填空题______ (我会给你帮助的) at that time if I hadn't been so hard up.

填空题To be specific, what does the passage mainly discuss about?

填空题The symptoms of influenza are quite similar to those of other ______.

填空题What do you think of the final paragraph? _______________________.

填空题The university of California, founded in l868,is ______ (由校长和24名董事管).

填空题Brand manager's responsibilities are to ______ and analyse market research and contact with key opinion leaders.

填空题The schools advocating constructivist math argue the traditional parents are accustomed to being deeply involved ______ their children's lives.

填空题The new system now allows faxes to be sent round the world ______ (以最省事、最安全的方式).

填空题______(她刚转过身去) when she burst into tears.

填空题Amygdala is ______.

填空题The delegates decided that _________________ (继续开会，而不是中断会议去吃午餐).

填空题Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. How Marketers Target Kids A．Kids represent an important demographic to marketers because they have their own purchasing power, they influence their parents buying decisions and they are the adult consumers of the future. Industry spending on advertising to children has exploded in the past decade, increasing from a mere $100 million in 1990 to more than $2 billion in 2000. B．Parents today are willing to buy more for their kids because trends such as smaller family size, dual incomes and postponing children until later in life mean that families have more disposable income. As well, guilt can play a role in spending decisions as time-stressed parents substitute material goods for time spent with their kids. Here are some of the strategies marketers employ to target kids: Pester (纠缠) Power C．Today's kids have more autonomy and decision-making power within the family than in previous generations, so it follows that kids are vocal about what they want their parents to buy. "Pester power" refers to children's ability to nag their parents into purchasing items they may not otherwise buy. Marketing to children is all about creating pester power, because advertisers know what a powerful force it can be. D．According to the 2001 marketing industry book Kidfluence, pestering or nagging can be divided into two categories--"persistence" and "importance". Persistence nagging (a plea, that is repeated over and over again) is not as effective as the more sophisticated "importance nagging". This latter method appeals to parents' desire to provide the best for their children, and plays on any guilt they may have about not having enough time for their kids. The Marriage of Psychology and Marketing E．To effectively market to children, advertisers need to know what makes kids tick. With the help of well-paid researchers and psychologists, advertisers now have access to in-depth knowledge about children's developmental, emotional and social needs at different ages. Using research that analyzes children's behaviour, fantasy lives, art work, even their dreams, companies are able to craft sophisticated marketing strategies to reach young people. F．The issue of using child psychologists to help marketers target kids gained widespread public attention in 1999, when a group of US mental health professionals issued a public letter to the American Psychological Association (APA) urging them to declare the practice unethical. The APA is currently studying the issue. Building Brand Name Loyalty G．Canadian author Naomi Klein tracks the birth of "brand" marketing in her 2000 book No Logo. According to Klein, the mid-1980s saw the birth of a new kind of corporation—Nike, Calvin Klein, Tommy Hilfiger, to name a few—which changed their primary corporate focus from producing products to creating an image for their brand name. By moving their manufacturing operations to countries with cheap labour, they freed up money to create their powerful marketing messages. It has been a tremendously profitable formula, and has led to the creation of some of the most wealthy and powerful multi-national corporations the world has seen. H．Marketers plant the seeds of brand recognition in very young children, in the hopes that the seeds will grow into lifetime relationships. According to the Center for a New American Dream, babies as young as six months of age can form mental images of corporate logos and mascots. Brand loyalties can be established as early as age two, and by the time children head off to school most can recognize hundreds of brand logos. While fast food, toy and clothing companies have been cultivating brand recognition in children for years, adult-oriented businesses such as banks and automakers are now getting in on the act. Buzz or Street Marketing I．The challenge for marketers is to cut through the intense advertising clutter (杂乱) in young people's lives. Many companies are using "buzz marketing"—a new twist on the tried-and-true "word of mouth" method. The idea is to find the coolest kids in a community and have them use or wear your product in order to create a buzz around it. Buzz, or "street marketing", as it's also called, can help a company to successfully connect with the elusive (难找的) teen market by using trendsetters to give them products "cool" status. J．Buzz marketing is particularly well-suited to the Internet, where young "Net promoters" use chat rooms and blogs to spread the word about music, clothes and other products among unsuspecting users. Commercialization in Education K．School used to be a place where children were protected from the advertising and consumer messages that permeated their world—but not anymore. Budget shortfalls (亏空，差额) are forcing school boards to allow corporations access to students in exchange for badly needed cash, computers and educational materials. L．Corporations realize the power of the school environment for promoting their name and products. A school setting delivers a captive youth audience and implies the endorsement of teachers and the educational system. Marketers are eagerly exploiting this medium in a number of ways, including: 1) sponsored educational materials; 2) supplying schools with technology in exchange for high company visibility; 3) advertising posted in classrooms, school buses, on computers in exchange for funds; 4) contests and incentive programs: for example, the Pizza Hut reading incentives program in which children receive certificates for free pizza if they achieve a monthly reading goal; 5) sponsoring school events. The Internet M．The Internet is an extremely desirable medium for marketers wanting to target children. It's part of youth culture. This generation of young people is growing up with the Internet as a daily and routine part of their lives. Kids are often online alone, without parental supervision. Unlike broadcasting media, which have codes regarding advertising to kids, the Internet is unregulated. Sophisticated technologies make it easy to collect information from young people for marketing research, and to target individual children with personalized advertising. Marketing Adult Entertainment to Kids N．Children are often aware of and want to see entertainment meant for older audiences because it is actively marketed to them. In a report released in 2000, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) revealed how the movie, music and video games industries routinely market violent entertainment to young children. O．The FTC studied 44 films rated "Restricted", and discovered that 80 percent were targeted to children under 17. Marketing plans included TV commercials run during hours when young viewers were most likely to be watching. The FTC report also highlighted the fact that toys based on characters from mature entertainment are often marketed to young children. Mature rated video games are advertised in youth magazines; and toys based on "Restricted" movies and M-rated video games are marketed to children as young as four.

填空题An advanced degree in business studies is now a must for any ambitious and focused executive hoping to climb the career ladder in his or her chosen profession and the number of MBA graduates in business large or small is (36) . Managers armed with newly-minted MBAs are also been eagerly recruited into government services, non-governmental organizations and sectors where they were (37) before. Along with the expected professional (38) , an MBA degree can also double an executive's salary. And schools are offering a choice of programs to meet the demands of the new students who come with a wide range of national backgrounds and with varied job experience and precise needs concerning the time they can spare to (39) a degree. Candidates can study for their MBAs in their home countries or abroad, in part-time or full-time programs, in their homes via (40) learning or on campus, in English or in other languages. These new (41) are just one way in which business education has (42) deep changes, especially over the past decade, to what was once one of the most (43) disciplines in higher education. (44) . Another notable factor is the number of new MBA programs in Asia, either offered by schools in the region or by U.S. and European schools through arrangements with Asian institutions. (45) and most faculties have permanent or visiting professors from around the world. (46) .

填空题China has sent several pandas to some foreign governments as gifts.

填空题In some places, little is done to __________________ (把烟土尘净化，就把它排放到空中去了).