填空题Many people dislike walking to the bank, standing in long lines, and facing bad-tempered bank tellers. They are not pleased with their bank"s limited hours. Moreover, banking business 1 are getting more and more complicated. People have to provide not only ID cards, but also other related documents. To many people, they want to do some banking at night and on weekends. For such people, their problems may soon be over. Before long, they may be able to do their banking from the 2 of their own home, any hour of the day, any day of the week. Many banks are 3 online branches or Internet offices, which means people will be able to take care of much of their banking business through their home computers. This 4 is called "interactive banking." At these online branches, customers will be able to view all their accounts, move money between their accounts, 5 a loan and get current information on products such as credit cards. Customers are also able to pay their bills 6 and even e-mail questions to the bank. Banks are creating online services for several reasons. One reason is the bank must 7 for customers who will switch to another bank if they are not 8 with the service they receive. The convenience of online banking 9 the kind of customer banks most want to keep. That is, people who are young, well-educated and have good incomes. Banks also want to 10 modern technology since they have moved into the 21st century.

填空题 {{B}}Climate Change{{/B}} Scientists predict increasing droughts, floods and extreme weather and say there is growing evidence that human activities are to blame.{{B}}What Is Climate Change?{{/B}} The planet's climate is constantly changing. The global average temperature is currently in the region of 15℃. Geological and other evidence suggests that, in the past, this average may have been as high as 27℃ and as low as 7℃. But scientists are concerned that the natural fluctuation (波动) has been overtaken by a rapid human-induced warming that has serious implications for the stability of the climate on which much life on the planet depends.{{B}}What Is the "Greenhouse Effect"?{{/B}} The greenhouse effect refers to the role played by gases which effectively trap energy from the Sun in the Earth's atmosphere. Without them, the planet would be too cold to sustain life as we know it. The most important of these gases in the natural greenhouse effect is water vapor, but concentrations of that are changing little and it plays almost no role in modem human-induced greenhouse warming. Other greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane (甲烷) and nitrous (含氮的) oxide, which are released by modern industry, agriculture and the burning of fossil fuels. Their concentration in the atmosphere is increasing—the concentration of carbon dioxide has risen by more than 30% since 1800. The majority of climate scientists accept the theory that an increase in these gases will cause a rise in the Earth's temperature.{{B}}What Is the Evidence of Warming?{{/B}} Temperature records go back to the late 19th century and show that the global average temperature increased by about 0.6℃ in the 20th century. Sea levels have risen 10～20 cm—thought to be caused mainly by the expansion of warming oceans. Most glaciers in temperate regions of the world and along the Antarctic Peninsula are in retreat, and records show Arctic sea-ice has thinned by 40% in recent decades in summer and autumn. There are anomalies (异常) however—parts of. the Antarctic appear to be getting colder, and there are discrepancies between trends in surface temperatures and those in the troposphere(对流层) (the lower portion of the atmosphere).{{B}}How Much Will Temperatures Rise?{{/B}} If nothing is done to reduce emissions, current climate models predict a global temperature increase of 1.4～5.8℃ by 2100. Even if we cut greenhouse gas emissions dramatically now, scientists say the effects would continue because parts of the climate system, particularly large bodies of water and ice, can take hundreds of years to respond to changes in temperature. It also takes greenhouse gases in the atmosphere decades to break down. It is possible that we have already irrevocably(不可撤回地) committed the Greenland ice sheet to melting, which would cause an estimated 7m rise in sea level. There are also indications that the west Antarctic ice sheet may have begun to melt. though scientists caution further research is necessary.{{B}}How Will the Weather Change?{{/B}} Globally, we can expect more extreme weather events, with heat waves becoming hotter and more frequent. Scientists predict more rainfall overall, but say the risk of thought in inland areas during hot summers will increase. More flooding is expected from storms and rising sea levels. There are, however, likely to be very strong regional variations in these patterns, and these ere difficult to predict.{{B}}What Will the Effects Be?{{/B}} The potential impact is huge, with predicted freshwater shortages, sweeping changes in food production conditions, and increases in deaths from floods, storms, heat waves and droughts. Poorer countries, which are least equipped to deal with rapid change, will suffer most. Plant and animal extinctions are predicted as habitats change faster than species can adapt and the World Health Organization has warned that the health of millions could be threatened by increases in malaria, water-home disease and malnutrition.{{B}}What Don't We Know?{{/B}} We don't know exactly what proportion of the observed warming is caused by human activities or what the knock-on effects of the warming will be. The precise relationship between concentrations of carbon dioxide (and other greenhouse gases) and temperature rise is not known, which is one mason why there is such uncertainty in projections of temperature increase. Global warming will cause some changes which will speed up further warming, such as the release of large quantities of the greenhouse gas methane as permafrost(永久冻结带) melts. Other factors may mitigate(减轻) warming. It is possible that plants may hake more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as their growth speeds up in warmer conditions, though this remains in doubt. Scientists are not sure how the complex balance between these positive and negative feedback effects will play out.{{B}}What about the Skeptics?{{/B}} Global warming "skeptics" fall into three broad camps: ·those who maintain temperatures are not rising; ·those who accept the climate is changing but suspect it is largely down to natural variation; ·those who accept the theory of human-induced warming but say it is not worth tackling as other global problems are more pressing. Nevertheless, there is a growing scientific consensus (舆论) that. even on top of the natural variability of the climate, something out of the ordinary is happening and humans are to blame. A scientific report commissioned by the U.S. government has concluded there is "clear evidence" of climate change caused by human activities. The report, from the federal Climate Change Science Program, said trends seen over the last 50 years "cannot be explained by natural processes alone". It found that temperatures have increased in the lower atmosphere as well as at the Earth's surface. However. scientists involved in the report say better data is badly needed. Observations down the years have suggested that the troposphere, the lower atmosphere, is not warming up, despite evidence that temperatures at the Earth's surface are rising. This goes against generally accepted tenets (原则) of atmospheric physics, and has been used by "climate skeptics" as proof that there is no real warming. The new report, Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere, re-analyses the atmospheric data and concludes that tropospheric temperatures Ire rising. This means, it says, that the impact of human activities upon the global climate is clear. "The observed patterns of change over the past 50 years cannot be explained lay natural processes alone: nor by the effect of short-lived atmospheric constituents (such as aerosols and tropospheric ozone) alone." it says.{{B}}Holes in the Data{{/B}} But there are some big uncertainties which still need resolving. Globally, the report concludes, tropospheric temperatures have risen by 0.10 and 0.20℃ per decade since 1979, when satellite dam became generally available. The wide gap between the two figures means, says the report, that "...it is not clear whether the troposphere has warmed more or less than the surface." Peter Thorne, of the U.K. Meteorological Office, who contributed to the report, ascribes this uncertainty to poor data. "Basically, we've not been observing the atmosphere with climate in mind," he told the BBC News website. "We're looking for very small signals in data that are very noisy. From one day to the next, the temperature can change by 10'C, but we're looking for a signal in the order of 0.1℃ per decade." The report shows up a particular discrepancy concerning the tropics, where it concludes that temperatures are rising by between 0.02 and 0.19℃ per decade, a big margin of error. Additionally, the majority of the available datasets show more warming at the surface than in the troposphere, whereas most models predict the opposite. For Fred Singer, of the Science and Environmental Policy Project, a prominent climate skeptic, this suggests that the report's support for the concept of human-induced climate change is spin rather than substance. "The basic data in the report is quite OK," he said, "but the interpretation that's been given is different from what the data says."{{B}}No Inconsistency{{/B}} Measuring tropospheric temperatures is far from a simple business. Satellites sense the "average" temperature of the air between themselves and the Earth, largely blind to what is happening at different altitudes. To compound matters, instruments on board satellites degrade over time, orbits subtly drift and calibration (校准) between different satellites may be poor. Weather balloons (or radiosondes) take real-time measurements as they ascend, but scientists can never assess instruments afierwards; they are "fire-and-forget" equipment. Correcting for all these potential sources of error is a sensitive and time-consuming process. The report makes clear recommendations for the kind of infrastructure needed to produce higher-quality data and resolve remaining uncertainties. Key recommendations include: · establishing reference sites for radiosonde measurements which would increase consistency between datasets; · making sure the operating periods of satellites overlap so instruments can be cross-calibrated; · observing factors such as wind, clouds, and humidity in the troposphere to make sure they are consistent with temperature data. Such observations could produce an unambiguous picture of tropospheric warming, removing discrepancies over the scientific picture and providing hatter data which can be used to improve computer models.

