春联 (spring Festival couplets)，是中国特有的一种文学形式，有着悠久的历史。春联上的文字简洁、精巧，象征着人们对未来的巨大期盼，表达人们对新年的美好愿望。贴春联是春节的一大传统习俗，也是中国人欢度新年春节的重要方式。每逢春节，无论在城市还是农村，家家户户都要精心挑选一副大红春联贴在门上，为节日增加 喜庆 (festive)气氛。各家各户会根据自家的情况选择不同内容的春联。比如商人的家庭会张贴与发财有关的春联，农民家庭则选择表达丰收愿望的春联。

Archaeologists have long thought that stone ships served as graves for one or several individuals, and have even been viewed as death ships【C1】______to take the dead to living eternally. However, a new study conducted by researchers from the University of Gothenburg shows a different picture. It suggests Bronze Age stone monuments in the form of ships were built by sailors as a symbol of their practices at sea. The study indicates that the stone ships and the activities that took place there point to people who were【C2】______focused on practices at sea. Details found within the stone structures show they were built to【C3】______real ships. The stone ships offer up【C4】______about the ship-building techniques of the time and about the ships that sailed on the Baltic Sea during the Bronze Age. "These consist of areas that resemble hill forts and are located near easily【C5】______points in the landscape—that is, near well-known waterways leading inland," Wehlin, head of the team, said. "While these areas have previously been thought to be much younger, recent age【C6】______have dated them to the Bronze Age." Archaeologists have believed that bronze was【C7】______to Scandinavia from the south, and recent analyses have helped confirm this【C8】______However, the people who distributed the bronze objects are【C9】______addressed in these thoughts. "One reason why the meeting places of the Bronze Age are not discussed very often is that we haven't been able to find them," Wehlin said. "This is in【C10】______contrast to the trading places of the Viking Age, which have been easy to locate as they left behind such rich archaeological material." A)majorly B)represent C)evacuate D)rarely E)determinations F)clues G)anticipated H)inquiries I)intended J)approximately K)accessible L)notion M)inevitable N)immense O)imported

颐和园是中国现存规模最大的皇家园林，其前身为 清漪园 (Qingyi Yuan)。颐和园的主景区由 万寿山 (Longevity Hill)和 昆明湖 (Kunming Lake)组成，全园占地2．9平方公里，其中水面面积约占四分之三。颐和园始建于1750年，历时15年竣工。1860年被英法联军烧毁。1886年，清政府开始对其进行重建，并于两年后取用今名。1900年，颐和园又遭入侵中国的八国联军破坏，1902年得以修复。中华人民共和国成立后，颐和同几经修缮。现在，颐和园是一个旅游胜地，同时也是一座休闲公园。

中国宣布计划通过建立经济走廊，并向沿线国家投资近9 000亿美元来振兴“ 一带一路 (Belt and Road)”贸易发展。六大经济走廊分别是中蒙俄、新亚欧大陆桥、中国一中亚一西亚、 中国一中南半岛 (China-Indo-ChinaPeninsula)、中巴、孟中印缅。周三，在重庆亚欧互联互通产业对话会议的开幕式讲话中，张高丽说，这样牢固的关系“举世瞩目，前景广阔”。张高丽介绍，中国倡导的“一带一路”贸易和基础设匏建设网络受到了亚欧国家的欢迎，使有关各方都能从中获益。

麻将 (Chinese Mahjong)是一种源自中国的益智游戏，参与者一般为4人。一副麻将有136张 牌 (tile)，由用竹子、骨头或塑料制成的小长方块组成，小方块上面刻有图案或字样。因而，麻将牌实际上是纸牌与 骨牌 (dominoes)的结合体。不同地区的游戏规则稍有不同，复杂而有趣。打麻将的技巧灵活而多变，因此成为中国历史上最能吸引人的一种 博戏 (gambling)形式。打麻将可以使人放松，但如果长期沉迷于这种游戏，会对人的身心造成极大伤害。

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For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "A strong man will struggle with the storms of fate." You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a【C1】______field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be【C2】______in a single large building. The importance of interior design becomes【C3】______when we realize how much time we spend surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be as attractive and comfortable as possible. We also【C4】______each place to be appropriate to its use. You would be shocked if the inside of your bedroom were【C5】______changed to look like the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn 't feel right in a business office that has the appearance of a school. It soon becomes clear that the interior designer' s most important basic【C6】______is the function of the particular space. For example, a theatre with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and too few entries and exits will not work for its purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be【C7】______. Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of【C8】______. He or she must【C9】______the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. In addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture according to the functions that need to be【C10】______.A)obscure B)specialized C)attention D)expectE)concern F)specially G)evident H)containedI)decorated J)composed K)decisions L)suddenlyM)served N)balance O)coordinate

