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“土豪” (Tuhao)一词最早可追溯到1500年前的 南朝 (the Southern Dynasty)时期，其含义随时间的推移而改变。20世纪20至50年代初，它被广泛用于形容那些在中国农村有钱有势的地主。最近，极富创造性的中国网民赋予了这个词新的含义，他们借用该词来形容那些十分有钱却品味差的人。2013年9月上旬以来，“土豪”一词在中国社交媒体上出现了l亿多次。在BBC近期一档关于 中国热词 (influential Chinese words)的栏目播出后，该词引起了《牛津词典》编著团队的关注，明年可能会被收入词典中。

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BSection A/B

BSection C/B

Any brain exercise is better than being a total mental couch potato. But the activities with the most 【C1】______are those that require you to work beyond what is easy and comfortable. Playing【C2】______rounds of games and watching the latest documentary marathon on the History Channel may not be enough. Just as your muscles grow stronger with use, mental exercise keeps your mental skills and memory in tone. But what kind of exercise is best for the brain? Here are some suggestions. Be a lifelong learner. Continuing to learn new things can build and【C3】______the connections between brain cells. 【C4】______your brain. Think of all mental activities as a continuous whole. Watching a TV documentary would be on the passive, mildly challenging end of the【C5】______while learning how to converse in a new language would be on the active, very challenging end. When it comes to cognitive reserve,【C6】______challenging tasks have the biggest impact. Get uncomfortable. One stereotype of aging is that young people are bold explorers but older people are【C7】______homebodies who "know what they like." Getting out of your comfort zone from time to time challenges your mental skills. An example of this would be traveling to a city that you haven't been to before, which forces you to【C8】______unfamiliar surroundings. Be social. Social【C9】______aging researchers have discovered, puts people at risk of losing some of the brain reserves they have built up over a lifetime. There are many ways to be social. One good way is working as a volunteer in a social setting, which allows you to have contact with【C10】______types of people and puts you in new situations. A)endless B)isolation C)maintain D)spectrum E)evidently F)navigate G)timid H)frantic I)mentally J)diverse K)impact L)deprive M)alternative N)excursion O)strain

Mathematical ability and musical ability may not seem on the surface to be connected, but people who have researched the subject and studied the brain say that they are. Three quarters of the bright but speech-delayed children in the group I studied had a close relative who was an engineer, mathematician or scientist, and four fifths had a close relative who played a musical instrument. The children themselves usually took readily to math and other analytical subjects and to music. Black, white and Asian children in this group show the same patterns. However, it is clear that blacks have been greatly overrepresented in the development of American popular music and greatly underrepresented in such fields as mathematics, science and engineering. If the abilities required in analytical fields and in music are so closely related, how can there be this great discrepancy? One reason is that the development of mathematical and other such abilities requires years of formal schooling, while certain musical talents can be developed with little or no formal training, as has happened with a number of well-known black musicians. It is precisely in those kinds of music where one can acquire great skill without formal training that blacks have excelled popular music rather than classical music, piano rather than violin, blues rather than opera. This is readily understandable, given that most blacks, for most of American history, have not had either the money or the leisure for long years of formal study in music. Blacks have not merely held their own in American popular music. They have played a disproportionately large role in the development of jazz, both traditional and modem. A long string of names comes to mind—Duke Ellington, Scott Joplin, W.C. Handy, Louis Armstrong, Charlie Parker... and so on. None of this indicates any special innate ability of blacks in music. On the contrary, it is perfectly consistent with blacks having no more such inborn ability than anyone else, but being limited to being able to express such ability in narrower channels than others who have had the money, the time and the formal education to spread out over a wider range of music, as well as into mathematics, science and engineering.

