填空题Mr. Bellavance, was always optimistic during the period of unemployment.

填空题What are our intellectual seasonal cycles according to Professor Huntington?

填空题Is Becoming a Specialist Leader in Education a Practical Career Option? A. In the post-local education authority world, specialist leaders of education (SLEs) are in the forefront of the new era of school-to-school support. But what does it take to fill this role, and where does it lead in a teacher"s career path? B. SLEs have replaced advanced skills teachers (ASTs), which offered an alternative career path for skilled teachers who did not want to go into management. The brief has changed somewhat, however, with SLEs specifically charged with working with other schools. Teaching school alliances are responsible for recruiting SLEs, although applicants do not have to be from within the alliance as long as their school is willing to release them to work elsewhere. There are around 3,800 SLEs in England, with a target of 5,000 by next March. C. Shotton Hall Teaching School Alliance in County Durham has around 40 SLEs. The principal qualification is the ability to apply their skills to raise standards, whether it is in teaching and learning or support services, according to Bryan Stephenson, director of the teaching school. "We"re looking for outstanding practitioners who have a record of school improvement behind them," he says. Maths and English are the most sought after SLEs, he adds, although the alliance also has specialists in business management, curriculum, special educational needs support and continuous professional development, among other areas. D. The SLE route is typically for a head of department or assistant headteacher who wants to get experience of school-to-school support, he says. Unlike ASTs, SLEs do not get any extra salary. For Anna Pickover, SLE status is a way of progressing in her career while remaining in the classroom. The equivalent of a deputy in her department, she says she did not want to go into management at this stage in her career. "My focus has always been towards the teaching and learning of maths," she says. "I wanted to spread the maths love." Her first year as an SLE, based at Shotton Hall Academy, has embraced the whole spectrum of school-to-school support, from the intensive to the light touch. "It can be anything from an email suggesting a resource to observing a lesson and developing practice," she says. E. Schools looking for help in a particular area contact the teaching school alliance, which acts as a broker in arranging support from a relevant SLE. An initial meeting identifies the school"s needs, followed by a plan setting out what wilt be involved. F. Pickover says her ultimate goal is to become an assistant headteacher, but SLE status has more reward than just as a career stepping stone. "I absolutely love it," she says. "It makes you feel the work you are doing is good and I love spreading teaching and learning of maths. If you go into a school you are giving ideas but you are also getting new ideas." G. Teaching school alliances typically charge ￡ 350 a day for an SLE"s services and the intention is for the system to be self-funding. This can put pressure on SLEs to drum up business, but Ruth Williams relishes this side of the role. "Some people find it quite challenging because you are generating your own business, but I really enjoy it," says Williams, who worked in marketing before becoming a teacher. "It is giving me the opportunity to do more consultancy while still teaching." H. Williams, based at Lampton School in Hounslow, west London, is deployed in primary schools to help with the transition from primary to secondary maths, and says so far demand for her services is far exceeding her capacity. SLEs are typically released by their school for one day a week, although Williams says she may have to go up to two. I. She works with both students and teachers, running maths masterclasses, delivering inset days and observing and modelling lessons. She has also secured funding to develop a programme to improve maths skills among primary teachers. "It is an outward-facing role, looking at how your skills can be used to help others," she says. "It is no longer about being in your own school: it is about spreading knowledge." J. Although schools with an SLE lose them for part of the week, it is justified by the rewards, says Jacqueline Smith, head of the teaching school at Lampton. "We get more than we give," she says. "Staff are really motivated by professional recognition and respect for their expertise." Working in a different context also develops skills that the SLE brings back to their own school, she adds. But covering their timetable means it is not a way to make money. "I would have thought it only just breaks even," she adds. K. SLEs are still in their early days and their future is by no means assured. Bryan Stephenson suggests an increase in the number of teaching school alliances will make it harder to deploy them, with more SLEs competing for the same market. It can also be tricky to convince a school to pay for support if it is used to getting it for free, as happened under the AST system, says Peter Gale, director of the teaching school at George Abbot School in Guildford, Surrey. L. Some headteachers are reluctant to release staff, he adds, particularly in primary schools where there is less slack in the timetable. Add in a squeeze on budgets and the result might be that SLEs are mainly used in multi-academy trusts, he says. M. A shortage of opportunities meant Alastair McKenzie was not deployed as often as he would have liked in his six months as an SLE in English at George Abbot. McKenzie, now vice-principal at Kings College in Guildford, had been an AST and becoming an SLE seemed the logical step. N. "Historically, schools have always lent staff and I don"t think the local area really bought into the notion of paying for school-to-school support," he says. "I"m not convinced that the fee-paying model is the right one." Despite this, he feels he benefited from the deployments he had as an SLE. "One of the greatest joys is to go into other schools," he says. "You learn a huge amount. Every time you watch a lesson you come out with an idea."

