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George Herbert Mead said that humans are talked into humanity. He meant we gain personal identity as we communicate with others. In the earliest years of our lives, our parents tell us who we are. "You are 【B1】______." "You are so strong." We first see ourselves through the eyes of others, so their messages form important 【B2】______ of our self-concepts. Later we interact with teachers, friends, 【B3】______ partners, and co-workers who communicate their views of us. Thus, how we see ourselves 【B4】______ the views of us that others communicate.The 【B5】______ connection between identity and communication is 【B6】______ evident in children who are 【B7】______ of human contact. Case studies of children who are isolated from others reveal that they lack a firm self-concept, and their mental and psychological development is severely 【B8】______ by lack of language. Communication with others not only affects our sense of identity but also directly influences our physical and emotional well-being. Consistently, 【B9】____________. People who lack close friends have greater levels of anxiety and depression than people who are close to others. 【B10】____________. The conclusion was that social isolation is statistically as dangerous as high-blood pressure, smoking, and obesity. Many doctors and researchers believe that 【B11】____________.

丝绸之路 (the Silk Road)是中国古代最著名的贸易路线。在这条路上运输的商品中，丝绸占很大部分，因此得名“丝绸之路”。丝绸之路起点始于长安，终点远达印度、罗马等国家。丝绸之路从汉代开始形成，到唐代达到鼎盛，骆驼曾是丝绸之路上的主要交通工具。中国的造纸、印刷等伟大发明通过这条路传播到了西方，而 佛教 (Buddhism)等宗教也被引入中国。丝绸之路不仅仅是古代国际贸易路线，更是连接亚洲、非洲、欧洲的文化桥梁。

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中国茶文化已渗透到中国文化的各个方面，包括诗词、绘画、宗教、医学等领域。

Mathematical ability and musical ability may not seem on the surface to be connected, but people who have researched the subject and studied the brain say that they are. Three quarters of the bright but speech-delayed children in the group I studied had a close relative who was an engineer, mathematician or scientist, and four fifths had a close relative who played a musical instrument. The children themselves usually took readily to math and other analytical subjects and to music. Black, white and Asian children in this group show the same patterns. However, it is clear that blacks have been greatly overrepresented in the development of American popular music and greatly underrepresented in such fields as mathematics, science and engineering. If the abilities required in analytical fields and in music are so closely related, how can there be this great discrepancy ? One reason is that the development of mathematical and other such abilities requires years of formal schooling, while certain musical talents can be developed with little or no formal training, as has happened with a number of well-known black musicians. It is precisely in those kinds of music where one can acquire great skill without formal training that blacks have excelled popular music rather than classical music, piano rather than violin, blues rather than opera. This is readily understandable, given that most blacks, for most of American histo ry, have not had either the money or the leisure for long years of formal study in music. Blacks have not merely held their own in American popular music. They have played a disproportionately large role in the development of jazz, both traditional and modern A long string of names comes to mind—Duke Ellington, Scott Joplin, W.C. Handy, Louis Armstrong, Charlie Parker... and so on None of this indicates any special innate ability of blacks in music. On the contrary, it is per fectly consistent with blacks having no more such inborn ability than anyone else, but being limited to being able to express such ability in narrower channels than others who have had the money, the time and the formal education to spread out over a wider range of music, as well as into mathematics, science and engineering.

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on people living in the countryside are happier than living in the city. Your essay should focus on the reasons for this phenomenon. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

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Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled On the Importance of Being Grateful by commenting on the saying, "An attitude of gratitude brings great things". You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Too many vulnerable child-free adults are being ruthlessly(无情的)manipulated into parent-hood by their parents, who think that happiness among older people depends on having a grandchild to spoil. We need an organization to help beat down the persistent campaigns of grandchildless parents. It's time to establish Planned Grandparenthood, which would have many global and local benefits. Part of its mission would be to promote the risks and realities associated with being a grandparent. The staff would include depressed grandparents who would explain how grandkids break lamps, bite, scream and kick. Others would detail how an hour of baby-sitting often turns into a crying marathon. More grandparents would testify that they had to pay for their grandchild's expensive college education. Planned grandparenthood's carefully written literature would detail all the joys of life grandchild-free: a calm living room, extra money for luxuries during the golden years, etc. Potential grandparents would be reminded that, without grandchildren around, it's possible to have a conversation with your kids, who—incidentally—would have more time for their own parents. Meanwhile, most children are vulnerable to the enormous influence exerted by grandchildless parents aiming to persuade their kids to produce children. They will take a call from a persistent parent, even if they're loaded with work. In addition, some parents make handsome money offers payable upon the grandchild's birth. Sometimes these gifts not only cover expenses associated with the infant's birth, but extras, too, like a vacation. In any case, cash gifts can weaken the resolve of even the noblest person. At Planned Grandparenthood, children targeted by their parents to reproduce could obtain non-biased information about the insanity of having their own kids. The catastrophic psychological and economic costs of childbearing would be emphasized. The symptoms of morning sickness would be listed and horrors of childbirth pictured. A monthly newsletter would contain stories about overwhelmed parents and offer guidance on how childless adults can respond to the different lobbying tactics that would-be grandparents employ. When I think about all the problems of our overpopulated world and look at our boy grabbing at the lamp by the sofa, I wish I could have turned to Planned Grandparenthood when my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me. If I could have, I might not be in this parenthood predicament(窘境). But here's the crazy irony. I don't want my child-free life back. Dylan's too much fun.

