discuss the railroads in greater detail.

听力题 The rain also poured down in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in South China, where 14 people have died since Monday and 112,000 people have been evacuated, civil affairs officials said. The Ministry of Civil Affairs said it would send a team to the region on Saturday to help with rescue work. Wuhou, a hilly city in the region, has taken the worst battering, with 13 of the deaths and 24 injuries; 16,000 locals were evacuated. "Try to imagine that one-fifth of a year''s average rainfall has been poured on the city in just eight hours," said an official with the autonomous region''s civil affairs department who gave only his surname, Pan. Local weather statistics showed that Wuzhou receives an average of 1,500 millimeters of rain per year, but in eight hours on Thursday, the city received 306 millimeters. But amid the tragedy and difficulty caused by the rain, Leizhou Peninsula in the southwestern part of South China''s Guangdong Province has been suffering from severe drought since the beginning of the year. "The drought has greatly affected water use for farms and led to insufficient drinking water supplies," said Wang Jinshan, director of the Leizhou Meteorological Bureau. Friday''s high temperature was 34°C, Wang said, adding: "It''s the worst drought in the area in 60 years." The rain also poured down in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in South China, where 14 people have died since Monday and 112,000 people have been evacuated, civil affairs officials said. The Ministry of Civil Affairs said it would send a team to the region on Saturday to help with rescue work. Wuhou, a hilly city in the region, has taken the worst battering, with 13 of the deaths and 24 injuries; 16,000 locals were evacuated. "Try to imagine that one-fifth of a year''s average rainfall has been poured on the city in just eight hours," said an official with the autonomous region''s civil affairs department who gave only his surname, Pan. Local weather statistics showed that Wuzhou receives an average of 1,500 millimeters of rain per year, but in eight hours on Thursday, the city received 306 millimeters. But amid the tragedy and difficulty caused by the rain, Leizhou Peninsula in the southwestern part of South China''s Guangdong Province has been suffering from severe drought since the beginning of the year. "The drought has greatly affected water use for farms and led to insufficient drinking water supplies," said Wang Jinshan, director of the Leizhou Meteorological Bureau. Friday''s high temperature was 34°C, Wang said, adding: "It''s the worst drought in the area in 60 years."

听力题The Tomato Growers Association, or TGA

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听力题One hot night last July

听力题Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard

听力题 Many people think that nothing happens when they sleep. Doctors have studied sleep for many years. They think that a lot happens when people sleep. Doctors say that people have five kinds, or stages, of sleep. People may go through each stage about every 10 minutes. During the first two stages, you sleep lightly. That is, if someone calls you or puts his hand on you, you wake up quickly. Your body rests quietly, you breathe more slowly than when you are awake. Your heart beats slowly. During stages three and four, you sleep deeply. That is, if someone puts his hand on you, you don’t wake up. Your heart beats more slowly than that in stages one and two. You don’t hear sounds. Lights don’t wake you up. The last stage of sleep is called REM (Rapid Eye Movement). During REM sleep you breathe faster, and your heart beats faster than that in stages one through four. Your eyes move under your eyelids. All of this happens because you are dreaming. Doctors say that everyone dreams. Some dreams are short; some dreams are long. Some people are good at remembering their dreams; others forget theirs. Many people think that nothing happens when they sleep. Doctors have studied sleep for many years. They think that a lot happens when people sleep. Doctors say that people have five kinds, or stages, of sleep. People may go through each stage about every 10 minutes. During the first two stages, you sleep lightly. That is, if someone calls you or puts his hand on you, you wake up quickly. Your body rests quietly, you breathe more slowly than when you are awake. Your heart beats slowly. During stages three and four, you sleep deeply. That is, if someone puts his hand on you, you don’t wake up. Your heart beats more slowly than that in stages one and two. You don’t hear sounds. Lights don’t wake you up. The last stage of sleep is called REM (Rapid Eye Movement). During REM sleep you breathe faster, and your heart beats faster than that in stages one through four. Your eyes move under your eyelids. All of this happens because you are dreaming. Doctors say that everyone dreams. Some dreams are short; some dreams are long. Some people are good at remembering their dreams; others forget theirs.

