填空题Waffles? French toast? Bacon? Big breakfasts may be a thing of the past. According to the Associated Press, more Americans are consuming breakfast in stages thanks to on-the-go lifestyles and the belief that multiple, smaller meals are 1 than three large ones. Serial eating is only expected to increase in the coming years. The NPD Group, a market research company, 2 that the number of times people will snack in the mornings will increase 23% between 2008 and 2018, 3 with 20% and 15% increases in afternoon and evening snacking, 4 . Unlike their evening alter-egos, morning snackers tend to be more health 5 , looking for low-calorie foods with more fiber, antioxidants (抗氧化剂) and whole grains. For instance, General Mills introduced its 140-calorie Fiber One bars in 2007, but recently added three more flavors as well as 90-calorie versions. This may be new in the US, but second breakfast is 6 in countries such as Germany. In Bavaria, a traditional second breakfast 7 of white sausages, pretzels (脆饼干), sweet mustard and, of course, beer. But snackers, beware: Though spreading calories across several meals is generally accepted to be healthier, it can actually cause people to over-consume and gain weight, David Levitsky, a professor of nutrition and psychology at Cornell University, told the AP. Maybe the trend toward portable, quick-hit breakfasts will 8 more people to eat in the morning. According to the Huffington Post, a 2011 9 by the NPD Group found that 10 percent of the US population, or 31 million Americans, 10 the most important meal of the day. A. compared F. estimates K. particularly B. connected G. healthier L. respectively C. conscious H. inspire M. skip D. consists I. made N. supervision E. easier J. necessary O. survey

填空题Web-based applications are programs that sit ______and talk to you through a Web browser.

填空题The earliest known galaxies in the universe, which formed during the universe's "dark age" nearly 13 billion years ago, have been spied by two teams of astronomers. The discoveries, reported separately in this week's issue of the journal Nature. suggest that galaxies were forming just 700 million years after the birth of the universe. Theory holds that the universe formed 13.7 billion years ago when an extremely dense concentration of mass rapidly expended in an event known as the big bang. The universe has been expanding ever since, so astronomers are able to age galaxies by computing how much. the wavelength of their light has stretched—or redshifted—as the expansion takes the galaxies farther from Earth. The redder the light is, the older and more distant the galaxy is. The detection of such ancient galaxies adds intrigue (神秘色彩) to theories of how the very first galaxies formed, according to astronomers. Were there many large, young galaxies in the early universe that are obscured from astronomers' view by abundant gases absorbing their light? Or were galaxies rare and small way back then, as a prevailing theory suggests, and later clumped together to form larger galaxies such as the Milky Way? "We believe that we need both these processes to explain what we see." Masanori lye, a professor at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. said in an email. The galaxy, called IOK-1, formed about 750 million years after the big bang--60 million years closer to the event than the previous record holder. Given the number of galaxies found during a later epoch about 810 million years ago, the researchers had expected to find as many as six galaxies like IOK-1 But the comparative rarity(稀有) of objects like IOK-l means that the universe must have changed significantly over the 60 million years that separate the two epochs, the team suggests. lye and colleagues believe that they are witnessing the last phase of a process known as reionization(再次电离). According to Iye, about 380,000 years after the fiery hot big bang, the universe cooled so much that protons and electrons recombined to form neutral hydrogen. This is known as the beginning of the dark age of the universe, because neutral hydrogen absorbs the light from stars. As more galaxies started to form about 300 million years later, the hot stars heated the intergalactic (银河间的) medium and gradually reionized the neutral hydrogen back m protons and electrons. The ionized hydrogen then became more transparent, allowing the galaxies' light to pass through lye said the new results support the idea that neutral hydrogen was still abundant 750 million years after the big bang, blocking even older galaxies from view. "We are starting to see the last phase of cosmic reionization, or the dawn of the cosmic dark age," he said. lye added that the discovery also supports the "hierarchical" theory of galaxy formation, which suggests that big, bright galaxies formed as smaller galaxies collided and merged. "The epoch we have probed is yet in this critical stage," he said.

填空题Monkey Bailey once lived in Little River Zoo.

填空题By asking these fundamental questions, the author tries to persuade us to change our view on ________.

填空题Since languages have to be designed to suit human weaknesses, it bas to be designed for bad programmers.