填空题Just as the Corporate cowboys of the 1970s destroyed the reputation of the corporations they headed, and engaged in grand scale self indulgence at corporate expense, now Australia is in the era of the campus cowboy (and female counterpart). They too overstate the performance of their product and corporation, and indulge in grand scale self indulgence, despite their claims of academic excellence and projecting a holier than holy image. Academics are put under various pressures to drop the standard of university education so that more students are retained through to graduation, thereby maximizing the revenue collected by governments of both persuasions and the more revenue handed back to the universities to fund the outrageous perquisites of senior management at those institutions. Australian universities artificially boost student numbers by accepting many Australians who should not be allowed within 100 kilometers of a university on the grounds of their intellectual rigor and/or lack of diligence and by actively recruiting full fee paying overseas students. Despite increased HECS fees, lecturers have been instructed to neglect their teaching in favor of research which generates further university revenue. Both tactics by Australian universities have resulted in a dumbing down of Australian tertiary(高等的)education. Sure the courses look good on paper, but how they are administered results in the massive abandonment of educational standards. For example, in some cases, students can pass a subject having scored only 30% on the final exam. In some instances, the English of the overseas students is limited and lecturers have trouble understanding what students are trying to say. They are under pressure to pass the student in order to retain them as cash cows. Lecturers are under so much pressure from their university managers that they employ tactics such as giving the students the exam questions and answers before the exam giving 'mock' exams and answers that are the same as the 'real' exam and setting only the simplest of questions (which are similar to questions students have already done in tutorials. Why aren't various parties doing something about the situation? Students don't complain because they get their qualification and higher grades with less work. Lecturers complain but how to the pressure imposed on them because they have mortgages to pay, families to feed and a career investment in tertiary education. Universities win because lower standards and easier success means more students will come back to do higher degrees—a win-win situation? Professions which employ large groups of graduates don't complain because the system produces more 'qualified' graduates for employers to choose from, thus forcing down salaries and generating more revenue for the profession's administrators from increased numbers of people undertaking postgraduate professional exams necessary for admittance to the relevant profession.

填空题____________(如果论文的整体框架提前设计的话), a great deal of time and energy would have been saved.

填空题Daily newspaper has an editorial page. Here opinion is expressed on events and {{U}}(36) {{/U}}in the news. But editorial judgment is so persuasively{{U}} (37) {{/U}} that many people accept these opinions as facts. Good journalists{{U}} (38) {{/U}}a code of ethics which{{U}} (39) {{/U}}between news and editorial opinion. This code holds that in an editorial{{U}} (40) {{/U}}the publisher is entitled to{{U}} (41) {{/U}}any cause he chooses. It is understood that there he is speaking as a partisan and may express any view he{{U}} (42) {{/U}}. Because a modern newspaper is so expensive to produce and so {{U}}(43) {{/U}}to establish, newspapers have increasingly become big business organizations. Although there are exceptions,{{U}} (44) {{/U}}. In the news columns, however, the complete and unbiased facts should be reported. The better metropolitan newspapers and{{U}} (45) {{/U}}. But the less ethical publications{{U}} (46) {{/U}}.