填空题 Good sense is the most equitably distributed thing in the world, for each man considers himself so well provided with it that even those who are most difficult to{{U}} (47) {{/U}}in everything else do not usually wish to have mom of it than they have already. It is not likely that everyone is{{U}} (48) {{/U}}in this. It shows, rather, that the ability to judge rightly and separate the true from the false, which is essentially what is called good sense or{{U}} (49) {{/U}}, is by nature equal in all men; end thus that our opinions differ not because some men are better{{U}} (50) {{/U}}with reason than others, but only because we direct our thoughts along different paths, and do not consider the same things. For it is not enough to have a good mind; what is most important is to{{U}} (51) {{/U}}it rightly. The greatest souls are capable of the greatest vices; and those who walk very slowly can{{U}} (52) {{/U}}much further, if they always keep to the direct road, than those who run end go astray. For my part, I have never{{U}} (53) {{/U}}my mind to be more perfect than average in any way; I have, in fact, often wished that my thoughts were as quick, or my imagination as precise and distinct, or my{{U}} (54) {{/U}}as capacious or prompt, as those of seine other men. And I know of no other qualities than these which make for the{{U}} (55) {{/U}}of die mind; for as to reason, or good sense, in as much as it alone makes ns men end distinguishes us from the beasts, I am quite willing to believe that it is whole and entire in each' of ns, and to follow in the common{{U}} (56) {{/U}}of the philosophers who say that there are differences of more or less only among the accidents, end not among the forms, or natures, of the individuals of a single species.[A] misunderstood [I] presumed[B] satisfy [J] illusion[C] design [K] reason[D] opinion [L] mistaken[E] advance [M] perfect[F] brain [N] memory[G] endowed [O] apply[H] perfection

填空题Jack Straw hopes that the policy on family should make sure that the children receive better care since the impact of family breakdown on them is ______.