填空题The Andean Indians live in the villages all over South America.

填空题The company required that ______ (这份合同要在一个月之内完成).

填空题Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. Personality is to a large extent inherent—A type parents usually bring about a type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major fact or in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the win at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Philippines, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: "Rejoice, we conquer!" By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management. If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.

填空题People who suffer from groups of depressive episodes feel bad all the time.

填空题 {{B}}Is College Really Worth the Money?{{/B}}{{B}}The Real World{{/B}} Este Griffith had it all figured out. When she graduated from the University of Pittsburgh in April 2001, she had her sights set on one thing: working for a labor union. The real world had other ideas. Griffith left school with not only a degree but a boatload of debt. She owed $15,000 in student loans and had racked up $4.000 in credit card debt for books, groceries and other expenses. No labor union job could pay enough to bail her out. So Griffith went to work instead for a Washington. D.C. firm that specializes in economic development. Problem solved? Nope. At age 24. she takes home about $1.800 a month. $1.200 of which-disappears to pay her tent. Add another $t80 a month to retire her student loans and $300 a month to whittle down her credit card balance. "You do the math." she says. Griffith has practically no money to live on. She brown-bags(自带午餐) her lunch and bikes to work. Above all, she fears she'll never own a house or be able to retire. It's not that she regrets getting her degree. "But they don't tell you that the trade-off is the next ten years of your income." she says That's precisely the deal being made by more and more college students. They're mortgaging their futures to meet soaring tuition costs and other college expenses. Like Griffith. they're facing a one-two punch at graduation: hefty(沉重的) student loans and smothering credit card debt not to mention a job market that, for now anyway, is dismal. "We are forcing our children to make a choice between two evils." says Elizabeth Warren. a Harvard Law professor and expert on bankruptcy. "Skip college and face a life of diminished opportunity, or go to college end face a life shackled(束缚 ) by debt."{{B}}Tuition Hikes{{/B}} For some time. colleges have insisted their steep tuition hikes are needed to pay for cutting-edge technologies, faculty and administration salaries, end rising health care costs. Now there's a new culprit(犯人): shrinking state support. Caught in a severe budget crunch, many states have sharply scaled back their funding for higher education. Someone had to make up for those lost dollars. And you can guess who---especially if you live in Massachusetts, which last year hiked its tuition and fees by 24 percent, after funding dropped by 3 percent, or in Missouri, where appropriations (拨款) fell by t0 percent, but tuition rose at double that rate. About one-third of the states, in fact, have increased tuition and fees by more then 10 percent. One of those states is California, and Janet Burrell's family is feeling the palm A bookkeeper m Torrance, Burrell has a daughter at the University of California at Davis. Meanwhile, her sons attend two-year colleges because Burrell can't afford to have all of them in four-year schools at once. Meanwhile, even with tuition hikes, California's community colleges are so strapped for cash they dropped thousands of classes last spring. The result: 54,000 fewer students.{{B}}Collapsing Investments{{/B}} Many families thought they had a surefire plan: even if tuition kept skyrocketing, they had invested enough money along the way to meet the costs. Then a funny thing happened on the way to Wall Street. Those investments collapsed with the stock market. Among the losers last year: the wildly popular "529" plans--federal tax-exempt college savings plans offered by individual states, which have attracted billions from families around the country. "We hear fr0m many parents that what they had set aside declined in value so much that they now don't have enough to see their students through," says Penn State financial aid director Anna Griswold, who witnessed a 10 percent increase in loan applications last year. Even with a market that may be slowly recovering, it will take time, perhaps several years, for people to recoup (补偿) their losses. Nadine Sayegh is among those who didn't have the luxury of waiting for her college nest egg to grow back. Her father had invested money toward her tuition, but a large chunk of it vanished when stocks went south. Nadine was than only partway through college. By graduation, she had taken out at least $10,000 in loans, and her mother had borrowed even more on her behalf. Now 22, Nadine is attending law school, having signed for yet more loans to pay for that. "There wasn't any way to do it differently," she says, "and I'm not happy about it. I've sat down and calculated how long it will take me to pay off everything. I'll be 35 years old." That's if she's very lucky: Nedine based her calculation on landing a job right out of law school that will pay her at least $120,000 a year.{{B}}Dependent on Loans and Credit Cards{{/B}} The American Council on Education has its own calculation that shows how students are more and more dependent on loans. In just five years, from 1995 to 2000, the median loan debt at public institutions rose from $10,342 to $15,375. Most of this comes from federal loans, which Congress made more tempting in 1992 by expanding eligibility (home equity no longer counts against your assets) and raising loan limits (a dependent undergraduate can now borrow up to $23 000 from the federal government). But students aren't stopping there. The College Board estimates that they also borrowed $4.5 billion from private lenders in the 2000-2001 academic year, up from $1.5 billion just five years earlier. For 10ts of students, the worst of it isn't even the weight of those direct student loans. It's what they rack up on all those plastic cards in their wallets. As of two years ago, according to a study by lender Nellie Mae, more than eight out of ten undergrads had their Own credit cards, with the typical student carrying four. That's no big surprise, given the in-your-face marketing by credit card companies, which set up tables on campus to entice(诱惑) students to sign up. Some colleges ban or restrict this hawking, but others give it a boost. You know those credit cards emblazoned with a school's picture or its logo? For sanctioning such a card—a must-have for some students--a college department or association gets payments 'from the issuer. Meanwhile, from freshman year to graduation, according to the Nellie Mae study, students triple the number of credit cards they own and double their debt on them. As of 2001, they were in the hole an average $2,327.{{B}}A Wise Choice?{{/B}} One day, Moyer sat down with his mother, Janne O'Donnell, to talk about his goal of going to law school. Don't count on it, O'Donnell told him. She couldn't afford the cost and Moyer doubted he could get a loan, given how much he owed already. "He said he felt like a failure," O'Donnell recalls. "He didn't know how he had gotten into such a mess." A week later, the 22-year-old hanged himself in his bedroom, where his mother found him. O'Donnell is convinced the money pressures caused his suicide. "Sean tried to pay his debts off," she says. "And he couldn't take it." To be sure, suicides are exceedingly rare. But despair is common, and it sometimes leads students to rethink whether college was worth it. In fact, there are quite a few jobs that don't require a college degree, yet pay fairly well. On average, though, college graduates can expect to earn 80 percent more than those with only a high school diploma. Also, all but two of the 50 highest paying jobs (the exceptions being air traffic controllers and nuclear power reactor operators) require a four-year college degree. So foregoing a college education is often not a wise choice. Merit Mikhail, who graduated last June from the University of California, Riverside, is glad she borrowed to get through school. But she left Riverside owing $20,000 in student loans and another $7,000 in credit card debt. Now in law school, Merit hopes to become a public-interest attorney, yet she may have to postpone that goal, which bothers her. To handle her debt, she'll probably need to start with a more lucrative (有利的) legal job. Like so many other students, Mikhail took out her loans on a kind of blind faith that she could deal with the consequences. "You say to yourself, 'I have to go into debt to make it work, and whatever it takes later, I'll manage.'" Later has now arrived, and Mikhail is finding out the true cost of her college degree.

