听力题When Midori was two years old

听力题Education is too important to take seriously. When people take anything too seriously, they put on blinders, which cause them to miss the important (36) ___________ of what is going on around them. They develop "tunnel vision," which limits and (37) ___________their perception of (38) ___________. Education is too important to be limited by those who have (39)___________to wear blinders and develop tunnel vision. I believe the accountability movement has (40) ___________many educators to take education too seriously. When we take education too seriously, we put (41) ___________tests scores above children, we put lesson plans above teachers, and we put on our blinders, only to see a (42)___________small segment of the child—that segment that can be (43) ___________easily rather than looking at the child as a whole. (44)________________________. How can we take off our blinders? How can we eliminate tunnel vision to see the whole child? How can we not take everything so seriously? My recommendation is simply to laugh, teach and laugh. Psychologists have long believed that negative motions cause negative chemical changes in the body. We know the opposite is also true. (45) ________________________. Laughter actually relaxes the muscles, allows the heartbeat, and lowers blood pressure. Laughter stirs the inside and gets the endocrine system moving, which can be quite beneficial in alleviating disease. (46) ________________________.

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听力题 The first step in stopping drug abuse is knowing why people start to use drugs. The reasons people abuse drugs are as different as people are from one to another. But there seems to be one common thread: people seem to take drugs to change the way they feel. They want to feel better or to feel happy or to feel nothing. Sometimes, they want to forget or to remember. People often feel better about themselves when they are under the influence of drugs, but the effects don''t last long. Drugs don''t solve problems, they just postpone them. No matter how far drugs may take you, it is always a round trip. After a while, people who misuse drugs may feel worse about themselves and they will use more and more drugs. If someone you know is using or abusing drugs, you can help. The most important part you can play is to be there. You can let your friend know that you care. You can listen and try to solve the problem behind your friend''s need to use drugs. Two people together can often solve a problem that seems too big for one person alone. Studies of heavy drug users in the United States show that they felt unloved and unwanted. They didn''t have close friends to talk to. When you or your friends take the time to care for each other, you are all helping to stop drug abuse. After all, what are friends for? The first step in stopping drug abuse is knowing why people start to use drugs. The reasons people abuse drugs are as different as people are from one to another. But there seems to be one common thread: people seem to take drugs to change the way they feel. They want to feel better or to feel happy or to feel nothing. Sometimes, they want to forget or to remember. People often feel better about themselves when they are under the influence of drugs, but the effects don''t last long. Drugs don''t solve problems, they just postpone them. No matter how far drugs may take you, it is always a round trip. After a while, people who misuse drugs may feel worse about themselves and they will use more and more drugs. If someone you know is using or abusing drugs, you can help. The most important part you can play is to be there. You can let your friend know that you care. You can listen and try to solve the problem behind your friend''s need to use drugs. Two people together can often solve a problem that seems too big for one person alone. Studies of heavy drug users in the United States show that they felt unloved and unwanted. They didn''t have close friends to talk to. When you or your friends take the time to care for each other, you are all helping to stop drug abuse. After all, what are friends for?

听力题 Last summer I visited Mexico City to see the ancient art in museums there. I was surprised at how well I managed to get around even though I don’t speak a word of Spanish. You just have to be able to make the right decision in a tough situation. The manager of my hotel gave me a map of the city and told me that the best way to get to the museum was by subway. I didn’t know where the nearest subway was. But I was sure I would find it if I walked a little. After an hour I was still walking. I was completely lost. Just then a policeman came over and showed me the nearest station. I looked at the subway map and wall and didn’t know which line to take. In fact I wasn’t shown which station I was in. Most people would give up in that situation but not me. After I thought it over, I knew exactly what to do. I went upstairs and took a taxi. Last summer I visited Mexico City to see the ancient art in museums there. I was surprised at how well I managed to get around even though I don’t speak a word of Spanish. You just have to be able to make the right decision in a tough situation. The manager of my hotel gave me a map of the city and told me that the best way to get to the museum was by subway. I didn’t know where the nearest subway was. But I was sure I would find it if I walked a little. After an hour I was still walking. I was completely lost. Just then a policeman came over and showed me the nearest station. I looked at the subway map and wall and didn’t know which line to take. In fact I wasn’t shown which station I was in. Most people would give up in that situation but not me. After I thought it over, I knew exactly what to do. I went upstairs and took a taxi.

