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那达慕大会 (Nadama Fair)是 蒙古族 (Mongolian)人民具有鲜明民族特色的传统活动。“那达慕”是蒙古语，意为“娱乐、游戏”，还可以表示人们丰收的喜悦之情。每年农历六月初四开始的那达慕大会，是草原上一年一度的盛会。它是为适应蒙古族人民生活需要而举办的，在当地人的生活中占有重要的地位。那达慕大会的内容以摔跤、赛马、 射箭 (archery)比赛和激动人心的歌舞表演为主要特色。每当这一盛会举行的时候，人们从四面八方赶来参加各种竞赛，观看表演。

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BSection B/B

Nursing, as a typically female profession, must deal constantly with the false impression that nurses are there to wait on the physician. As nurses, we are【B1】______to provide nursing care only. We do not have any legal or moral obligation to any physician. We provide health teaching, assess physical as well as emotional problems,【B2】______patient-related services, and make all of our nursing decisions 【B3】______what is best or suitable for the patient. If, in any【B4】______, we feel that a physician's order is inappropriate or unsafe, we have a legal responsibility to question that order or refuse to carry it out. Nursing is not a nine-to-five job with every weekend off. All nurses【B5】______that before they enter the profession. The emotional and physical stress, however, that occurs due to【B6】______working hours is a prime reason for a lot of the career dissatisfaction. It is sometimes required that we work overtime, and that we change shifts four or five times a month. That【B7】______our personal lives, disrupts our sleeping and eating habits, and isolates us from everything except job-related friends and activities. The quality of nursing care is being affected【B8】______by these situations. Most hospitals are now staffed by new graduates, as experienced nurses finally give up trying to change the system. Consumers of medically related services have evidently not been affected enough yet to demand changes in our medical system. But if【B9】______continue as predicted, they will find that most critical hospital care will be provided by new, inexperienced, and sometimes【B10】______trained nurses.

中国的官方语言普通话(Mandarin)在美国的学校中突然热起来。由于中国经济在21世纪的快速发展，美国的公立和私立学校纷纷在外语课程中加入汉语这一科目。或将已有的汉语教学项目进行扩展。据统计，在美国的学校中，有5万名孩子在学习汉语。但推动汉语项目的发展不是没有遇到困难。由于缺乏受过专业训练、持有证书的教师，一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争。当学校聘用教师时，它们通常直接从中国招聘，这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。

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BPart I Writing/B

重阳节，又称登高节，为农历九月初九。在重阳节这天，传统的饮食是重阳糕、 菊花 (chrysanthemum)酒、菊花茶。登高、插 茱萸 (cornel)和赏菊是重阳节的重要习俗。这些活动不仅增加了重阳节的节日气氛，而且据说通过这些活动，还可以避祸免灾。如今，重阳节已经无法见到插茱萸的风俗了，但是很多人仍然习惯在这一天登高赏菊，观赏秋天的美景。在中国的一些地方，重阳节还有祭拜祖先之墓的风俗。具有悠久历史的重阳节已经被列入第一批国家级 非物质 (intangible)文化遗产名录。

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{{B}}Section A{{/B}}

20世纪70年代，中国人曾以有一件外国衬衣和一块进口电子手表而感到无比自豪。那 时候，国产商品在外观和功能方面都远远逊色于外国品牌产品。“崇洋媚外”在中国消费者心理上打下了烙印。 随着中国现代化科技和经济的发展，中国综合国力的提升，如今的国产商品在外观、质量和科技含量等各个方面都取得了重大飞跃，不少产品已优于同类的外国品牌。中国消费者对外国品牌产品从仰视，到平视，最后甚至会俯视。消费者心理正在发生改变，逐步回归理性消费。

