填空题Mark Twain seemed unhappy in his later years because his wife and______ had died.

填空题Researchers are getting more and more interested in making ______.

填空题Modern Marriage America New marriage A. The wedding of the 20th century, in 1981, celebrated a marriage that turned out to be a huge bust. It ended as badly as a relationship can: scandal, divorce and, ultimately, death and worldwide weeping. B. So when the firstborn son of that union, Britain's Prince William, set in motion the wedding of this century by getting engaged to Catherine Middleton, he did things a little differently. He picked someone older than he is (by six months), who went to the same university he did and whom he'd dated for a long time. C. Although she is not of royal blood. she stands to become the first English Queen with a university degree, so in one fundamental way, theirs is a union of equals. In that regard, the new couple reflects the changes in the shape and nature of marriage that have been rippling throughout the Western world for the past few decades. D. In fact, statistically speaking, a young man of William's age—if not his royal English heritage—might be just as likely not to get married, yet. In 1960, the year before Princess Diana, William's mother, was born, nearly 70% of American adults were married; now only about half are. Eight times as many children are born out of wedlock. Back then, two-thirds were married; in 2008 just 26% were. And college graduates are now far more likely to marry (64%) than those with no higher education (48%). Why marriage is wanted? E. When an institution so central to human experience suddenly changes shape in the space of a generation or two. It's worth trying to figure out why. This fall the Pew Research Center, in association with TIME, conducted a nationwide poll exploring the contours of modern marriage and the new American family, posing questions about what people want and expect out of marriage and family life, why they enter into committed relationships and what they gain from them. What we found is that marriage, whatever its social, spiritual or symbolic appeal, is in purely practical terms just not as necessary as it used to be. Neither men nor women need to be married to have sex or companionship or professional success or respect or even children-yet marriage remains revered and desired. F. And of all the transformations our family structures have undergone in the past 50 years, perhaps the most profound is the marriage differential that has opened between the rich and the poor. In 1960 the median household income of married adults was 12% higher than that of single adults, after adjusting for household size. By 2008 this gap had grown to 41%. In other words, the richer and more educated you are, the more likely you are to marry, or to be married—or, conversely, if you're married, you're more likely to be well off. G. The question of why the wealth disparity between the married and the unmarried has grown so much is related to other, broader issues about marriage: whom it best serves, how it relates to parenting and family life and how its voluntary nature changes social structures. The marrying kind. H. In 1978, when the divorce rate was much higher than it is today, a TIME poll asked Americans if they thought marriage was becoming obsolete. Twenty-eight percent did. I. Since then, we've watched that famous royal marriage and the arrival of Divorce Court. We've tuned in to Family Ties (nuclear family with three kids)and Modem Family(nuclear family with three kids, plus gay uncles with an adopted Vietnamese baby and a grandfather with a Colombian second wife and dorky stepchild). We've spent time with Will and Grace, who bickered like spouses but weren't, and with the stars of Newlyweds: Nick we have more faith in the family than we do in the nation's education system or its economy. We're just more flexible about how family gets defined. K. Even more surprising: overwhelmingly, Americans still venerate marriage enough to want to try it. About 70% of us have been married at least once, according to the 2010 Census. The Pew poll found that although 44% of Americans under 30 believe marriage is heading for extinction,only 5% of those in that age group do not want to get married. Sociologists note that Americans have a rate of marriage—and of remarriage—among the highest in the Western world. (In between is a divorce rate higher than that of most countries in the European Union.) We spill copious amounts of ink and spend copious amounts of money being anxious about manage, both collectively and individually. We view the state of our families as a symbol of the state of our nation. and we treat marriage as a personal project, something we work at and try to perfect. "Getting married is a way to show family and friends that you have a successful personal life. " says Andrew Cherlin, a sociologist at Johns Hopkins University and the author of The Marriage-Go-Round, The State of Marriage and the Family in America Today. "It's like the ultimate merit badge. " L. But if marriage is no longer obligatory or even-in certain cases-helpful, then what is it for? It's impossible to address that question without first answering another: Who is marriage for? The new marriage gap to begin to answer that question, it might be useful to take a look at the brief but illustrative marriage of golfer Greg Norman and tennis star Chris Evert. Who married in June 2008 and divorced 15 months later. From all reports, their union had many of the classic hallmarks of modern partnerships. The bride and groom had roughly equal success in their careers. Being wealthy, sporty and blond, they had similar interests. She was older than he, and they'd had other relationships before. (She'd had two previous spouses and he one. ) Plus, they'd known each other a while, since Evert's newly minted ex-husband, Andy Mill, was Norman's best friend. M. Apart from the interest the union generated in the tabloids, this is typical of the way many marriages start. Modem brides and grooms tend to be older and more similar. In particular, Americans are increasingly marrying people who are on the same socioeconomic and educational level. Fifty years ago, doctors commonly proposed to nurses and businessmen to their secretaries. Even 25 years ago, a professional golfer might malty, say, a flight attendant. Now doctors tend to cleave unto other doctors, and executives hope to be part of a power couple. N. The change is mostly a numbers game. Since more women than men have graduated from college for several decades, it's more likely than it used to be that a male college graduate will meet, fall in love with, wed and share the salary of a woman with a degree. Women's advances in education have roughly paralleled the growth of the knowledge economy, so the slice of the family bacon she brings home will be substantial. O. Women's rising earning power doesn't affect simply who cooks that bacon, although the reapportioning of household labor is a significant issue and means married people need deft negotiation skills. Well-off women don't need to stay in a marriage that doesn't make them happy; two-thirds of all divorces, it's estimated, are initiated by wives. And not just the Sandra Bullock types who have been treated shabbily and have many other fish on their line but also Tipper Gore types whose kids have left home and who don't necessarily expect to remarry but are putting on their walking boots anyway.