填空题Meaning Is Healthier Than Happiness A. For at least the last decade, the happiness craze has been building. In the last three months alone, over 1,000 books on happiness were released on Amazon, including Happy Money Happy-People-Pills for All , and, For those just starting out, Happiness for Beginners . B. One of the consistent claims of books like these is that happiness is associated with all sorts of good life outcomes, including—most promisingly—good health. Many studies have noted the connection between a happy mind and a healthy body—the happier we are, the better health outcomes we seem tohave. In an overview of 150 studies on this topic, researchers put it like this: "Inductions of well-beinglead to healthy functioning, and inductions of ill-being lead to compromised health." C. But a new study, just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) challenges the rosy picture. Happiness may not be as good for the body as researchers thought. It might even be bad. D. Of course, it"s important to first define happiness. A few months ago, I wrote a piece called "There" sMore to Life Than Being Happy" about a psychology study that dug into what happiness really meansto people. It specifically explored the difference between a meaningful life and a happy life. E. It seems strange that there would be a difference at all. But the researchers, who looked at a large sample of people over a month-long period, found that happiness is associated with selfish "taking" behavior and that having a sense of meaning in life is associated with selfless "giving" behavior. F. "Happiness without meaning characterizes a relatively shallow, self-absorbed or even selfish life, in which things go well, needs and desires are easily satisfied, and complicated relationships areavoided," the authors of the study wrote. "If anything, pure happiness is linked to not helping othersin need." While being happy is about feeling good, meaning is derived from contributing to others orto society in a bigger way. As Roy Baumeister, one of the researchers, told me, "Partly what we do ashuman beings is to take care of others and contribute to others. This makes life meaningful but it doesnot necessarily make us happy." G. The new PNAS study also sheds light on the difference between meaning and happiness, but on thebiological level. Barbara Fredrickson, a psychological researcher at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, and Steve Cole, a genetics and psychiatry (精神病学) researcher at UCLA, examined theself-reported levels of happiness and meaning in 80 research subjects. H. Happiness was defined, as in the earlier study, by feeling good. The researchers measured happiness by asking subjects questions like "How often did you feel happy?", "How often did you feel interested inlife?" and "How often did you feel satisfied?" The more strongly people endorsed these measures of " hedonic (享乐主义的) well-being," or pleasure, the higher they scored on happiness. I. Meaning was defined as an orientation to something bigger than the self. They measured meaning byasking questions like "How often did you feel that your life has a sense of direction or meaning to it?" and "How often did you feel that you had something to contribute to society?" The more peopleendorsed these measures of " eudaimonic (幸福论的) well-being"—or, simply put, virtue—the moremeaning they felt in life. J. After noting the sense of meaning and happiness that each subject had, Fredrickson and Cole, withtheir research colleagues, looked at the ways certain genes expressed themselves in each of the participants. Like neuroscientists who use fMRI (功能磁共振成像) scanning to determine how regionsin the brain respond to different stimuli, Cole and Fredrickson are interested in how the body, at the genetic level, responds to feelings of happiness and meaning. K. Cole"s past work has linked various kinds of chronic adversity to a particular gene expression pattern. When people feel lonely, are grieving the loss of a loved one, or are struggling to make ends meet, their bodies go into threat mode. This triggers the activation of a stress-related gene pattern that hastwo features: an increase in the activity of pro-inflammatory (促炎症的) genes and a decrease in the activity of genes involved in anti-viral responses. L. Cole and Fredrickson found that people who are happy but have little to no sense of meaning in theirlives have the same gene expression patterns as people who are responding to and enduring chronicadversity. That is, the bodies of these happy people are preparing them for bacterial threats byactivating the pro-inflammatory response. Chronic inflammation is, of course, associated with majorillnesses like heart disease and various cancers. M. "Empty positive emotions"—like the kind people experience during manic (狂喜的) episodes orartificially induced euphoria (欣快) from alcohol and drugs—"are about as good for you as adversity," says Fredrickson. N. It"s important to understand that for many people, a sense of meaning and happiness in life overlap; many people score jointly high (or jointly low) on the happiness and meaning measures in the study. But for many others, there is a dissonance (不一致)—they feel that they are low on happiness andhigh on meaning or that their lives are very high in happiness, but low in meaning. This last group, which has the gene expression pattern associated with adversity, formed 75 percent of studyparticipants. Only one quarter of the study participants had what the researchers call "eudaimonic. predominance"—that is, their sense of meaning outpaced their feelings of happiness. O. This is too bad given the more beneficial gene expression pattern associated with meaningfulness. People whose levels of happiness and meaning line up, and people who have a strong sense of meaningbut are not necessarily happy, showed a de-activation of the adversity stress response. Their bodies were not preparing them for the bacterial infections that we get when we are alone or in trouble, but for the viral infections we get when surrounded by a lot of other people. P. Fredrickson"s past research, described in her two books, Positivity and Love 2.0, has mapped the benefits of positive emotions in individuals. She has found that positive emotions broaden a person"s perspective and help protect people against adversity. So it was surprising to her that hedonic well-being, which is associated with positive emotions and pleasure, did so badly in this study compared with eudaimonic well-being. Q. "It"s not the amount of hedonic happiness that"s a problem." Fredrickson tells me, "It"s that it"s not matched by eudaimonic well-being. It"s great when both are in step. But if you have more hedonic well-being than would be expected, that"s when this [gene] pattern that"s similar to adversity emerged." R. The terms hedonism and eudaimonism bring to mind the great philosophical debate, which has shaped Western civilization for over 2,000 years, about the nature of the good life. Does happiness lie in feeling good, as hedonists think, or in doing and being good, as Aristotle and his intellectual descendants, the virtue ethicists (伦理学家), think? From the evidence of this study, it seems that feeling good is not enough. People need meaning to thrive. In the words of Carl Jung, "The least of things with a meaning is worth more in life than the greatest of things without it." Jung"s wisdom certainly seems to apply to our bodies, if not also to our hearts and our minds.