微信(WeChat)作为时下最热门的社交信息平台，是一个为智能终端提供即时通讯服务的免费应用程序。微信支持单人、多人参与，人们通过手机网络发送语音、图片、视频和文字。截止到2015年第一季度，微信已经覆盖中国90％以上的智能手机，月活跃用户达到5．49亿，用户覆盖200多个国家、超过20种语言。此外，各品牌的微信公众账号总数已经超过800万个，微信支付用户则达到了4亿左右。

Employers are far less likely to employ people with mental illnesses than those with physical ailments (疾病), a report shows. The government is【C1】______ an initiative urging employers to improve conditions for people with a mental health problem. It is【C2】______ one in four people will suffer a mental illness at some point in their lives. And even for those with more common types of mental illness, such as【C3】______ , only about half are【C4】______ employed. The voluntary standards, launched to【C5】______ with World Mental Health Day, will also be used by public sector organizations, including local councils, government departments and hospitals. The Disability Discrimination Act, which comes into force this December, will require these bodies to end【C6】______ discrimination and promote equality of opportunity. Health Minister Rosie Winterton said: "【C7】______ and stigma (耻辱) still surround the issue of mental ill-health and when someone does develop a problem, they often do not get the support they need from society to help them recover. " "We all have a role to play in helping to【C8】______ this issue. Employers can help by raising awareness of mental health issues among staff, supporting those affected and combating discrimination against staff and customers. " "This is good for staff and good for employers, who we know will benefit from reduced staff【C9】______ and sickness absences." Work and Pensions Minister Lord Hunt said, "Work is important and beneficial to our physical and mental well-being. Because of this, it is essential that we remove the【C10】______ that prevent people starting, returning to, or remaining in work. "A) tackle I) estimatedB) issue J) launchingC) turnover K) fairD) competitively L) depressionE) coincide M) takingF) unlawful N) generallyG) barriers O) ignorance H) particularly

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Women who drank three or more cups of coffee a day were 30 percent less likely to have memory decline at age 65 than whose who drank one cup or less daily. And the benefit increased with age. Women over age 80 who drank three or more cups of coffee a day were about 70 percent less likely to have memory decline than those who drank one cup or less, the researchers said. Caffeinated tea had the same effect in the women, the study found, although more was needed to get the same caffeine boost. "Count roughly two cups of tea for a cup of coffee," said study leader Karen Ritchie of INSERM, the French National Institute for Health and Medical Research. But the researchers didn't find a similarly protective effect in men, although other studies have found a benefit to males. How might caffeine help ward off cognitive decline? "It is a cognitive stimulant," said Ritchie. It also helps to reduce levels of the protein called beta amyloid in the brain, she said, "whose accumulation is responsible for Alzheimer's disease but which also occurs in normal aging." Ritchie said she wasn't sure why men in the study didn't benefit from caffeine. "Our hypothesis is that either women metabolize caffeine differently than men, or there may be an interaction of the caffeine with the sex hormones, the estrogen-progesterone balance," she said. The French study confirms previous research, said William Scott, professor of medicine at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, who has researched caffeine's beneficial effects against Parkinson's disease, also a neurodegenerative disorder. As for caffeine only protecting women, Scott noted that just 2,800 of the 7,000 study participants were men, and the results might have differed if more men were included. A study published in February in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition looked at 676 healthy men and found that regular coffee drinkers had a lower rate of cognitive decline over a 10-year follow-up than those who didn't drink coffee. Those who drank three cups daily had the least signs of decline. Both Scott and Ritchie agreed that more study is needed. Ritchie's research will next look at the relationship between caffeine and Alzheimer's.

西部支教 (volunteering to teach in the west)对于促进当地教育和经济发展有着重要意义。大学生到西部支教，对农村的孩子进行了书本知识的教学。更重要的是，通过组织安排一些活动，寓教于乐，对他们未来的学习和生活有所启发和引导，激发了他们学习的动力和对外面发达城市的向往，促使他们进步。此外，大学生也会把新的观念和思想带到农村去。去西部支教还能培养当代大学生的社会责任感和社会公益心。在一定程度上，也缓解了西部地区教师短缺的压力。