For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled Self-confidence. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

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中国经济的飞速发展使中国的国际地位和影响力得到了提升。

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Wang Li. Write a letter to Jin Bian Attorney-at-law to apply for a position of legal secretary. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below. 1．申请法律秘书职务。 2．说明自己的专业。 3．请求面谈。

相声 (crosstalk)是中国传统的 喜剧 (comedic)表演形式。开始于明清时期，盛行于当代。一般由两名表演者完成，主要以说笑话或幽默的对话来引观众发笑。相声强调说、学、逗、唱这四项技能，语言一般富于 双关和影射 (pun and illusion)”。相声是中国最受欢迎的表演艺术之一。主要用北京话讲，流行于中国北方。相声以其精湛的内容和独特的艺术形式，成为一种优秀的民族艺术。但进入新世纪以来，相声的影响力逐渐减弱。它的主流地位逐渐被其他的表演形式所取代。

啃老族 (NEET group)是指那些既没有上学、也没有就业或接受职业培训的年轻人，年龄在20岁至30岁之间。他们主动放弃了就业的机会，赋闲在家，而原因并不是找不到工作。他们的日常生活依靠父母，而且花销往往不菲。啃老族的出现多半是因为父母过于溺爱。调查显示，在中国的城市里，目前约有七成无业青年靠父母养活。如今这一现象已经成为全国性的社会问题，带来了很多麻烦，并严重影响社会的和谐与稳定。

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Adaptation Should Not Go Too Far from the Classics. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 主要内容如下： 1．近年来，许多经典名著被胡乱改编。 2．出现这种现象的原因是…… 3．为改变这一状况，我认为……

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybasedonthepictureblow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefaccountoftheimpactofairpollutionandthensuggesthowtomaketheaircleaner.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

随着 计划生育政策 (the family planning policy)的推行和家庭观念的改变，中国传统的家庭规模和结构发生了明显变化。一是独生子女家庭增多，家庭平均人口逐渐下降。二是家庭结构呈现出小型化(miniaturization)趋势，传统的大家庭逐渐被核心家庭取代。家庭规模与结构的变化。使家庭中的人际关系变得简单，成员之间的相互依赖性日益增强。但是，家庭规模和结构的变化也带来了一些负面影响，如中国的人口老龄化速度急剧上升， 空巢家庭 (empty-nest family)增加等。

Nine of the ten campuses of the University of California—led by Berkeley—once again made it into an annual ranking of the world's leading universities. All's well in Californian higher education, it might seem. But that is not what Pat Brown or Clark Kerr would say, were they alive today. They were, respectively, governor of the state and president of the University of California in 1960, when California adopted a " master plan" that became an international model. Their aim was not only to have excellent public universities, but to give the state's population nearly universal and free access to them. Some pupils would enter so-called community colleges for a two-year vocational programme, others one of the(now 23)campuses of the California State University, and the best might go to a UC campus. In order to assure access for all, tuition charges were banned—only " fees" for some costs other than education were allowed. Most funding was to come from taxpayers. The premise was that higher education was a public good for the state, which was nursing its own future entrepreneurs and taxpayers. As Mr. Kerr put it, the universities were "bait(诱饵)to be hung in front of industry, with drawing power greater than low taxes or cheap labour". That consensus has been overturned. In 1990, the state paid 78% of the cost of educating each student. That ratio dropped to 47% last year, and will fall even more during the current academic year, after the latest round of budget cuts, overseen by Jerry Brown, the current governor and son of Pat Brown. In some ways, California has now inverted the priorities of the older Brown's era. Spending on prisons passed spending on universities in around 2004. This has led to concerns that the public universities might lose their excellence. It takes money to attract the best professors, and the best students follow them. An alternative to worse public universities, however, is quasi-privatized(半私有化)ones. That seems to be the route taken in California. Thus students will this year, for the first time, pay more for tuition than the state gives in funding. This follows years of tuition fee increases far steeper than the average at American public universities. A place at a UC campus can easily now cost $ 13,000, or $31,000 including housing given California's high costs. To raise other revenues, the various campuses also admit ever more out-of-state students(who pay three times more)and target rich graduates for more donations. Led by the business and law schools, they behave increasingly like private universities, in other words. This strategy retains pockets of excellence. But it also runs counter to the philosophy of the master plan, by pricing ever more Californian families out of a place. The state now ranks 41st in the number of college degrees awarded for every 100 of its high school graduates.