填空题The radio was of so inferior quality that I took it back and asked for a better one . A. so B. that C. back D. one

填空题According to the writer, what is the correct attitude to treat others?

填空题Plastic Surgery A better credit card is the solution to ever larger hack attacks A. A thin magnetic stripe(magstripe)is all that stands between your credit-card information and the bad guys. And they"ve been working hard to break in. That"s why 2014 is shaping up as a major showdown: banks, law enforcement and technology companies are all trying to stop a network of hackers who are succeeding in stealing account numbers, names, email addresses and other crucial data used in identity theft. More than 100 million accounts at Target, Neiman Marcus and Michaels stores were affected in some way during the most recent attacks, starting last November. B. Swipe(刷卡)is the operative word: cards are increasingly vulnerable to attacks when you make purchases in a store. In several recent incidents, hackers have been able to obtain massive information of credit-, debit-(借记)or prepaid-card numbers using malware, i.e. malicious soft-ware, inserted secretly into the retailers" point-of-sale system—the checkout registers. Hackers then sold the data to a second group of criminals operating in shadowy corners of the web. Not long after, the stolen data was showing up on fake cards and being used for online purchases. C. The solution could cost as little as $2 extra for every piece of plastic issued. The fix is a security technology used heavily outside the U. S. While American credit cards use the 40-year-old magstripe technology to process transactions, much of the rest of the world uses smarter cards with a technology called EMV(short for Europay, MasterCard, Visa)that employs a chip embedded in the card plus a customer PIN( personal identification number)to authenticate(验证)every transaction on the spot. If a purchaser fails to punch in the correct PIN at the checkout, the transaction gets rejected. (Online purchases can be made by setting up a separate transaction code.) D. Why haven"t big banks adopted the more secure technology? When it comes to mailing out new credit cards, it"s all about relative costs, says David Robertson, who runs the Nilson Report, an industry newsletter. "The cost of the card, putting the sticker on it, coding the account number and expiration date, embossing(凸印)it, the small envelope—all put together, you"re in the dollar range." A chip-and-PIN card currently costs closer to $3, says Robertson, because of the price of chips. (Once large issuers convert together, the chip costs should drop.) E. Multiply $3 by the more than 5 billion magstripe credit and prepaid cards in circulation in the U. S. Then consider that there"s an estimated $12.4 billion in card fraud on a global basis, says Robertson. With 44% of that in the U. S. American credit-card fraud amounts to about $5.5 billion annually. Card issuers have so far calculated that absorbing the liability for even big hacks like the Target one is still cheaper than replacing all that plastic. F. That leaves American retailers pretty much alone the world over in relying on magstripe technology to charge purchases—and leaves consumers vulnerable. Each magstripe has three tracks of information, explains payments security expert Jeremy Gumbley, the chief technology officer of CreditCall, an electronic-payments company. The first and third are used by the bank or card issuer. Your vital account information lives on the second track, which hackers try to capture. "Malware is scanning through the memory in real time and looking for data," he says. "It creates a text file that gets stolen." G. Chip-and-PIN cards, by contrast, make fake cards or skimming impossible because the information that gets scanned is encrypted (加密). The historical reason the U. S. has stuck with magstripe, ironically enough, is once superior technology. Our cheap, ultra-reliable wired net-works made credit-card authentication over the phone frictionless. In France, card companies created EMV in part because the telephone monopoly was so maddeningly inefficient and expensive. The EMV solution allowed transactions to be verified locally and securely. H. Some big banks, like Wells Fargo, are now offering to convert your magstripe card to a chip-and-PIN model. (It"s actually a hybrid(混合体)that will still have a magstripe, since most U. S. merchants don"t have EMV terminals.) Should you take them up on it? If you travel internationally, the answer is yes. I. Keep in mind, too, that credit cards typically have better liability protection than debit cards. If someone uses your credit card fraudulently(欺炸性地), it"s the issuer or merchant, not you, that takes the hit. Debit cards have different liability limits depending on the bank and the events surrounding any fraud. "If it"s available, the logical thing is to get a chip-and-PIN card from your bank," says Eric Adamowsky, a co-founder of CreditCardInsider. com. "I would use credit cards over debit cards because of liability issues. "Cash still works pretty well too. J. Retailers and banks stand to benefit from the lower fraud levels of chip-and-PIN cards but have been reluctant for years to invest in the new infrastructure(基础设施)needed for the technology, especially if consumers don"t have access to it. It"s a chicken-and-egg problem: no one wants to spend the money on upgraded point-of-sale systems that can read the chip cards if shoppers aren"t car-tying them—yet there"s little point in consumers" carrying the fancy plastic if stores aren"t equipped to use them. (An earlier effort by Target to move to chip and PIN never gained progress.) According to Gumbley, there"s a "you-first mentality. The logjam(僵局)has to be broken." K. JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon recently expressed his willingness to do so, noting that banks and merchants have spent the past decade suing each other over interchange fees—the percentage of the transaction price they keep—rather than deal with the growing hacking problem. Chase offers a chip-enabled card under its own brand and several others for travel-related companies such as British Airways and Ritz-Carlton. L. The Target and Neiman hacks have also changed the cost calculation: although retailers have been reluctant to spend the $6.75 billion that Capgemini consultants estimate it will take to convert all their registers to be chip-and-PIN compatible, the potential liability they now face is dramatically greater. Target has been hit with class actions from hacked consumers. "It"s the ultimate nightmare," a retail executive from a well-known chain admitted to TIME. M. The card-payment companies MasterCard and Visa are pushing hard for change. The two firms have warned all parties in the transaction chain—merchant, network, bank—that if they don"t become EMV-compliant by October 2015, the party that is least compliant will bear the fraud risk. N. In the meantime, app-equipped smartphones and digital wallets—all of which can use EMV technology—are beginning to make inroads(侵袭)on cards and cash. PayPal, for instance, is testing an app that lets you use your mobile phone to pay on the fly at local merchants—without surrendering any card information to them. And further down the road is biometric authentication, which could be encrypted with, say, a fingerprint. O. Credit and debit cards, though, are going to be with us for the foreseeable future, and so are hackers, if we stick with magstripe technology. "It seems crazy to me," says Gumbley, who is English, "that a cutting-edge-technology country is depending on a 40-year-old technology." That"s why it may be up to consumers to move the needle on chip and PIN. Robertson says "When you get the consumer into a position of worry and inconvenience, that"s where the rubber hits the road."