听力题M: Can I arrange the policy over the phone

听力题M: Something very unusual happened to me this morning. W: Really? What was it? M: I was studying in the classroom when Tom came rushing in. W: Yes? M: He told me there was a telegram for me at the gate house! Someone was ill in my family. W: Goodness me! I hate telegrams. They seldom bring any good news. M: Yes, that''s just how I felt. My legs turned to water, so I asked Tom to accompany me to the school gate. W: I can imagine how you felt. M: On my way to the school gate I was thinking terrible things. What could have happened at home, you know, and all that. W: Yes, of course. I understand. M: So when I tore the telegram open, my fingers were trembling. W: Dear me! M: But when I read the telegram, I just couldn''t make heads or tails out of it. W: How strange! What did it say? M: It said: Return Immediately. Uncle seriously ill. W: Oh, I am sorry to hear that. M: But the surprising part about it is that I have no uncle. W: Indeed! M: I could hardly believe my own eyes. But it was written there in black and white. Then I happened to glance at the address to a "Carl," not "Carol." W: Well, I never! M: You can never imagine how relieved I was. W: Yes. What a relief! But what did Tom have to say? M: Tom was so embarrassed. He kept apologizing all the way back. W: He has always been quite careless. M: Something very unusual happened to me this morning. W: Really? What was it? M: I was studying in the classroom when Tom came rushing in. W: Yes? M: He told me there was a telegram for me at the gate house! Someone was ill in my family. W: Goodness me! I hate telegrams. They seldom bring any good news. M: Yes, that''s just how I felt. My legs turned to water, so I asked Tom to accompany me to the school gate. W: I can imagine how you felt. M: On my way to the school gate I was thinking terrible things. What could have happened at home, you know, and all that. W: Yes, of course. I understand. M: So when I tore the telegram open, my fingers were trembling. W: Dear me! M: But when I read the telegram, I just couldn''t make heads or tails out of it. W: How strange! What did it say? M: It said: Return Immediately. Uncle seriously ill. W: Oh, I am sorry to hear that. M: But the surprising part about it is that I have no uncle. W: Indeed! M: I could hardly believe my own eyes. But it was written there in black and white. Then I happened to glance at the address to a "Carl," not "Carol." W: Well, I never! M: You can never imagine how relieved I was. W: Yes. What a relief! But what did Tom have to say? M: Tom was so embarrassed. He kept apologizing all the way back. W: He has always been quite careless.

听力题M: I really don''t know what to do this summer

听力题The Gulf War changed the lives of ordinary people

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听力题I live in a small village in the country

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听力题 From this lookout we enjoy one of the most spectacular views of San Francisco. As you can see, the city rests on a series, of hills varying in altitude from sea level to nine hundred and thirty-eight feet. The first permanent settlement was made at this site in 1776. For thirteen years the village had fewer than one hundred inhabitants. But in 1848, with the discovery of gold, the population grew to ten thousand. The same year the name was changed from Yerba Buea to San Francisco. By 1862 telegraph communications linked San Francisco with eastern cities, and by 1869, the first transcontinental railroad connected the Pacific coast with the Atlantic seaboard. Today San Francisco has a population of almost three million. It is the financial center of the west, and serves as the terminus for trans-Pacific steamship lines and air traffic. The port of San Francisco which is almost eighteen miles long with fort-two piers, handles between five and six million tons of cargo annually. And now, if you will look to your right, you should just be able to see the east section of the Golden Gate Bridge. The bridge, which is more than one mile long, spans the harbor from San Francisco to Marin County and the Red Wood Highway. It was completed in 1937 at a cost of thirty-two million dollars and is still one of the largest suspension bridges in the world. From this lookout we enjoy one of the most spectacular views of San Francisco. As you can see, the city rests on a series, of hills varying in altitude from sea level to nine hundred and thirty-eight feet. The first permanent settlement was made at this site in 1776. For thirteen years the village had fewer than one hundred inhabitants. But in 1848, with the discovery of gold, the population grew to ten thousand. The same year the name was changed from Yerba Buea to San Francisco. By 1862 telegraph communications linked San Francisco with eastern cities, and by 1869, the first transcontinental railroad connected the Pacific coast with the Atlantic seaboard. Today San Francisco has a population of almost three million. It is the financial center of the west, and serves as the terminus for trans-Pacific steamship lines and air traffic. The port of San Francisco which is almost eighteen miles long with fort-two piers, handles between five and six million tons of cargo annually. And now, if you will look to your right, you should just be able to see the east section of the Golden Gate Bridge. The bridge, which is more than one mile long, spans the harbor from San Francisco to Marin County and the Red Wood Highway. It was completed in 1937 at a cost of thirty-two million dollars and is still one of the largest suspension bridges in the world.

