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Back in the carefree days of the Noughties boom, Britain's youngsters were swept along by the buy-now-pay-later culture embraced by consumers up and down the country. During a decade of near-full employment, many【C1】______quickly from one job—and one credit card—to another, and rainy days were such a distant memory that they【C2】______seemed worth saving for. But with the supply of cheap credit【C3】______up and a generation of school and university leavers about to【C4】______the recession-hit job market, thousands of young people with no memory of the early 1990s recession are shocked into the【C5】______that the world of 2014 is very different. Katie Orme, 19, who lives in Birmingham, says she has decided never to get a credit card after seeing the problems that her parents and 22-year-old sister have had with debt—just one of the【C6】______lessons that she has had to learn. Orme finished her A-levels a year ago, and has been【C7】______for a job—and living at home with her parents—ever since. She has had to sign on to support herself and is now on a 12-week internship (实习 期) at the Prince's Trust to improve her【C8】______. The Trust says that the number of calls from【C9】______people such as Orme has shot up by 50% over six months. "It's so hard to get a job at the moment," she says, "it's better to go and get more qualifications so when more jobs are【C10】______you will be better suited."A) anxious E) flood I) neglected M) resumeB) available F) hardly J) painful N) searchingC) drying G) mostly K) realization O) skippedD) dynamic H) mug L) remedy

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled There Is No End to Learning by commenting on the famous saying, "Education is not complete with graduation." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.There Is No End to Learning

BSection C/B

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Millions of teenagers are in danger of putting their health at risk by getting hooked on e-cigarettes, experts warn. Leading health researchers say they are "very concerned" by the growing number of youngsters trying the devices as a major new study reveals one in five teenagers has accessed them. E-cigarettes have been marketed as a healthier alternative to smoking conventional cigarettes. But previous research shows e-cigarettes generate poisonous chemicals similar to those found in tobacco and may harm the lungs and immune system. Worryingly, researchers at Liverpool John Moores University discovered 16% of teenagers who have used e-cigarettes had never previously smoked. The experts also found e-cigarettes were " strongly related" to drinking among teenagers. Study author Prof. Mark Bellis warned that such " rapid penetration into teenage culture of what is essentially a new drug-use option is without precedent(先例). " He added: " Our research suggests that we should be very concerned about teenagers accessing e-cigarettes. While debate on e-cigarettes has focused largely on whether or not they act as a gateway to tobacco cigarette use, e-cigarettes themselves contain a highly addictive(上瘾的)drug that may have more serious and longer lasting impacts on children because their brains are still developing. " Researchers surveyed 16,000 students aged 14 to 17 in the North West of England and asked them about their alcohol and tobacco use. They found that one in five answered yes to the question: " Have you ever bought or tried electronic cigarettes?" More males than females said they had, and the figure increased with age and if they lived in a deprived poor area. Of the teenagers that had accessed e-cigarettes, 16% had never smoked, 23% had tried smoking but did not like it, 36% were regular smokers, 12% only smoked when drinking, and 14% were ex-smokers. The research, published in journal BMC Public Health, also found teenagers who drank alcohol were significantly more likely to have accessed e-cigarettes than non-drinkers. Among those who had never smoked, it was found that those who regularly have excessive drinking were four times more likely to access e-cigarettes than those who never drink. In all of those that drink, regardless of smoking status, e-cigarette access was associated with excessive drinking and involvement with violence after drinking. The researchers said their findings suggest that teenagers who use e-cigarettes are most susceptible(易受影响的)to other forms of substance use and risk-taking behaviour.