填空题Earth's surface releases some of the heat from the Sun as______.

填空题I don't think ______ (她会原谅我告诉史密斯她的秘密).

填空题In 1992, employment in the manufacturing section was______.

填空题Diversity in college admission makes good educational sense and good business sense. One reason is that learning to 1 with those who are very different from us is now a critical piece of a strong education. A broad range of 2 enriches both the classrooms and residence halls. We will all be expected to be able to navigate an increasingly global society as well as a country in which there is no longer a clear 3 . It is also critical to nearly all colleges that they educate the future leaders of 4 communities—that they have a presence, a "footprint," in a variety of populations and settings. But in evaluating diversity it is overly simplistic to look at admission rates alone. This is understandably cut-and-dried (已成定局的) in media 5 . Human beings are messy and complicated and bring with them messy and complicated back-stories, well beyond grades and scores. A process that looks at applicants 6 necessarily takes far more into account than just grades and scores, or the student"s self-reported race or ethnicity—it looks at many aspects of a student"s background, such as where he was raised, the family background and educational history, language spoken in the household, opportunities 7 in the school or local community, and many additional aspects of a student"s heritage. Equally important, each college"s 8 process differs widely depending on the size and quality of its applicant pool. Each college or university that 9 integral admission—regardless of whether it is a public or private institution and regardless of its selectivity level—always seeks to understand the overall context of an applicant before making an admission decision. Although diversity in its broadest definition has been proven to be an essential component of the educational experience, making admission decisions based on all 10 facts, in context, is the most critical aspect to crafting a class of college students. A. advantageous B. available C. coincide D. coverage E. engage F. integrally G. intends H. majority I. multiple J. perspectives K. practices L. publication M. relevant N. selection O. simultaneously