[此试题无题干]
[此试题无题干]
[此试题无题干]
唐朝始于618年，终于907年，是中国历史上最灿烂的时期。经过近三百年的发展，唐代中国成为世界上最繁荣的强国，其首都长安是当时世界上最大的都市。这一时期，经济发达、商业繁荣、社会秩序稳定，甚至边境也对外开放。随着城市化和财富的增加，艺术和文学也繁荣起来。李白和杜甫是以作品简洁自然而著称的诗人。他们的诗歌打动了学者和普通人的心。即使在今天，他们的许多诗歌仍广为儿童及成人阅读背诵。
{{B}}Section C{{/B}}
In the push to cut the amount of carbon we release into the atmosphere, solutions usually focus on how to reduce our power use or how to replace our carbon fuels with renewable sources.
But even in the most optimistic situation, we will be using fossil fuels such as coal for years to come. China and India aren't going to suddenly shut down all their new coal power plants, nor will Western industrial giants close their factories overnight. Solar and wind may be today's attractive new energy sources, but coal is the fastest-growing fuel in the world, boasting twice the known gas reserves and three times the known oil reserves. "Coal is here to stay," Milton Catelin, head of the World Coal Institute, told the World Future Energy Summit in Abu Dhabi.
That's why governments and industry have recently begun to pay more attention to carbon capture and storage (CCS)—a process that traps CO
2
produced by factories and gas or coal power stations and then stores it, usually underground.
The potential impact of CCS is huge. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change says CCS could contribute between 10% and 55% of the accumulative worldwide carbon-reduction effort over the next 90 years.
Though it requires up to 40% more energy to run a CCS coal power plant than a regular coal plant, CCS could potentially capture about 90% of all the carbon emitted by the plant To solve the problem of climate change, we "need to use every option we can," says Nick Otter, head of the newly created Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute (GCCSI) in Australia. "And we've got to have some realism to the approach."
Like most technologies, CCS was developed as a way to make money. Oil companies started injecting CO
2
into underground oil-bearing rock layers in the U.S. in the 1970s. The technique—known as enhanced oil recovery—allowed them to extract up to two-thirds more oil than by simply pumping the fuel to the surface.
The first country to store C02 underground deliberately to keep it out of the atmosphere was Norway. When the government there introduced a carbon tax in the early 1990s, energy giant Statoil began capturing the CO
2
from its Sleipner natural-gas platform in the North Sea and pumping it into a saline-fitted ( 充满盐溶液的) sandstone layer under the seabed. Since 1996, the operation has cut Norway's CO
2
emissions by almost a million tons a year, or about 3% of the country's 1990 CO
2
emissions. Other projects have followed, including one on the U.S.-Canada border that has been pumping CO
2
from a coal plant into an oil reservoir (储藏) for the past decade.
BPart II Listening Comprehension/B
BSection A/B
The United States has a major problem on its hands. The only way to solve it is through education. Negroes(黑人)should know about the contributions that black individuals and groups have made towards building America. This is of vital importance for their self-respect: and it is perhaps even more important for white people to know. For if you believe that a man has no history worth mentioning, it is easy to assume that he has no value as a man. Many people believe that, since the Negro' s achievements do not appear in the history books, he did not have any. Most people are taken aback when they learn that Negroes sailed with Columbus, marched with the Spanish conquerors of South America and fought side by side with white Americans in all their wars. People are astonished when you tell them about Phillis Wheatley, who learned English as a salve in Boston and wrote first-class poetry. They have never heard of Benjamin Banneker, a mathematician and a surveyor, who helped to plan the city of Washington. There has been a tendency all along to treat the black man as if he were invisible. Little has been written about the 5 ,000 American Negroes who fought in the Revolution against the British, but they were in every important battle. How, then, did the image of the Negro as a valiant fighting man disappear? To justify the hideous institution of slavery, slave-holders had to create the myth of the docile, slow-witted Negro, incapable of self-improvement, and even contented with his lot. Nothing could be further from the truth. The slave fought for his freedom at every chance he got, and there were numerous uprisings. Yet the myth of docility persisted. There are several other areas where the truth has been twisted or concealed. Most people have heard of the Negro, Carver, who invented scores of new uses for the lowly peanut. But whoever heard of Norbert Rillieux, who in 1846 invented a vacuum pan that revolutionized the sugar-refining industry? Or of Elijah McCoy, who in 1872 invented the drip cup that feeds oil to the moving parts of heavy machinery? As for the winning of the West, the black cowboy and the black frontiersman have been almost ignored, though film producers are becoming more aware of their importance. Yet in the typical trail crew of eight men that drove cattle from Texas to Kansas, at least two would have been Negroes. The black troops of the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry formed one-fifth of all the mounted troops assigned to protect the frontier after the Civil War. "What difference does it make?" you may ask. A lot. The cowboy is the American folk-hero. Youngsters identify with him instantly. The average cowboy film is really a kind of morality play, with good guys and bad guys and right finally triumphing over wrong. You should see the amazement and happiness on black youngsters' faces when they learn that their ancestors really had a part in all that.