听力题 The worldwide Organization of the Red Cross stems from the idea of Henri Dunant, a Swiss banker. In 1838 at the age of ten, Dunant was taken by his father to visit a prison, where he saw prisoners chained together exercising in the yard and breaking stones along the road. This experience left a deep impression on him, and made him determined to do something for convicts and slaves and for all who were oppressed and deprived of their liberty. On June 4th 1859, while on his way from Geneva to France, Dunant witnessed the battle between the French and Austrian armies. It was one of the fiercest battles of the 19th century. Shocked by the lack of medical supplies and attention given to the wounded. Dunant decided that volunteer service had to be organized. He gathered together a number of women who attended the hundreds of wounded soldiers of all nationalities and helped the surgeons as best they could. From that battle Dunant determined to form a body of people who would come together in times of war and attend to the needs of the wounded and dying. Dunant held that a suffering human being should be helped for his own sake only and without regard to race, religion, or political beliefs. Many European states supported him and on August 22nd 1864 the first Geneva Convention was signed. This lays down that once a soldier is wounded he and everyone else who comes to his help ceases to be an enemy. A symbol by which the relief workers could be recognized was devised. As a tribute to Switzerland, the symbol was the Swiss flag which was reversed. That is a red cross on a white background. So the Red Cross was born. The worldwide Organization of the Red Cross stems from the idea of Henri Dunant, a Swiss banker. In 1838 at the age of ten, Dunant was taken by his father to visit a prison, where he saw prisoners chained together exercising in the yard and breaking stones along the road. This experience left a deep impression on him, and made him determined to do something for convicts and slaves and for all who were oppressed and deprived of their liberty. On June 4th 1859, while on his way from Geneva to France, Dunant witnessed the battle between the French and Austrian armies. It was one of the fiercest battles of the 19th century. Shocked by the lack of medical supplies and attention given to the wounded. Dunant decided that volunteer service had to be organized. He gathered together a number of women who attended the hundreds of wounded soldiers of all nationalities and helped the surgeons as best they could. From that battle Dunant determined to form a body of people who would come together in times of war and attend to the needs of the wounded and dying. Dunant held that a suffering human being should be helped for his own sake only and without regard to race, religion, or political beliefs. Many European states supported him and on August 22nd 1864 the first Geneva Convention was signed. This lays down that once a soldier is wounded he and everyone else who comes to his help ceases to be an enemy. A symbol by which the relief workers could be recognized was devised. As a tribute to Switzerland, the symbol was the Swiss flag which was reversed. That is a red cross on a white background. So the Red Cross was born.

听力题W: Excuse me

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听力题Adervertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years, there have been (36)_____who tried to persuade others to buy the food they have (37) _____or the goods they have made or the services they can perform. Advertising (38) _____in the signs that merchants once put over their doors to (39) _____the public exactly what was for sale inside with (40) _____symbols or pictures. The objective of any advertisement is to (41) _____ people that it is in their best interests to take an action the advertiser is recommending. Advertising (42) _____to the content of the mass media, and at the same time, supports them. Most newspapers and magazines publishers, radio and television stations make their (43)_____from the sale of space or time to advertisers. As a matter of fact, (44)_______________. The cost of buying space or time is added to the price of an advertiser''s goods or services. (45)_____________rather than providing better books, programs or magazine articles. Advertising may also influence media content: a magazine that runs cigarette ads may not be enthusiastic about printing an article on the dangers of smoking. Moreover, the distinction between advertising and other types of content is not always clear. (46)_____________, and even specialized media directed at schools.

听力题 Did you know that there''s a kind of bird that can sew? This bird, called the "tailorbird", uses its mouth as a needle. It sews leaves together in the shape of a cup. Then it adds a layer of straw to the inside of the cup and lays its eggs there. Each bird species builds its own special kind of nest. The most common materials used for nests are grasses, branches, and feathers. A bird must weave these materials into a nest. Just imagine building a house without cement or nails to hold it together! Another bird is called the "weaverbird". The "weaverbird" builds a nest that looks like a basket. The nest is shaped like a pear with a hole in the middle. The hole is the door of the nest. A third bird is called the "ovenbird". The "ovenbird" makes a nest that is very solid. The nest is made of mud. The "ovenbird" forms the mud into the shape of an oven, and then lets it dry in the sun. The sun bakes the mud, making it very hard. Not all birds make their homes in branches. Some birds build their nests on the ground while others bury their eggs under the ground, and some birds do not build nests at all. So when you look for nests and eggs in the branches of trees and bushes, remember that some nests may be right under your feet. Did you know that there''s a kind of bird that can sew? This bird, called the "tailorbird", uses its mouth as a needle. It sews leaves together in the shape of a cup. Then it adds a layer of straw to the inside of the cup and lays its eggs there. Each bird species builds its own special kind of nest. The most common materials used for nests are grasses, branches, and feathers. A bird must weave these materials into a nest. Just imagine building a house without cement or nails to hold it together! Another bird is called the "weaverbird". The "weaverbird" builds a nest that looks like a basket. The nest is shaped like a pear with a hole in the middle. The hole is the door of the nest. A third bird is called the "ovenbird". The "ovenbird" makes a nest that is very solid. The nest is made of mud. The "ovenbird" forms the mud into the shape of an oven, and then lets it dry in the sun. The sun bakes the mud, making it very hard. Not all birds make their homes in branches. Some birds build their nests on the ground while others bury their eggs under the ground, and some birds do not build nests at all. So when you look for nests and eggs in the branches of trees and bushes, remember that some nests may be right under your feet.

