{{B}}Part Ⅳ Translation{{/B}}

Trading Modernist for Mcmansion [A]In 1949 W. Clinton Backus and his wife hired a 43-year-old designer named Greta Magnusson Grossman to build a house in the hills of Bel Air. The Los Angeles community was well-to-do even then, but it wasn't particularly extravagant. Grossman, a Swedish emigre(移居者), had achieved some fame as a trader of modern design; her furniture was often mentioned in the same breath and sold at the same stores as Charles Eames's, George Nelson's, and Eero Saarinen's—a rare distinction, at the time, for a woman. [B]For the Backuses, Grossman designed a tasteful two-story modernist home sit on a private slope, with sharp lines, walls of glass, and far-reaching views. It was 3 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, and 1,800 square feet—500 square feet smaller than today's average American home—and it fit right in. [C]Not anymore. The Backus House still hovers on the same Bel Air hillside where Grossman built it. But because of the sprawling megamansions that have sprung up around the property, and because of the increasingly overheated state of the Southern California real estate market, Grossman's elegant modernist creation—one of the few surviving examples of residential architecture by an innovative woman now ranked among the finest designers of her era—may not survive much longer. [D]There's an irony here. Starting in the 1920s, the combination of climate, terrain, and a young, progressive community of architects and clients triggered a flowering of modern residential design in Los Angeles that culminated in the famous Case Study House Program(1945-66)—a series of experimental model homes sponsored by the local magazine Arts the garage is filled with broken boards and crushed plaster, and appliances are scattered across the yard. The buyer evidently believes that a grander, newer estate would better suit the neighborhood, which, in the decades since Davidson's time, has become home to the likes of Steven Spielberg, and Arnold Schwarzenegger. [M]At-risk modernist houses don't always meet such a sad fate. In April the Schairer House, designed in 1949 by the great California architect Gregory Ain for a RAND Corporation aerospace engineer, went up for sale. Another posh neighborhood, another multimillion-dollar price tag. At the time, observers were certain that the Schairer House was destined for destruction. "1949 Gregory Ain in Brentwood Hits the Market for the First Time, Probably as a Teardown," read the headline on real estate site Curbed LA. But now, 80 days after it sold, the Schairer House is still standing—and a source with knowledge of the transaction tells that the new owners have hired an architect to supervise a complete restoration. [N]Whether that news warms your heart or leaves you cold is a matter of perspective and taste; not everyone loves modernist architecture. But in Los Angeles, at least, there may be more at stake than architectural fancy. The history and character of the city are reflected in each of these purebred homes. [O]Right now, another Gregory Ain property is up for sale: the Feldman House(1953)in Beverly Hills. In a perfect world, the Feldman House would survive for another 60 years or more. But even the listing agent, Joyce Rey, is worried. "I want to find someone who will restore it," she says. "But here's the thing: all the buyers who want to restore it can't afford it right now, and the buyers who can afford it are the ones who want to replace it with something else. It's heartbreaking."?

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthendiscusstherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildreninmodernsociety.Youshouldgivesoundargumentstosupportyourviewsandwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "In every end, there is also a beginning." You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to keep on making progress. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

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BPart III Reading Comprehension/B

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Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the struggle for survival in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats. They could not【C1】______with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws provided an impressive 'small fire' weaponry. They could not even defend themselves by running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals. If the ape-men had attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been【C2】______to failure and extinction. But they were【C3】______with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors. In the search of the picking of the forest, the ape-men had【C4】______efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of colour that the animals of the grasslands did not possess. The ability to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far【C5】______the search of the original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long-distance sight was quite another matter. Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint, the greater the range of sight—so【C6】______they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not【C7】______. Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the ground was flat. The ape-men【C8】______the only possible solution. They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk upright. This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages. It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became slower still. However, they per severed and their bone structure gradually became【C9】______to the new, unstable position that【C10】______them the name Homo erectus, upright man.A)compare B)driven C)match D)endowedE)doomed F)developed G)all H)adoptedI)earned J)generated K)familiarized L)adaptedM)available N)beyond O)bestowed

颐和园(the Summer Palace)始建于清朝，是中国规模最大、保存最完好的皇家园林(imperial garden)之一。

To find out what the weather is going to be, most people【B1】______the radio, television, or newspaper to get an expert weather forecast. But if you know what to look for, you can use your own senses to make weather【B2】______. There are many signs that can help you. For example, in fair weather the air pressure is【B3】______high, the air is still and often full of dust, and far away objects may look【B4】______. But when the storm is brewing, the pressure drops, and you are often able to see things more clearly. Sailors took note of this long ago, and【B5】______the saying, "The farther the sight, the nearer the rain." Your sense of smell can also help you【B6】______weather changes. Just before it rains, odors become stronger, this is because odors are【B7】______in a fair high pressure center. When a bad weather low moves in, air pressure lessens and odors are【B8】______. You can also hear an approaching storm. Sounds【B9】______heavy storm clouds and return to earth with increased force. An old saying describes it this way, "Sounds traveling far and wide, a stormy day will be tied". And don't laugh at your grandmother if she says she can feel a storm coming. It is commonly known that many people feel pains in their bones or joints when the【B10】______rises, the pressure drops, and bad weather is on the way.

