The "paperless office" has earned a proud place on lists of technological promises that did not come to pass. Surely, though, the more modest goal of the carbon-paperless office is within the reach of mankind? Carbon paper allows two copies of a document to be made at once. Nowadays, a couple of keystrokes can do the same thing with a lot less fuss. Yet carbon paper persists. Forms still need to be filled out in a way that produces copies. This should not come as a surprise. Innovation tends to create new niches (合适的职业) , rather than refill those that already exist. So technologies may become marginal, but they rarely go extinct. And today the little niches in which old technologies take refuge are ever more viable and accessible, thanks to the Internet and the fact that production no longer needs to be so mass; making small numbers of obscure items is growing easier. On top of that, a widespread technostalgia (技术怀旧) seeks to preserve all the ways people have ever done anything, simply because they are kind of neat. As a result, technologies from all the way back to the stone-age persist and even flourish in the modern world. According to What Technology Wants, a book by Kevin Kelly, one of the founders of Wired magazine, America's flintknappers (燧石工) produce over a million new arrow and spear heads every year. One of the things technology wants, it seems, is to survive. Carbon paper, to the extent that it may have a desire for self-preservation, may also take comfort in the fact that, for all that this is a digital age, many similar products are hanging on, and even making comebacks. Indeed, digital technologies may prove to be more transient than their predecessors. They are based on the idea that the medium on which a file's constituents Os and Is are stored doesn't matter, and on Alan Turing's insight that any computer can mimic any other, given enough memory and time. This suggests that new digital technologies should be able to wipe out their predecessors completely. And early digital technologies do seem to be vanishing. The music cassette is enjoying a little renaissance, its very faithlessness apparently part of its charm; but digital audio tape seems doomed. So revolutionary digital technologies may yet discard older ones to the dustbin. Perhaps this will be the case with a remarkable breakthrough in molecular (分子的) technology that could, in principle, store all the data ever recorded in a device that could fit in the back of a van. In this instance, it would not be a matter of the new extinguishing the old. Though it may never have been used for MP3s and PDFs before, DNA has been storing data for over three billion years. And it shows no sign of going extinct.

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自上世纪70年代末以来，中国许多最优秀、最聪明的人才赴海外留学。但学成归国的只有少数。中国 人才流失 (brain drain)现象严重。在全球化的世界，中国需要越来越多具备国际教育背景的人才。因此国家开展了一系列引进海外人才的项目，成功吸引了越来越多的留学生回国进入国企、教育机构和商业园区工作。如今，每年都有超过15万的海外留学生回国。他们将中国经济与世界相连，使中国的商业、政治以及流行文化走向世界。

Americans Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen and Robert Shiller won the Nobel Prize for economics on Monday for developing methods to study trends in stock, bond and housing markets. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said that through their research, the three had laid the【C1】 1of the current understanding of asset prices and changed the way people invest. While it's【C2】 2whether stock or bond prices will go up or down in the short term, it's possible to foresee【C3】 3over periods of three years or longer, the academy said. "These findings, which might seem surprising and contradictory, were【C4】 4made and analyzed by this year's prize winners," the academy said. Fama, 74, and Hansen, 60, are【C5】 5with the University of Chicago. Shiller, 67, is a professor at Yale University. Starting in the 1960s, Fama and others showed how difficult it is to predict individual stock prices in the short run. His findings【C6】 6the practice of investing, leading to the emergence of index funds. Two decades later, Shiller showed that there is more predictability in the long run in stock and bond markets, while Hansen developed a【C7】 7method to test theories of asset pricing. "These are three【C8】 8different kinds of people and the thing that unites them all is asset pricing," says David Warsh, who tracks academic economists on his Economic Principals blog. The economics award is not a Nobel Prize in the same sense as the medicine, chemistry, physics, literature and peace prizes, which were【C9】 9by Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel in 1895. Sweden's central bank added the economics prize in 1968 as a【C10】 10to Nobel. A)unpredictable B)foundation C)supplementary D)utterly E)fellowship F)movements G)illuminates H)memorial I)inaugurated J)separately K)created L)statistical M)associated N)cooperatively O)revolutionized 【C1】

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中国人春节张贴门神(door gods)像是一项重要的风俗。门神像就是张贴在屋内屋外门上的神灵的画像。人们希望它们能驱鬼，保护家人，带来平安和吉祥。胖娃娃的图画通常被认为是屋内的门神，意味着好运、长寿和人丁兴旺。大门的门神有几种不同的形式，最早的门神是神荼(Shen Shu)和郁垒。如今，最常见的门神是元朝时期流行起来的秦叔宝和尉迟恭(Yuchi Gong)。秦叔宝皮肤煞白，常常佩剑；而尉迟恭皮肤黝黑，常常佩棍。他们总是成对地出现。

春联 (Spring Festival couplets)，是中国特有的一种文学形式，有着悠久的历史。春联上的文字简洁、精巧，象征着人们对未来的巨大期盼，表达人们对新年的美好愿望。贴春联是春节的一大传统习俗，也是中国人欢度新年春节的重要方式。每逢春节，无论在城市还是农村，家家户户都要精心挑选一副大红春联贴在门上，为节日增加 喜庆(festive) 气氛。各家各户会根据自家的情况选择不同内容的春联，比如商人的家庭会张贴与发财有关的春联，农民家庭则选择表达丰收愿望的春联。

人们从工作、读书的地方回到家里，在除夕夜与家人一起吃团圆饭。

公益广告的主题一般取材于老百姓的日常生活，如健康、安全和环保等。

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOfferingYourSeat.Youshouldstartwithabriefdescriptionofthepicture,thenexplainitsintendedmeaning,andexpressyourviewsonit.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

西湖 (West Lake)位于浙江省杭州市西部，是 江南 (south of the Yangtze River)三大名湖之一。它三面环山，湖区内有大量的寺庙、 古塔 (pagoda)、园林和人造岛，它是中国园林设计师的重要灵感来源。西湖景区拥有美丽的自然风光和 历史古迹 (historic relic)，深刻影响了中国历史上的诗人和画家。 “三潭印月” (Three Pools Mirroring the Moon)的景观出现在壹圆纸币的背面，体现着西湖在中国悠久文化中的重要地位。2011年西湖凭借独特的风光和大量杰出的文化景观而入选世界文化遗产。

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{{B}}Part I Writing{{/B}}

北京大学的成立标志着中国近代史上高等教育的开始。

{{B}}Part Ⅳ Translation{{/B}}

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Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic"TheGradualLossofSocialMorality".Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200wordswhichshouldcover:1)describingthemeaningofcartoonbriefly:2)statingitsmainidea:3)givingyourcomment.

BSection C/B

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长江 (the Yangtze River)是世界第三长河，中国第一长河，全长6380公里。它发源于青海省，一路无数河流汇入，向东注入 东海 (the East China Sea)。作为中国古文化的发祥地，长江在历史、文化和经济上都对中国的发展有着极其重要的作用。长江是中国重要的运输线，被称为 “黄金水道” (the Golden Waterway)，它将内陆和沿海的港口以及其他主要城市连接在一起。长江沿岸的自然风景非常秀丽，有众多的旅游景观。辽阔的 长江流域 (the Yangtze Basin)，拥有丰富的自然资源，自古以来就是中国最重要的农业生产基地。