听力题 There are many reasons why family life in Britain has changed so much in the last fifty years. The liberation of women in the early part of the twentieth century and the social and economic effects of World War II had a great impact on traditional family life. Women became essential to industry and the professions. During the war they had worked in factories and proved their worth, now, with the loss of millions of men, their services were indispensable to the nation. More recently, great advances in scientific knowledge, and particularly in medicine, have had enormous social consequences. Children are better cared for and are far healthier. Infant death rate is low. Above all, parents can now plan the size of their family if they wish through more effective means of birth control. Different attitudes to religion, authority and tradition generally have also greatly contributed to changes in family life. But these developments have affected all aspects of society. It is particularly interesting to note that the concept of “the family” as a social unit has survived all these challenges. There are many reasons why family life in Britain has changed so much in the last fifty years. The liberation of women in the early part of the twentieth century and the social and economic effects of World War II had a great impact on traditional family life. Women became essential to industry and the professions. During the war they had worked in factories and proved their worth, now, with the loss of millions of men, their services were indispensable to the nation. More recently, great advances in scientific knowledge, and particularly in medicine, have had enormous social consequences. Children are better cared for and are far healthier. Infant death rate is low. Above all, parents can now plan the size of their family if they wish through more effective means of birth control. Different attitudes to religion, authority and tradition generally have also greatly contributed to changes in family life. But these developments have affected all aspects of society. It is particularly interesting to note that the concept of “the family” as a social unit has survived all these challenges.

听力题(Knock, knock...) M: Come in. W: Good morning, Mr

听力题 For years scientists have been worried about the effects of air pollution on the earth''s natural conditions. Some believe the air inside many houses may be more dangerous than the air outside. It may be one hundred times worse. Indoor air pollution can cause a person to feel tired, to suffer eye-pain, headache and other problems. Some pollutants can cause breathing disorders, diseases of blood and even cancer. Most scientists agree that every modern house has some kind of indoor pollution. People began to notice the problem in the early 1970s. It is that when builders began making houses and offices they did not waste energy. To do this they built buildings that limited the flow of air between inside and outside. They also began using man-made building materials. These materials are now known to let out harmful gases. As the problem became more serious, scientists began searching for a way to deal with it. They discovered a natural pollution control system for building -green plants. Scientists do not really know how plants control air pollution. They believe that a plant''s leaves absorb or take in the pollutants. In exchange the plant lets out oxygen through its leaves and through its tiny organizations on its roots. Scientists suggest that all buildings should have one large plant or several small plants inside for every nine square meters of space. Studies of different plants show that each absorbs different chemicals. So the most effective way to clean the air is to use different kinds of plants. Having green plants inside your house can make it a prettier and safer place. For years scientists have been worried about the effects of air pollution on the earth''s natural conditions. Some believe the air inside many houses may be more dangerous than the air outside. It may be one hundred times worse. Indoor air pollution can cause a person to feel tired, to suffer eye-pain, headache and other problems. Some pollutants can cause breathing disorders, diseases of blood and even cancer. Most scientists agree that every modern house has some kind of indoor pollution. People began to notice the problem in the early 1970s. It is that when builders began making houses and offices they did not waste energy. To do this they built buildings that limited the flow of air between inside and outside. They also began using man-made building materials. These materials are now known to let out harmful gases. As the problem became more serious, scientists began searching for a way to deal with it. They discovered a natural pollution control system for building -green plants. Scientists do not really know how plants control air pollution. They believe that a plant''s leaves absorb or take in the pollutants. In exchange the plant lets out oxygen through its leaves and through its tiny organizations on its roots. Scientists suggest that all buildings should have one large plant or several small plants inside for every nine square meters of space. Studies of different plants show that each absorbs different chemicals. So the most effective way to clean the air is to use different kinds of plants. Having green plants inside your house can make it a prettier and safer place.

听力题 "Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention," says Schacter. "You''re supposed to remember something but you haven''t encoded it deeply." Encoding is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don''t pay attention to what you did because you''re involved in a conversation, you''ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox. Instead, women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment and memory relies on just that. Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness. But the cue must be clear and available. Another common episode of absent-mindedness is walking into a room and wondering why you''re there. Most likely you were thinking about something else. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room and you''ll likely remember. "Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention," says Schacter. "You''re supposed to remember something but you haven''t encoded it deeply." Encoding is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don''t pay attention to what you did because you''re involved in a conversation, you''ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox. Instead, women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment and memory relies on just that. Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness. But the cue must be clear and available. Another common episode of absent-mindedness is walking into a room and wondering why you''re there. Most likely you were thinking about something else. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room and you''ll likely remember.

听力题On Christmas Eve 1971

听力题M: What do you plan to do for Christmas

听力题 Humans use a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world''s population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis. But that doesn''t have to be the outcome. Water shortages don''t have to trouble the world— if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as we like in any way we want. Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs. Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions and pumping it to nearby crop land. No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water supply. Humans use a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world''s population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis. But that doesn''t have to be the outcome. Water shortages don''t have to trouble the world— if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as we like in any way we want. Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs. Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions and pumping it to nearby crop land. No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water supply.