填空题______ works when patients talk freely about things troubling them and then learn to control their fears.

填空题______ (他们正尽可能地将风险降至最低) by making a more thorough investigation of the market.

填空题 Scientists say they have high hopes for a drug that could one day provide a new form of treatment for HIV-A1DS. A compound, which interferes with an elusive protein used by the HIV virus to infect human cells, has worked extremely well in monkeys. If the drug proves effective in human trials, scientists say, it could bolster (加强) the effectiveness of two existing AIDS drugs, particularly in fighting drug-resistant strains of the virus. Researchers at the pharmaceutical (制药的) company Merck are very excited about an experimental drug, which has worked as well in monkeys infected with a primate version of the virus as any of the existing anti-AIDS drugs. It works by blocking one of three proteins, or enzymes, the HIV virus uses to gain entrance into and infect human immune system cells. Inhibitor drugs have been developed to block two of the proteins, to slow progression of the disease after infection. They have become standard therapy as a "cocktail" for people infected with HIV. Those erzymes are reverse transcriptase (转录酶) and protease (蛋白酶). The first converts the virus' genetic material into that of its host cells. The second chops up the resulting larger proteins into smaller pieces, producing smaller viral particles that infect new cells. The third prong of cellular attack is a protein called integrase(整合酶), which experts say has been harder to block. Once HIV fools host cells by changing its genetic information so it can enter them, integrase acts like a cut and paste operation in a word processor, deleting an immune cell's genetic material and replacing it with its own. An integrase inhibitor would give doctors a third line of attack against HIV infection, according to virologist Daria Hazuda of the division of Virus and Cell Biology at Merck. "This would offer a third class of anti-retroviral medications that can be combined with reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. And since it is a new mechanism of action, these compounds are active against multi-drug resistant variants. So variants that are resistant to all current therapies have been selected in HIV-patients," she said. Current anti-AIDS drugs eventually become resistant to therapy, or stop working, because the virus changes its shape. While researchers are encouraged by the success with the compound's effectiveness in monkey trials, developing a drug that is equally effective in humans can be difficult. Steven Young is executive director of the Department of Medicinal Chemistry at Merck. He says, if scientists find a compound that is equally effective in people, the company would ask U.S. regulators to speed approval of the drug. "Yeah, I really think that's what we're hoping for," he said. "I mean, we need to get data that show it has robust anti-viral effects in people. And if we're able to get that data, I think we would petition for Past track status." Dr. Young says an integrase inhibitor has the potential to prevent drug resistance. "To ensure our best chances of preventing resistance, we would give this as part of a cocktail therapy," he added. "And I think it's really our plan that we would test this with reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, as well."

填空题Rodriguez and de la Pena are used as examples to reject bilingual programs because they______.

填空题The continuous presentation of scary stories about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it 1 our kids. A1 Gore famously depicted how a sea-level rise of 20 feet would almost completely flood Florida, New York, Holland, and Shanghai, even though the United Nations says that such a thing will not even happen, 2 that sea levels will rise 20 times less than that. When 3 with these exaggerations, some of us say that they are for a good cause, and surely there is no harm done if the result is that we focus even more on tackling climate change. This 4 is astonishingly wrong. Such exaggerations do plenty of harm Worrying 5 about global warming means that we worry less about other things, where we could do so much more goo4 We focus, for example, on global warming"s impact on malaria (疟疾)—which will put slightly more people at risk in 100 years—instead of tackling the half a billion people 6 from malaria today with prevention and treatment policies that are much cheaper and dramatically more 7 than carbon reduction would be. Exaggeration also wears out the public"s willingness to tackle global warming. If the planet is 8 , people wonder, why do anything? A record 54% of American voters now believe the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is. A 9 of people now believe—incorrectly—that global warming is not even caused by humans. But the worst cost of exaggeration, I believe, is the 10 alarm that it causes—particularly among children. An article in The Washington Post cited nine-year-old Alyssa, who cries about the possibility of mass animal extinction from global warming. A. prevalently B. terrifies C. estimating D. majority E. effective F. rigorous G. excessively H. morality I. suffering J. confronted K. quantity L. doomed M. unnecessary N. suppresses O. argument

填空题Compared with that of a normal child, the number of fat cells of a fat child can increase up to ______.

填空题We can infer from the passage that ______ are probably more cautious than consumers of the normal sort when buying things.

填空题Subbaraman suggested that foreign investors should attach importance of five points though there is almost not any ______ for success.

填空题Peace-keeping lies serve to protect the liar from possible ______.

填空题They delivered this report to ______ (把公众注意力从总统性丑闻上引开).

填空题You get a patent doesn't mean you can use the product because you may be prevented by______.