BSection C/B

BPart II Listening Comprehension/B

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Young Workers Push Employers for Wider Web Access[A] Ryan Tracy thought he'd entered the Dark Ages when he graduated college and arrived in the working world. His employer blocked access to Facebook, Gmail and other popular Internet sites. He had no wireless access for his laptop and often ran to a nearby cafe on work time so he could use its Wi-Fi connection to send large files. Sure, the barriers did what his employer intended: They stopped him and his colleagues from using work time to mess about online. But Tracy says the rules also got in the way of reasonable work he needed to do as a scientific analyst for a health care services company.[B] "It was a constant battle between the people that saw technology as an advantage, and those that saw it as a hindrance," says the 27-year-old Chicagoan, who now works for a different company. He was sure there had to be a better way. It's a common complaint from young people who join the work force with the expectation that their bosses will embrace technology as much as they do. Then some discover that sites they're supposed to be researching for work are blocked. Or they can't take a little down time to read a news story online or check their personal e-mail or social networking accounts. In some cases, they end up using their own Internet-enabled smart phones to get to blocked sites, either for work or fun.[C] So some are wondering: Could companies take a different approach, without compromising security or workplace efficiency, that allows at least some of the online access that younger employees particularly long for? "It's no different than spending too much time around the water cooler or making too many personal phone calls. Do you take those away? No," says Gary Rudman, president of GTR Consulting, a market research firm that tracks the habits of young people. "These two worlds will continue to conflict until there's a mutual understanding that performance, not Internet usage, is what really matters."[D] This is, after all, a generation of young people known for what University of Toronto sociologist Barry Wellman calls "media multiplexity (多重性)." College students he has studied tell him how they sleep with their smart phones and, in some cases, consider their electronic tools to be like a part of their bodies. They're also less likely to fit the traditional 9-to-5 work mode and are willing to put in time after hours in exchange for flexibility, including online time. So, Wellman and others argue, why not embrace that working style when possible, rather than fight it?[E] There is, of course, another side of the story—from employers who worry about everything from wasted time on the Internet to giving away secret information and liability for what their employees do online. Such concerns have to be taken especially seriously in such highly regulated fields as finance and health care, says Nancy Flynn, a corporate consultant who heads the Ohio-based ePolicy Institute. From a survey Flynn did this year with the American Management Association, she believes nearly half of U.S. employers have a policy banning visits to personal social networking or video sharing sites during work hours. Many also ban personal text messaging during working days. Flynn notes that the rising popularity of BlackBerrys, iPhones and other devices with Web access and messaging have made it much more difficult to enforce what's being done on work time, particularly on an employee's personal phone. Or often the staff uses unapproved software applications to get around the blocks.[F] As a result, more employers are experimenting with opening access. That's what Joe Dwyer decided to do when he started Chicago-based Brill Street & Co., a jobs site for young professionals. He lets his employees use social networking and has found that, while they might spend time chatting up their friends, sometimes they're asking those same friends for advice for a work problem or looking for useful contacts. "So what seems unproductive can be very productive," Dwyer says. Kraft Foods Inc. recently opened access to everything from YouTube to Facebook and Hotmail, with the warning that personal use be reasonable and never interfere with job activities.[G] Broadening access does, of course, mean some employees will cross lines they aren't supposed to. Sapphire Technologies LP, an information-technology staffing firm based in Massachusetts, started allowing employees to use most Internet sites two years ago, because recruiters for the company were going on Facebook to find talent. Martin Perry, the company's chief information officer, says managers occasionally have to give employees a "slap on the wrist" for watching sports on streaming video or downloading movies on iTunes. And he says older managers sometimes raise eyebrows at their younger peers' online judgment. "If you saw some of the pictures that they've uploaded, even to our internal directory, you'd question the maturity," Perry says. It's the price a company has to pay, he says, for attracting top young talent that's willing to work at any hour. "Banning the Internet during work hours would be short-sighted on our part," Perry says.[H] But that also means many companies are still figuring out their online policies and how to deal with the unclear lines between work and personal time—including social networking, even with the boss. "I think over time, an open embrace of these tools can become like an awkward embrace," says Mary Madden, a senior research specialist at the Pew Internet & American Life Project. "It can get very messy." One option is for companies to allow access to certain sites but limit what employees can do there. For instance, Palo Alto Networks, a computer security company, recently helped a furniture maker open up social networking for some employees, but limited such options as file-sharing, largely so that sensitive information isn't transferred, even accidentally. "Wide-open Internet access is the risky approach," says Chris King, Palo Alto Networks' director of product marketing. However, "fully closed is increasingly unsustainable for cultural reasons and business reasons."[I] Flynn, at the ePolicy Institute, says it's important that employers have a clear online policy and then explain it. She believes not enough employers have conducted formal training on such matters as online liability and confidentiality (保密性). Meantime, her advice to any employee is this: "Don't start blogging. Don't start chatting. Don't even start e-mailing until you read the company policy."

中国是世界上公认发明指南针的国家。早在2400多年前，中国人就创造出世界上最早的指南针。后来经过不断改进，到 宋朝 (the Song Dynasty)人们制造出铁针指南针并应用于航海。中国是第一个在海船上使用指南针的国家。指南针为 明代 (the Ming Dynasty)郑和下西洋提供了条件。后来指南针传入欧洲，推动了欧洲航海事业的发展，为 哥伦布 (Columbus)的航行提供了技术保证。

风水(Fengshui)是一门使人与环境达到和谐的艺术，是中国哲学在环境上的反映。

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舞狮 (lion dance)是中国的一种传统舞蹈形式，在重大节日和隆重活动中经常可以看到。舞狮起源于 三国时期 (the Three Kingdoms Period)，至今已有1000多年的历史。舞狮一般由两人表演，一人舞狮头，另一人舞狮身和狮尾。表演者在 锣鼓 (gongs and drums)音乐的伴奏下，表演狮子的各种动作。舞狮随着华人移居海外而闻名世界，尤其是在东南亚国家，但每一个国家和地区都有自己的舞狮风格。

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{{B}}Part I Writing{{/B}}

广州以“购物天堂”著称。这里有众多的市场、商业街和购物中心。各种世界名牌 商品 (commodity)都可以在这里找到，你可以在市中心买到几乎任何你想要的东西。在广州，同类型的商店通常扎堆在一起，久而久之就形成了许多具有鲜明特色的街道。夜市是从黄昏开市至午夜，销售日常用品、衣服和食物。它不仅方便了购物者，也是一种夜生活。

"Opinion" is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn't attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most attach great importance to it. "I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours," and "Everyone's entitled to his opinion," are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another's opinion is likely to be branded intolerant. Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another's opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend "what do you think of the new Ford cars?" And he may reply, "In my opinion, they're ugly." In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For it's obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, "It's pointless to argue about matters of taste." But consider this very different use of the term. A newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not show their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes. They stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation. Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence. Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.

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