听力题 A four-year study conducted by the Infant Testing Center in San Francisco, California, suggests that babies feel more comfortable around other babies than with strange adults. According to the study, babies benefit by being with their fellow infants daily. Whereas a baby might show fear of an adult stranger, he is likely to smile and reach out for an unfamiliar infant. By the time babies are one year old, they have begun to friendships of a sort. The above findings, based on observation of 100 babies aged three months to three years might prove interesting to working parents who must find day care for their babies. Family care in a private home, with several babies together, is probable the ideal way to care for babies under three. Dr. Benjamin Spock, well-known pediatrician and author of books about babies supports the idea. He says that family day care is sounder in theory than hiring a housekeeper or a babysitter. A four-year study conducted by the Infant Testing Center in San Francisco, California, suggests that babies feel more comfortable around other babies than with strange adults. According to the study, babies benefit by being with their fellow infants daily. Whereas a baby might show fear of an adult stranger, he is likely to smile and reach out for an unfamiliar infant. By the time babies are one year old, they have begun to friendships of a sort. The above findings, based on observation of 100 babies aged three months to three years might prove interesting to working parents who must find day care for their babies. Family care in a private home, with several babies together, is probable the ideal way to care for babies under three. Dr. Benjamin Spock, well-known pediatrician and author of books about babies supports the idea. He says that family day care is sounder in theory than hiring a housekeeper or a babysitter.

听力题Missouri State University and IBM officials announced that the university has joined IBM''s Academic Initiative to better prepare students to be (36)________leaders in technology and business. The partnership will (37)________ students with access to a wide range of free IBM software, hardware and services resources—valued at $5 million. IBM Academic Initiative is a (38)________that offers university faculty and students a host of educational (39)________to encourage the use of open standards technologies. By joining this initiative, universities receive free (40)________to IBM software, free course material, training and curriculum development and (41)________hardware. IBM is currently working with more than 1,900 universities, 11,000 (42)________members and 450,000 students around the world to promote open source and open standards. The US Department of Labor reports an (43)________opportunity exists in all technological fields. (44)________________. And, that one out of every four jobs in this decade will be in IT. It notes, however, that colleges and universities will have to quadruple (使成四倍) their number of graduates by 2008 in order to meet this demand. "With the support of IBM''s Academic Initiative, (45)________________," said a Professor. "The increased global competition in the technology sector is encouraging national universities to take a more proactive approach to developing technology talent. At Missouri State, (46)________________.