[此试题无题干]
{{B}}Part I Writing{{/B}}
[此试题无题干]
筷子
(chopsticks)是中国传统的独具特色的
进食工具
(dining utensils)，至今已有数千年的历史。筷子在古代被称为“箸”，大约从明朝开始才有了“筷子”的称呼。筷子多为竹子制成，也有用木头、
象牙
(ivory)、金属或其他材料制作而成。它要么上方下圆，要么上下全圆而上粗下细。不管其形状如何，筷子必须是成对使用的。并且两只筷子的大小长短要相同。筷子是中国人日常生活的必备工具，它的发明充分反映了中国人民的智慧。
[此试题无题干]
[此试题无题干]
北京大学的成立标志着中国近代史上高等教育的开始。
[此试题无题干]
[此试题无题干]
It is getting harder to go anywhere without stepping on a piece of Lego-related hype. The Lego Movie is number two at the American box office, after three weeks at number one. Model kits related to the film are piled high in the shops. They will add to the already gigantic heap of Lego bits: 86 for every person on the planet. The toymaker has enjoyed ten years of spectacular growth, almost quadrupling its revenue. This is remarkable for many reasons. Lego' s home town, Billund in rural Denmark, is so small that the company had to provide it with a hotel—an elegant one, unsurprisingly. The toy business is one of the world's trickiest: perennially faddish and, at the moment, convulsed by technological innovation. Children are growing up ever faster, and abandoning the physical world for the virtual. To cap it all, the company almost collapsed in 2003-04, having drifted for years, diversifying into too many areas, producing too many products and, in a fit of desperation, flirting with becoming a lifestyle company, with Lego-branded clothes and watches. Lego' s decade of success began when it appointed Jorgen Vig Knudstorp as chief executive. Mr. Knudstorp decreed that the company must go back to the brick: focusing on its core products, forgetting about brand-stretching, and even selling its theme parks. He also brought in stricter management controls, for example reducing the number of different pieces that the company produced from 12,900 to 7,000. Under Mr. Knudstorp Lego has struck a successful balance between innovation and tradition. The company has to generate new ideas to keep its sales growing: customers need a reason to expand their stock of bricks, and to buy them from Lego rather than cheaper rivals. Lego produces a stream of kits with ready-made designs, such as forts and spaceships, to provide children with templates. But it also insists that the pieces can be added to the child's collection of bricks, and reused to make all sorts of other things. Lego has got better at managing its relationships. The Lego Movie demonstrates how it can focus on the brick while venturing into the virtual world: Warner Bros. made the film while Lego provided the models. It has also got better at tapping its legion of fans—particularly adult fans of Lego, or AFOLs—for new ideas. Lego is now at an inflection point, building its organizational capacity and embracing globaliszation, to help it find new sources of growth. The aim is twofold: to replicate in the rapidly growing east Lego ' s success in the west; and to transform a local company that happened to go global into a global company that happens to have its head office in Billund.
{{B}}Part II Listening Comprehension{{/B}}