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A new high-performance contact lens under development at the department for applied physics at the University of Heidelberg will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance normal night vision as much as five times, making people's vision sharper than that of cats. Bille and his team work with an optical instrument called an active mirror—a device used in astronomical telescopes to spot newly emerging stars and far distant galaxies. Connected to a wave-front sensor that tracks and measures the course of a laser beam into the eye and back, the aluminum mirror detects the deficiencies of the cornea, the transparent protective layer covering the lens of the human eye. The highly precise data from the two instruments—which, Bille hopes, will one day be found at the opticians(眼镜商)all over the world—serve as a basis for the production of completely individualized contact lenses that correct and enhance the wearer's vision. By day, Bille's contact lenses will focus rays of light so accurately on the retina(视网膜)that the image of a small leaf or the outline of a far distant tree will be formed with a sharpness that surpasses that of conventional vision aids by almost half a diopter(屈光度). At night, the lenses have an even greater potential. "Because the new lens—in contrast to the already existing ones—also works when it's dark and the pupil is wide open," says Bille, "lens wearers will be able to identify a face at a distance of 100 meters"—80 meters farther than they would normally be able to see. In his experiments night vision was enhanced by an even greater factor: in semi-darkness, test subjects could see up to 15 times better than without the lenses. Bille's lenses are expected to reach the market in the year 30, and one tentative plan is to use the Internet to transmit information on patients' visual defects from the optician to the manufacturer, who will then produce and mail the contact lenses within a couple of days. The physicist expects the lenses to cost about a dollar a pair, about the same as conventional one-day disposable lenses.

Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined. C. R. Barnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building. Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water. The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root. They are carried to all parts of the growing plant and are built into essential plant materials while in a dissolved state. The carbon dioxide(CO2)from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is dissolved in water in the leaf before it is combined with a part of the water to form simple sugars—the base material from which the plant body is mainly built. Actively growing plant parts are generally 75 to 90 percent water. Structural parts of plants, such as woody stems no longer actively growing, may have much less water than growing tissues. The actual amount of water in the plant at any one time, however, is only a very small part of what passes through it during its development. The processes of photosynthesis, by which carbon dioxide and water are combined—in the presence of chlorophyll(叶绿素)and with energy derived from light—to form sugars, require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant. This occurs mainly in the leaves. The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of minute openings, through which the carbon dioxide enters. The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf, however, permits another gas—water vapor—to be lost from it. Since carbon dioxide is present in the air only in trace quantities(3 to 4 parts in 10,000 parts of air)and water vapor is near saturation in the air spaces within the leaf(at 80°F, saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in 10,000 parts of air), the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake. Actually, because of wind and other factors, the loss of water in proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater than the relative concentrations of the two gases. Also, not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohydrates(碳水化合物).

“互联网+”(Internet+)代表一种新的经济形态。通俗来讲，“互联网+”就是“互联网+各个传统行业”，利用信息通信技术以及互联网平台，让互联网与传统行业进行深度融合，创造新的发展生态。“互联网+”战略的核心内容有两方面：一是运用互联网促进传统产业转型升级和发展水平提升；二是催生以互联网为基础的新兴业态和新的经济增长点。“互联网+”的时代不可阻挡地来临了，它创造了人类新的需求，改变了我们与世界互动的方式。

Do people get happier or more foul-tempered as they age? Stereotypes of irritable neighbors【C1】______.scientists have been trying to answer this question for【C2】______.and the results have been conflicting. Now a study of several thousand Americans born between 1885 and 1980【C3】______that well-being indeed increases with age but overall happiness depends on when a person was born. 【C4】______studies that have compared older adults with the middle-aged and young have sometimes found that older adults are not as happy. But these studies could not【C5】______whether their discontent was because of their age or because of their different life experience. The new study, published online January 24 in Psychological Science,【C6】______out the answer by examining 30 years of data on thousands of Americans, including psychological measures of mood and well-being, reports of job and relationship success, and objective measures of health. The researchers found, after controlling for【C7】______such as health, wealth, gender, ethnicity and education, that well-being increases over everyone' s lifetime. But people who have lived through extreme【C8】______, such as the Great Depression, start off much less happy than those who have had more comfortable lives. This finding helps to explain why past studies have found【C9】______results— experience matters, and tough times can influence an entire generation's happiness for the rest of their lives. The good news is, no matter what we' ve lived through, we can all look forward to feeling more【C10】______as we age.A)reveals B)decades C)besides D)contentE)tough F)teased G)previous H)conflictingI)discern J)establish K)variables L)ruledM)aside N)hardship O)measures

中华人民共和国成立以来，为提高国民素质，政府致力于普及九年义务教育。