BPart Ⅳ Translation/B

Car makers have long used sex to sell their products. Recently, however, both BMW and Renault have based their latest European marketing campaigns around the icon of modern biology. BMW's campaign, which launches its new 3-series sports saloon in Britain and Ireland, shows the new creation and four of its earlier versions zigzagging around a landscape made up of giant DNA sequences, with a brief explanation that DNA is the molecule responsible for the inheritance of such features as strength, power and intelligence. The Renault offering, which promotes its existing Laguna model, employs evolutionary theory even more explicitly. The company's television commercials intersperse(点缀)clips of the car with scenes from a lecture by Steve Jones, a professor of genetics at University College London. BMWs campaign is intended to convey the idea of development allied to heritage. The latest product, in other words, should be viewed as the new and improved scion(后代)of a long line of good cars. Renault's message is more subtle. It is that evolution works by gradual improvements rather than sudden leaps and in this, Renault is aligning itself with(与……保持一致)biological orthodoxy. So, although the new car in the advertisement may look like the old one, the external form conceals a number of significant changes to the engine. While these alterations are almost invisible to the average driver, Renault hopes they will improve the car's performance, and ultimately its survival in the marketplace. Whether they actually do so will depend, in part, on whether marketers have read the public mood correctly. For, even if genetics really does offer a useful metaphor for automobiles, employing it in advertising is not without its dangers. That is because DNA's public image is ambiguous. In one context, people may see it as the cornerstone of modern medical progress. In another, it will bring to mind such controversial issues as abortion, genetically modified food-stuffs, and the sinister subject of eugenics(优生学). Car makers are probably standing on safer ground than biologists. But even they can make mistakes. Though it would not be obvious to the casual observer, some of the DNA which features in BMWs ads for its nice, new car once belonged to a woolly mammoth—a beast that has been extinct for 10,000 years. Not, presumably, quite the message that the marketing department was trying to convey.

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Articles in magazines and newspapers and special reports on radio and television【B1】______the concern of many Americans about the increasing dropout rate in our junior and senior high schools. 【B2】______this fact is the warning that soon we will no longer have workforce to fill the many jobs that require properly-educated【B3】______.The high student dropout rate is not a recent development. Ten years ago, many urban schools were reporting dropout rates between 35 and 50 percent. Some ad- ministrators maintain that dropouts remain the single greatest problem in their schools.【B4】______, much effort has been spent on identifying students with problems【B5】______give them more attention before they become failures. Since the dropout problem doesn't start in senior high school, special programs in junior high school focus on students who show promise but have a record of truancy, that is, staying away from school without【B6】______. Under the guidance of counselors, these students are placed in classes with teachers who have had success in working with similar young people. Strategies to【B7】______students in high school include rewarding【B8】______excellence by designating scholars of title month, or by issuing articles of clothing such as school letter jackets formally given only to athletes. No one working with these students【B9】______know how to keep all students in school. Counselors, teachers, and administrators are in the frontlines of what seems【B10】______to be a losing battle. Actually, this problem should be everyone's concern, since uneducated, unemployed citizens affect us all.

Of all the【C1】______of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the【C2】______shadows of our unconscious desires and fears: by the late 1970s, neurologists had【C3】______to thinking of them as just "mental noise"—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat,【C4】______moods while the brain is "off-line". And one leading authority says that these【C5】______powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of【C6】______at Chicago's Medical Centre. "If you don't like it, change it." The【C7】______between dreams and emotions show up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before【C8】______, suggesting that they are working through【C9】______feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is【C10】______with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day' s events—until, it appears, we begin to dream.A)intensely B)psychology C)link D)disguisedE)unconscious F)positive G)recurring H)nightmaresI)components J)occupied K)regulating L)negativeM)awakening N)persistent O)switched