听力题 I am amazed at some of the statements made concerning Greg Louganis''s decision not to (36) 1 the fact that he was HIV-positive. Although AIDS has been a (37) 2 word since the early 1980s, it appears that people still don''t have a (38) 3 concerning the realities of the situation. Even though the ways of contracting HIV are well-known, the general public still seems to react with (39) 4 fear for their own well-being when (40) 5 with someone who they know is HIV-positive or has AIDS. But because people who know that they are HIV-positive are very (41) 6 of this fact, they certainly will take more (42) 7 in protecting other people than will the millions of walking time (43) 8 who don''t know their HIV status. (44) 9. That means (45) 10. Education is the key to this very complicated issue. (46) 11. I am amazed at some of the statements made concerning Greg Louganis''s decision not to (36) 12 the fact that he was HIV-positive. Although AIDS has been a (37) 13 word since the early 1980s, it appears that people still don''t have a (38) 14 concerning the realities of the situation. Even though the ways of contracting HIV are well-known, the general public still seems to react with (39) 15 fear for their own well-being when (40) 16 with someone who they know is HIV-positive or has AIDS. But because people who know that they are HIV-positive are very (41) 17 of this fact, they certainly will take more (42) 18 in protecting other people than will the millions of walking time (43) 19 who don''t know their HIV status. (44) 20. That means (45) 21. Education is the key to this very complicated issue. (46) 22. I am amazed at some of the statements concerning Greg Louganis''s decision not to (36) broadcast the fact that he was HIV-positive. Although AIDS has been a (37) household word since the early 1980s, it appears that people still don''t have a (38) clue concerning the realities of the situation. Even though the ways of contracting HIV are well-known, the general public still seems to react with (39) absolute fear for their own well-being when (40) dealing with someone who they know is HIV-positive or has AIDS. But because people who know that they are HIV-positive are very (41) conscious of this fact, they certainly will take more (42) precautions in protecting other people than will the millions of walking time (43) bombs who don''t know their HIV status. (44) The point is that if you don''t know a person''s HIV status, then you should simply assume he or she is HIV-positive. That means (45) that the doctor should use gloves, that first aid kits contain plastic gloves and that condoms are used during sex. Education is the key to this very complicated issue. (46) If people were truly informed, they might deal with HIV and AIDS with a bit less hysteria. I am amazed at some of the statements made concerning Greg Louganis''s decision not to (36) 23 the fact that he was HIV-positive. Although AIDS has been a (37) 24 word since the early 1980s, it appears that people still don''t have a (38) 25 concerning the realities of the situation. Even though the ways of contracting HIV are well-known, the general public still seems to react with (39) 26 fear for their own well-being when (40) 27 with someone who they know is HIV-positive or has AIDS. But because people who know that they are HIV-positive are very (41) 28 of this fact, they certainly will take more (42) 29 in protecting other people than will the millions of walking time (43) 30 who don''t know their HIV status. (44) 31. That means (45) 32. Education is the key to this very complicated issue. (46) 33. I am amazed at some of the statements made concerning Greg Louganis''s decision not to (36) 34 the fact that he was HIV-positive. Although AIDS has been a (37) 35 word since the early 1980s, it appears that people still don''t have a (38) 36 concerning the realities of the situation. Even though the ways of contracting HIV are well-known, the general public still seems to react with (39) 37 fear for their own well-being when (40) 38 with someone who they know is HIV-positive or has AIDS. But because people who know that they are HIV-positive are very (41) 39 of this fact, they certainly will take more (42) 40 in protecting other people than will the millions of walking time (43) 41 who don''t know their HIV status. (44) 42. That means (45) 43. Education is the key to this very complicated issue. (46) 44. I am amazed at some of the statements concerning Greg Louganis''s decision not to (36) broadcast the fact that he was HIV-positive. Although AIDS has been a (37) household word since the early 1980s, it appears that people still don''t have a (38) clue concerning the realities of the situation. Even though the ways of contracting HIV are well-known, the general public still seems to react with (39) absolute fear for their own well-being when (40) dealing with someone who they know is HIV-positive or has AIDS. But because people who know that they are HIV-positive are very (41) conscious of this fact, they certainly will take more (42) precautions in protecting other people than will the millions of walking time (43) bombs who don''t know their HIV status. (44) The point is that if you don''t know a person''s HIV status, then you should simply assume he or she is HIV-positive. That means (45) that the doctor should use gloves, that first aid kits contain plastic gloves and that condoms are used during sex. Education is the key to this very complicated issue. (46) If people were truly informed, they might deal with HIV and AIDS with a bit less hysteria.

听力题Children have their own rules in playing games

听力题European Union and Chinese trade officials have begun talks in Beijing to revise a trade agreement that has blocked tons of clothing from reaching European stores. The talks come just days before the United States and China hold similar discussions on the (36)________of Chinese textiles. It has been only two months since European Union and Chinese trade officials agreed in Beijing to limit (37)________ Chinese textile exports to Europe. Both sides hailed that (38)________ solution as a breakthrough in trade relations, and the Chinese suggested it was an example for the United States to (39)________. However, the quotas agreed to in June on Chinese (40)________, pants, bras and other textile categories have already been reached. European customs officials have therefore (41)________the import of millions of dollars worth of these items, (42)________ some European retailers short of goods. Anja Lorcher is a trade policy adviser at the Foreign Trade Association, a Brussels-based retail organization (43)________in foreign trade issues. She says (44)________________________, whose business will now suffer as their goods lay beyond reach. " They have been paid for. (45)________________________," she said. "Which will not be possible if nothing happens this week. " China would also like to see more of its exports on European shelves. (46)________________________.

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