A tattoo may give parents of children with food allergies some peace of mind when they send their kids off to school. Yes, a tattoo—but it's a【C1】 1one. SafetyTat sells colorful stick-on labels and wash-off tattoos that【C2】 2of a nut allergy or provide other important medical information. Michele Welsh, a mother-of-three,【C3】 3the company about five years ago. The idea came to her after she wrote her cell phone number on her kids' arms with a pen in case they got【C4】 4while at an amusement park She then thought of her nephew, who has a【C5】 5fatal peanut allergy and how much time her sister-in-law had spent in the emergency room with him. What if she could just have a【C6】 6! Welsh pointed out that caregivers may remember not to give the child a peanut butter cookie, but【C7】 7they don't think to look on the packaging of other products. "Sometimes you need something visual to remind others to check the ingredients," she said "And for older kids it's not as big of a【C8】 8because they know to check the ingredients themselves, but the little kids are still learning." However, some have expressed【C9】 9that the labels would draw unwanted attention from schoolyard bullies. "A lot of kids do get bullied at school about their food allergies, so some parents fear that this might give more ammunition to kids," Kevin McGrath, a spokesperson for the American College of Allergy. However, he did say that the tattoos "may just be another thing to make parents feel more【C10】 10when sending their children off to a party or picnic or class trip." A)separated B)warn C)generally D)negotiated E)apparently F)established G)challenge H)reminder I)confident J)concerns K)potentially L)remind M)temporary N)incentive O)radiant 【C1】

A new study finds that even mild stress can affect your ability to control your emotions. A team of neuroscientists at New York University say that their findings suggest that certain【C1】______that teach people how to better control their emotions—such as those used to treat social anxiety and phobias— may not work as well during stressful situations. "We have long suspected that stress can【C2】______our ability to control our emotions, but this is the first study to document how even mild stress can undercut therapies designed to keep our emotions in【C3】______said senior author and psychology professor Elizabeth Phelps. "In other words, what you learn in the clinic may not be as【C4】______in the real world when you're stressed." To help patients learn to【C5】______their emotional impairment, therapists sometimes use cognitive restructuring techniques encouraging patients to alter their thoughts or approach to a situation to change their emotional response. These might include focusing on the positive or non-threatening aspects of an event or【C6】______that might normally produce fear. To test how these techniques hold up in real-life situations, the team【C7】______a group of 78 volunteers, who viewed pictures of snakes and spiders. Some of the pictures were paired with an electric shock, and participants【C8】______developed a fear of these pictures. The subjects "reported more【C9】______feelings of fear when viewing the pictures, compared with when they viewed images not paired with a shock." Next the participants were taught cognitive strategies, similar to those【C10】______by therapists and known as cognitive-behavioral therapy, to learn to diminish the fears brought on by the experiment. A)check B)regulate C)eventually D)consequences E)impair F)stimulus G)bleak H)enlisted I)relevant J)prescribed K)therapies L)confined M)incidentally N)intense O)breach

For most of the 20th century, Asia asked itself what it could learn from the modern, innovating West. Now the question must be reversed. What can the West's overly indebted and sluggish (经济滞长的) nations learn from a flourishing Asia? Just a few decades ago, Asia's two giants were stagnating (停滞不前) under faulty economic ideologies. However, once China began embracing free-market reforms in the 1980s, followed by India in the 1990s, both countries achieved rapid growth. Crucially, as they opened up their markets, they balanced market economy with sensible government direction. As the Indian economist Amartya Sen has wisely said, "The invisible hand of the market has often relied heavily on the visible hand of government". Contrast this middle path with America and Europe, which have each gone ideologically over-board in their own ways. Since the 1980s, America has been increasingly clinging to the ideology of uncontrolled free markets and dismissing the role of government—following Ronald Regan's idea that "government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem. " Of course, when the markets came crashing down in 2007, it was decisive government intervention that saved the day. Despite this fact, many Americans are still strongly opposed to " big government". If Americans could only free themselves from their antigovernment doctrine, they would begin to see that the America's problems are not insoluble. A few sensible federal measures could put the country back on the right path. A simple consumption tax of, say, 5% would significantly reduce the country's huge government deficit without damaging productivity. A small gasoline tax would help free America from its dependence on oil imports and create incentives for green energy development. In the same way, a significant reduction of wasteful agricultural subsidies could also lower the deficit. But in order to take advantage of these common-sense solutions, Americans will have to put aside their own attachment to the idea of smaller government and less regulation. American politicians will have to develop the courage to follow what is taught in all American public-policy schools; that there are good taxes and bad taxes. Asian countries have embraced this wisdom, and have built sound long-term fiscal (财政的) policies as a result. Meanwhile, Europe has fallen prey to a different ideological trap: the belief that European governments would always have infinite resources and could continue borrowing as if there were no tomorrow. Unlike the Americans, who felt that the markets knew best, the Europeans failed to anticipate how the markets would react to their endless borrowing. Today, the European Union is creating a $ 580 billion fund to ward off sovereign collapse. This will buy the EU time, but it will not solve the bloc's larger problem.

