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More than fifty years ago, the United Nations declared that literacy is a basic human right. It's very important for【B1】______the lives of individuals. However, it is【B2】______that 818 million adults around the world are illiterate, that is, they are unable to read or write.【B3】______them are women. More than 110 million school age children in the world do not【B4】______school. Many others complete school or【B5】______finish their studies without learning to read or write. Many countries depend on the efforts of people who offer their time to help illiterate individuals. For example, John Mogger【B6】______the problem of illiteracy three years ago, so he started teaching five prisoners in Brazil. In his teaching, he developed a system with this group of prisoners. He says his way of teaching can help anyone learn how to read and write with about thirty hours of study. To learn his system, people must first know how to write letters of the【B7】______and learn which sounds they 【B8】______. The system divides letters into three groups. The first group of letters can be written between two lines. The second can be written between two lines but part of the letter is above the top line. The third group has letters that are partly written【B9】______the lower line. John Mogger taught his students to write simple words from the letters. In this way, his students learned more than seven hundred words. Many of them can now write to family members. They also can read newspapers and【B10】______.
BSection A/B
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{{B}}Part II Listening Comprehension{{/B}}
We ask ourselves what we mean by referring to that which we have observed by such a term as multiple personality. Immediately we face the more fundamental question: What is the real referent of this familiar word personality? In ordinary use we all encounter dozens of unidentical referents, perhaps hundreds of overlapping concepts, all with vague and elusive areas extending indefinitely, vaguely fading out into limitless implications. Any day we may hear that John Doe has become a new man since he quit liquor three years ago. Perhaps we tell ourselves that Harvard actually made a different person of that boy across the street who used to aggravate all the neighbours with his mischievous depredations. Many religious people describe the experience of being converted or born again in terms that to the sceptical often seem chiefly fantastic. With considerable truth, perhaps, it may be stated that after her marriage Mary Blank changed, that she has become another woman. So, too, when a man' s old friends say that since the war he hasn't been the same fellow they used to know. The statement, however, inaccurate, may indicate something real. Every now and then it is said that a certain woman' s absorption in her home and children has resulted in her losing her entire personality. Though such sayings are never taken literally, there is often good reason to be taken seriously. Are they not exaggerations or distortions used to indicate very imperfectly what is by no means totally untrue but what cannot be put precisely, or fully, into words? The real meaning of such familiar statements, however significant, helps us only a little in explaining what we think we have encountered in the case reported. Though often distinguished from each of the other terms, "personality" is sometimes used more or less as a synonym or approximation for "mind", "disposition", "soul", "spirit" etc. Often this protean word narrows(or broadens)in use to indicate chiefly the attractiveness, or unattractiveness, of some woman or man. In psychiatry its most specific function today is perhaps that of implying a unified total, of indicating more than "intelligence" or "character". There is no distinct or commonly understood referent for our word "personality". It is useful for us despite its elasticity, often because of its elasticity. If they are to be helpful all such elastic terms must be used tentatively. Otherwise they may lead us at once into violent and confused disagreement about what are likely to be imaginary questions, more conflicts of arbitrary definition. Bearing this in mind we feel it proper to speak of Eve Black, Eve White and of Jane as three "personalities".
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《三字经》
(Three character Primer)是中国古代的儿童识字课本，也是中国传统的儿童
启蒙
(enlightenment)读物。在传统教育中，小孩子们都是通过背诵《三字经》来识字和学习道理的。《三字经》共1000多字，
三字一句
(three-character verse)，便于记忆。它的表达生动简洁，内容广泛，包括传统的教育、历史、天文、地理、道德以及一些
民间传说
(folklore)等。《三字经》至今依然有着很强的
生命力
(vitality)，大多数人在童年时都有背诵《三字经》的经历。它深远而持久地影响着每个中国人，是中国古代文明的宝贵
遗产
（legacy)。
有钱消费的新兴中产阶层快速崛起、交通枢纽的改善、签证限制的逐渐减少以及有利的政府政策，所有这些因素促成中国旅游业在国内外的繁荣。从2010年至2020年，中国旅游业有望以每年6个百分点的速度增长——全球最快的速度。这吸引了国外许多公司前来中国开设度假
胜地
(resort)。与此同时，中国旅游消费的很大份额流到境外。2009年中国大陆人到海外旅游达到4700万次。政府预计在接下来十年中，到国外旅游的人数将达到1亿，使中国成为全世界最大的
出境
(outbound)游市场。
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To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf's assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change. Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire(变得混乱)and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination. Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was a revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few. In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.
创新型经济
(innovative economy)一种可持续、健康的经济，体现了节约资源的理念。创新型经济强调经济发展要靠知识、人才和创新，而不是依赖自然资源、劳动力和资本的投入。知识和人才是创新型经济最重要的要素，知识是创新的源泉，人才是创新的主体。目前中国经济的发展主要建立在资源消耗的基础上，因此应重视资源的节约和合理利用。只有从传统经济模式向创新型经济转变，才能促进经济的可持续发展。
自从1978年市场化改革(market reforms)以来，中国经济已经逐渐从集中的计划经济向市场经济转变，中国经济和社会发展迅速。
BSection A/B
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BSection B/B