Offering a gift can be a mutual pleasure; some might say it should be a pleasure for giver and recipient. A problem with a modern commercial Christmas, however, is that buying gifts can become a chore. Often it is a stress ridden chore in the dying days before Christmas Day, as everything gets left to the last minute. Why not make this next Christmas a time to make the choosing of individual gifts a pleasure for yourself, and for the recipient? Often in the last minute haste to buy gifts in time for Christmas Day, people become detached from not only the purpose, but the person to whom they are giving. Bought hastily in a crowded stress filled store, scarcely a thought may pass for the individual on the receiving end, however close they may be to you. Most of the year, if not all, can be filled with work, commuting, rushing here and there, stress, and self focus. How about time and attention for those who really matter in your life, whether spouse, offspring, other relatives, friends or colleagues? The choosing of a gift, and presentation of it, can be a silent way of giving each of them special attention, and then culminating with their pleasure at the receipt of the gift. Behind every good present there is a person who worked hard to make the best choice. The secret to buying the perfect gift is to think about the message you want to send out, when the receiver opens it. If you think about his or her hobbies, to his or her vacation plans etc., it means you have really studied that person and you bought the present precisely for them, for that occasion; in this case, Christmas. Friendship and caring are themselves a gift, so you can see that if you put some real selfless effort into choosing gifts, the value of the gift is magnified. That is something which will shine through the wrapping paper, and in the moment of giving the pleasure that you feel in making the gesture will radiate in the warmth of your expression. The choosing and the giving of a gift are inseparable.

居民消费价格指数(CPI)不但与人们的生活密切相关，在国家的价格体系中也占有很重要的地位。

在中国，“结”字代表着团结、友爱、和平、婚姻、爱情等，因此“中国结”(Chinese Knot)常用来表示美好的祝愿。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the topic of whether college students should hire cleaners. You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Dialect is a kind of nostalgic thing which makes you homesick." You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

A tattoo may give parents of children with food allergies some peace of mind when they send their kids off to school. Yes, a tattoo—but it's a【C1】______one. SafetyTat sells colorful stick-on labels and wash-off tattoos that【C2】______of a nut allergy or provide other important medical information. Michele Welsh, a mother-of-three,【C3】______the company about five years ago. The idea came to her after she wrote her cell phone number on her kids' arms with a pen in case they got【C4】______while at an amusement park She then thought of her nephew, who has a【C5】______fatal peanut allergy and how much time her sister-in-law had spent in the emergency room with him. What if she could just have a【C6】______! Welsh pointed out that caregivers may remember not to give the child a peanut butter cookie, but【C7】______they don't think to look on the packaging of other products. "Sometimes you need something visual to remind others to check the ingredients," she said "And for older kids it's not as big of a【C8】______because they know to check the ingredients themselves, but the little kids are still learning." However, some have expressed【C9】______that the labels would draw unwanted attention from schoolyard bullies. "A lot of kids do get bullied at school about their food allergies, so some parents fear that this might give more ammunition to kids," Kevin McGrath, a spokesperson for the American College of Allergy. However, he did say that the tattoos "may just be another thing to make parents feel more【C10】______when sending their children off to a party or picnic or class trip." A)separated B)warn C)generally D)negotiated E)apparently F)established G)challenge H)reminder I)confident J)concerns K)potentially L)remind M)temporary N)incentive O)radiant

If you didn't know any better, you might think that Star, Snuppy, CC and ANDi were just a bunch of interesting names. You'd only be half right. These creative names【C1】 1belong to a pig, a dog, a cat and a monkey that were among the first clones of their species. You're likely already familiar with Dolly—the sheep that achieved near【C2】 2status as the first mammal to be cloned successfully using adult animal cells. But Dolly is not alone. The world's first clone—a tadpole—was actually created as early as in 1952. And at least a dozen different species have been cloned since: everything from the common cow to the【C3】 3guar, a type of wild ox. Animal cloning has come a long way since that first tadpole more than 50 years ago. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's(FDA)declaration in early 2008 that food products【C4】 4from the clones of cows, pigs and goats are safe for human consumption【C5】 5an already growing interest in the process. Cloning may have【C6】 6uses besides its ability to help farmers【C7】 7breed quality burgers and bacon. Other potential uses【C8】 8the preservation of species, biomedical research, drug and organ production and even commercial ventures. It seems that finding out exactly how many cloned animals have been produced is almost as difficult as producing them in the first place. There's no official【C9】 9of clones, and laboratories aren't required to report every single tadpole or mouse they create. But armed with a bit of knowledge concerning animal cloning and its【C10】 10it's likely to narrow down the contestants to a possible field. A)inclusive B)derived C)applications D)actually E)additional F)intensified G)visualized H)celebrity I)include J)typically K)compromise L)endangered M)registry N)duplicates O)consistently 【C1】