International governments' inaction concerning sustainable development is clearly worrying but the proactive (主动出击的) approaches of some leading-edge companies are encouraging. Toyota, Wal-Mart, DuPont, M&S and General Electric have made tackling environmental wastes a key economic driver. DuPont committed itself to a 65% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the 10 years prior to 2010. By 2007, DuPont was saving $2.2 billion a year through energy efficiency, the same as its total declared profits that year. General Electric aims to reduce the energy intensity of its operations by 50% by 2015. They have invested heavily in projects designed to change the way of using and conserving energy. Companies like Toyota and Wal-Mart are not committing to environmental goals out of the goodness of their hearts. The reason for their actions is a simple yet powerful realization that the environmental and economic footprints fit well together. When M&S launched its "Plan A" sustainability programme in 2007 , it was believed that it would cost over ￡200 million in the first five years. However, the initiative had generated ￡105 million by 2011/12. When we prevent physical waste, increase energy efficiency or improve resource productivity, we save money, improve profitability and enhance competitiveness. In fact, there are often huge "quick win" opportunities, thanks to years of neglect. However, there is a considerable gap between leading-edge companies and the rest of the pack. There are far too many companies still delaying creating a lean and green business system, arguing that it will cost money or require sizable capital investments. They remain stuck in the "environment is cost" mentality. Being environmentally friendly does not have to cost money. In fact, going beyond compliance saves cost at the same time that it generates cash, provided that management adopts the new lean and green model. Lean means doing more with less. Nonetheless, in most companies, economic and environmental continuous improvement is viewed as being in conflict with each other. This is one of the biggest opportunities missed across most industries. The size of the opportunity is enormous. The 3% Report recently published by World Wildlife Fund and CDP shows that the economic prize for curbing carbon emissions in the US economy is $780 billion between now and 2020. It suggests that one of the biggest levers for delivering this opportunity is "increased efficiency through management and behavioral change" in other words, leanand green management. Some 50 studies show that companies that commit to such aspirational goals as zero waste, zero harmful emissions and zero use of non-renewable resources are financially outperforming their competitors. Conversely, it was found that climate disruption is already costing $1.2 trillion annually, cutting global GDP by 1. 6%. Unaddressed, this will double by 2030.

Is it any wonder that America is also a country of dangerously overweight people? According to a recent study by the National Center for Health Statistics, the number of adults characterized as overweight in the United States has jumped to an astonishing one-third of the population. Overweight in this case means being about 20 percent or more above a person's desirable weight. Since the figures for "desirable weight" have moved upward over the last decade or so, total poundage—even at 20 percent over—may be considerable. So are the attendant health risks. Excess weight has been linked to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, adult-onset diabetes and some forms of cancer, among other diseases. Once, when work and school and the grocery store were a two-mile hike away, Americans could afford the calories they consume. But not now, not when millions spend four or five hours a day in front of a TV set—along with a bag of chips, a bowl of buttered popcorn and a six-pack—and there's a car or two in every driveway. "There is no commitment to obesity(肥胖)as a public health problem," said Dr. William Dietz, director of clinical nutrition at the New England Medical Center in Boston. "We've ignored it, and blamed it on gluttony and sloth." If one definition of a public health problem is its cost to the nation, then obesity qualifies. According to a study done by Dr. Graham A Colditz, who teaches at Harvard Medical School, it cost America an estimated $68.8 billion in 1990. But what's wrong blaming it on gluttony and sloth? True, some unfortunate overweight people have an underlying physical or genetic problem. But for most Americans, the problem is with two of the seven deadly sins. Losing weight is a desperately difficult business. Preventing gain, however, is not. Consumer information is everywhere, and there can be few adults who truly believe that hot dogs, fries, a soda and a couple of Twinkies make a good lunch. But they eat them anyway. As more and more Americans became educated to the risks of smoking, more and more Americans gave up the habit. Now it appears that Americans need an intensive education in the risks of stuffing themselves and failing to exercise as well. Given the seductiveness of chocolate and cheese, the couch and the car, that habit will be hard to break. But if an ounce of prevention can obviate a pound of fat, it is well worth the struggle.

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For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on universities lower admission requirements for celebrities. Your essay should focus on the different attitudes on this issue and present their reasons. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

中国的四大发明包括指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术。它们是中国在人类文明史上占有重要地位的标志之一。第一个指南针产生于 战国时期 (the Warring States Period)，是利用 天然磁石 (natural magnet)来辨别方向的一种简单仪器。火药发明于隋唐时期，主要应用于军事领域。造纸术于东汉年间由蔡伦改进，使纸成为人们普遍使用的书写材料。印刷术，又称活字印刷术，大大促进了文化的传播。四大发明对世界经济的发展和人类文化的进步做出了巨大的贡献。

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转基因食品 (Genetically Modified Food；GMF)是利用基因工程技术生产的食品。它具有产量高、营养丰富、抗病力强等优势，但也存在明显的缺陷——可能会造成 基因污染 (gene contamination)。因此，转基因食品的安全性一直是一个有争议的话题。在中国，政府和科学界支持转基因作物的推广，却持续引发信任危机。鉴于人们对相关农产品的安全担忧，中国政府草拟了新的粮食法，试图对转基因食品进行更严格的管理。该法规定，任何单位和个人不得在 主要粮食品种 (principal grain cultivars)上应用转基因技术。

道家思想 (Taoism)是中国 春秋时期 (the Spring and Autumn Period)最重要的思想学派之一，创始人是老子。道家思想的核心是 “道” (Tao)，老子用“道”来说明宇宙万物的产生和演变。认为人们在思想和行为上都要遵循“道”的规律，一切都要顺其自然。老子之后的另一位哲学家庄子继承和发展了道家思想。他强调自我提高，追求精神的自由。道家思想提倡追求自然、和谐的思想以及批判性思维的人文精神，是中国传统文化中宝贵而独特的精神财富。

3D眼镜帮助医生在看不清双手的时候进行外科手术。如今戴着3D眼镜的并非只有电影爱好者，一项新研究表明3D眼镜也能让医生获益。过去，医生对于工作中使用3D技术持怀疑态度，他们更愿意依靠自身经验。但由于3D眼镜或者甚至不需要眼镜的3D技术，这种情况可能要有所改变了。在行业人士的资助下，对50场手术的研究发现新技术的使用提高了手术的精准性与速度。

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