填空题Teenagers will be told to "stand up for their elders" on public transport—or risk losing their right to free travel. London Mayor Boris Johnson will 31 plans to make youngsters sign a "courtesy pledge" to promise to behave in a respectful manner when travelling in the capital. The three-point pledge states that they will give up their seats to the elderly, 32 and disabled; refrain from using 33 or threatening language; and be courteous and polite to fellow passengers and staff. Those who 34 , or are caught behaving in a loutish (粗也无理的) manner, will have their free travel passes removed. The plan—a key part of Mr. Johnson"s re-election bid—will initially affect the 400000 11-to-15-year-olds in London who 35 free travel cards, but Tory sources believe the idea could be used across the country. A Conservative insider said, "The initiative chimes perfectly with the push to create a Big Society. It is about changing culture and expectations around behavior to improve the 36 on buses and trains for everyone." Speaking before the launch, Mr. Johnson said he 37 tackle the anti-social behavior of a "minority of youngsters" on public transport. Teenagers found guilty of a serious 38 of the new behavior code will lose their travel passes, and will have to carry out unpaid community work to have them 39 . The move follows an earlier initiative of Mr. Johnson"s that banned the consumption of alcohol on public transport in the capital, which is credited with helping to 40 crime rates on buses and trains.

填空题The Heart Center warn public, ____________________ concerning the amount of chocolate consuming.