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{{B}}Part Ⅳ Translation{{/B}}

中国梦 (China Dream)是习近平主席提出的指导思想。他认为“中国梦”是中华民族近代最伟大的梦想，并表示这个梦一定能实现。“中国梦”的核心目标是实现中华民族的 伟大复兴 (the great rejuvenation)，具体来说就是实现国家富强、民族复兴和人民幸福。其根本要求是全面建成 小康社会 (a well-off society)。实现“中国梦”必须坚持走中国特色社会主义道路。只有国家全面、科学地发展，个人才能实现梦想。同样，只有每个人都充满激情。“中国梦”才能够美丽。

春节是中国人一年中的第一个传统佳节。过去，春节被称为“新年”，因为按照中国一直沿用的农历，这天是正月初一，为新一年的开头。据记载，中国人民过春节已有4000多年的历史，它是由虞舜兴起的。公元前两千多年的一天，舜即天子位，带领着部下人员，祭拜天地。从此，人们就把这一天当作岁首，算是正月初一。据说这就是农历新年的由来，后来叫春节。1911年辛亥革命后，中国采用公历纪年，农历新年便改称“春节”。

长城被称为中国的奇迹，拥有两千多年的历史。从空中俯瞰，它像一条长龙，从西向东蜿蜒前行，总长约6700公里。从 春秋战国时期 (the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period)起，各诸侯国开始修建城墙以保护边境。秦朝建立以后，秦始皇把这些城墙连接起来，成为长城。然而，当时的长城大都已经在战争中损毁，而现存的长城主要是明朝时修建的。长城最初是为了抵抗来自北方的侵略，如今已成为旅游胜地，吸引了来自世界各地的游客。有句谚语：“不到长城非好汉”，足以见证长城的 雄伟壮观 (grandeur)。

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark "Adversity Leads to Prosperity". You can cite examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to overcome adversity. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.

Many current discussions of immigration issues talk about immigrants in general, as if they were abstract people in an abstract world. But the concrete differences between immigrants from different countries affect whether their coming here is good or bad for the American people.The very thought of formulating immigration laws from the standpoint of what is best for the American people seems to have been forgotten by many who focus on how to solve the problems of illegal immigration. It is hard to look for "the ideal outcome" on immigration in the abstract. Economics professor Milton Friedman once said, "The best is the enemy of the good," which to me meant that attempts to achieve an unattainable ideal can prevent us from reaching good outcomes that are possible in practice. Too much of our current immigration controversy is conducted in terms of abstract ideals, such as "We are a nation of immigrants." Of course we are a nation of immigrants. But we are also a nation of people who wear shoes. Does it follow that we should admit anybody who wears shoes? The immigrants of today are very different from those who arrived here a hundred years ago. Moreover, the society in which they arrive is different. To me, it is better to build a wall around the welfare state than the country. But the welfare state is already here—and, Jar from having a wall built around it, the welfare state is expanding in all directions. We do not have a choice between the welfare state and open borders. Anything we try to do as regards immigration laws has to be done in the context of a huge welfare state that is already a major, inescapable fact of life. Among other facts of life utterly ignored by many advocates of de facto amnesty(事实上的大赦) is that the free international movement of people is different from free international trade in goods. Buying cars or cameras from other countries is not the same as admitting people from those countries or any other countries. Unlike inanimate objects, people have cultures and not all cultures are compatible with the culture in this country that has produced such benefits for the American people for so long. Not only the United States, but the Western world in general, has been discovering the hard way that admitting people with incompatible cultures is an irreversible decision with incalculable consequences. If we do not see that after recent terrorist attacks on the streets of Boston and London, when will we see it? "Comprehensive immigration reform" means doing everything all together in a rush, without time to look before we leap, and basing ourselves on abstract notions about abstract people.

《史记》 (Records of the Grand Historian)是中国第一本 纪传体通史 (general history based on biography)，由中国西汉时期的历史学家司马迁编写。该书由五部分组成，共130篇，五十多万字，记载了古代中国两千多年的历史。《史记》不以时间为顺序．而是以人物为中心来记录历史事实，开创了新的史书写作手法。《史记》内容涉及广泛，不仅谈及政治．还包括哲学、经济、民族关系等多个话题。它不但是一部杰出的史学著作，而且是一部优秀的文学巨著，具有很高的文学价值。