A study conducted by an Australian science agency has discovered signs that the country's ancient Aborigines may have been the world's first astronomers,【C1】 1Stonehenge(巨石阵)in Britain by more than a thousand years. Professor Ray Norris, of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), said【C2】 2knowledge of the stars through songs and stories had been passed down through generations by the Aboriginal people, whose history dates back tens of thousands of years. "We know there are many stories about the sky: songs, legends, myths to mark out the seasons, so they are very【C3】 3Norris said. "People【C4】 4changed settlement, so when Pleiades(the Seven Sisters star【C5】 5)was up they would move to where the nuts and berries are. Another sign and it would be time to move to the rivers to fish for barramundi, and so on." Norris, who has studied Aboriginal culture【C6】 6and has made several journeys to Arnhem Land in Australia's Outback, said the research also【C7】 7more detailed astronomical thought. "Clearly some thinker in the past has been sitting down in the bush, watching the【C8】 8and trying to figure out how it works," he said. "Those thoughts are then encoded in the songs and ceremonies." Norris is now looking for【C9】 9that might date the earliest signs of Aboriginal astronomy, such as a stone carving of a meteor strike or comet. Norris is confident that the Aborigines pre-dated European astronomers, including Stonehenge and Egypt's great pyramid Giza, both of which are【C10】 10at around 3100 BC. "We've established there is all this astronomy, what I don't know is how far back this goes. If it goes back 10,000 or 20,000 years, that makes Aborigines the world's first astronomers," he said. A)detailed B)boosted C)eclipse D)vigorous E)practical F)evidence G)revealed H)estimated I)regularly J)routine K)cluster L)preceding M)extensively N)rectifying O)respectively 【C1】

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Amazon is facing a battle with UK publishers as it seeks to secure more advantageous terms in its latest round of contract negotiations. The web giant wants the right to print books itself if publishers fail to provide adequate stock, and wants publishers to match any pricing deals it offers to other distributers. "Print-on-demand" Among the new clauses of the contract negotiations were the right for Amazon to print its own copies of a book if a publisher runs out of stock. The Seattle-based company would do this using its "print-on-demand" equipment, and would require publishers to hand over electronic versions of their titles. The process, which can print books more quickly than a traditional press, is generally thought to offer an inferior product. Publishers are concerned that if Amazon used this method to print books, customers would blame them, and not the tech firm, for the quality. Another clause, known in the industry as a "most favoured nation"(MFN)proposal, asks publishers not to offer promotions to distributors without also offering them to Amazon. This would include selling books at a discount on the publishers' own websites. It also demands that publishers inform Amazon before offering e-book deals to other clients, and give the tech firm the same terms. One representative of a mid-sized firm said Amazon had become "increasingly cruel" in its negotiations, while another accused Amazon of "bullying". Publishers also said that Amazon generally prefers verbal agreements, and rarely documents its negotiations, but had done so in the latest round of talks, with one mid-sized firm saying this was the first time it had received correspondence outlining such terms. In a separate development, a German trade association has brought a complaint against Amazon to the country's competition authorities, claiming the firm abused its market dominance. On Thursday, the Associated Press reported that the French government, in a bid to support the country's small bookshops, has adopted a bill that will prevent Amazon and other online retailers from offering free deliveries of discounted books. But Mr Jones also emphasized the positive role Amazon has played in the bookselling industry. "The worst thing that could happen(to book publishers)would be for Amazon to go away," he said. "The second worst thing would be for it to become more dominant."

Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in World War II and late laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game" of espionage—spying as a "profession". These days the Net, which has already remade such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mails, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well. The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open-source intelligence", and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Stratford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Stratford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia)to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www. Stratford. com. Stratford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Stratford earns its fame. Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelli-gence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Stratford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Stratford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.

京剧脸谱 (Peking Opera Mask)，即中国京剧演员脸上的绘画，是用于舞台演出时的化妆艺术。每一种性格特点的人物都有一种固定的样式和颜色。例如，包拯的黑额头上有一个白 月牙 (crescent moon)，猴王孙悟空的脸谱是猴脸的形象。同时，脸谱上的各种颜色也有不同的内涵。红色指忠诚勇敢，多为正面角色。黑色代表直爽、 刚毅 (resoluteness)的性格。白色用于 阴险 (sinister)、自大的人物。京剧脸谱艺术是广大戏迷非常喜爱的一门艺术，国内外都很流行，已经被公认为中华民族传统文化的标识。