填空题______is called "black carbon" pollution.

填空题Managers play an important part in the development of an office-systems career because ______.

填空题Whether you live to eat or eat to live, ______ (食物是每个家庭预算的一项主要开支).

填空题Many of the aids which are advertised as liberating the modern woman tend to have the opposite effect, because they simply change the nature of work instead of eliminating it. Machines have a certain novelty value, like toys for adults. It is 1 less tiring to put clothes in a washing machine, but the time saved does not really 2 too much: the machine has to be watched, the clothes have to be carefully sorted first, stains 3 by hand, buttons pushed and water changed, clothes taken out, aired and ironed. It would be more liberating to pack it all off to a 4 and not necessarily more expensive, since no capital investment is required. Similarly, if you really want to save time you do not make cakes with an electric mixer, you buy one in a shop. If one compares the image of domesticated woman fostered by the women"s magazines with the goods advertised by those periodicals, advertising which finances them, one realizes how useful a projected image can be in commerce. A careful 5 has to be struck: if you show a labor-saving gadget, follow it up with a 6 recipe on the next page; on no account hint at the notion that a woman could get herself a job, but instead foster her sense of her own usefulness, 7 the creative aspect of her function as a housewife. So we get cake mixes where the cook simply adds an egg herself, to produce "that lovely home-baked 8 the family love", and knitting patterns that can be made by hand, or worse still, on knitting machines, which became a tremendous vogue when they were first 9 (difficult to know who would wear all those rapidly produced sweaters, which lacked the advantages of hand-made woolens). Automatic cookers are advertised by pictures of pretty young mothers taking their children to the park, not by 10 women presetting the dinner before catching a bus to the office. A．laundry B．exaggerate C．emphasize D．certainly E．indignant F．removed G．amount H．excessively I．complicated J．handled K．flavor L．professional M．introduced N．calculation O．balance

填空题He is so stubborn that ____________ (没有人能成功地说服他放弃那一计划).

填空题The 4,200-acre ranch is kept as one large and intact archeological site due to Wilcox's______.

填空题Most migrants to the cities can be assumed to have bettered themselves in comparison to ______.

填空题The first time anybody knew about Dutchman Frank Siegmund and his family was when workmen tramping through a field found a narrow steel chimney protruding through the grass. Closer inspection revealed a chink of sky-light window among the thistles and when amazed investigators moved down the side of the hill they came across a pine door and a brass knocker set into an underground building. The Siegmunds had managed to live undetected for six years outside the border town of Breda, in Holland. They are the latest in a clutch of individualistic homemakers who have burrowed underground in search of tranquility. Most, falling foul of strict building regulations, have been forced to dismantle their individualistic homes and return to more conventional lifestyles. But subterranean suburbia Dutch- style, is about to become respectable and chic. Seven luxury homes cosseted away inside a high earth-covered noise embankment next to the main Tilburg city road recently went on the market for $ 296,500 each. The foundations had yet to be dug, but customers queued up to buy the unusual part-submerged houses. Building big commercial buildings underground can be a way to avoid disfiguring or threatening a beautiful or environmentally sensitive landscape. Indeed many of the buildings which consume most land such as cinemas, supermarkets, theatres, warehouses or libraries have no need to be on the surface since they do not need windows. There are big advantages, too, when it comes to private homes. A development of 194 houses which would take up 14 hectares of land above ground would occupy 2.7 hectares below it, while the number of roads would be halved. Under several meters of earth, noise is minimal and insulation is excellent. In Europe, the obstacle has been conservative local authorities and developers who prefer to ensure quick sales with conventional mass-produced housing. But the Dutch development was greeted with undisguised relief by South Limburg planners because of Holland's chronic shortage of land. In the US, where energy-efficient homes became popular after the oil crisis of 1973, 10,000 underground houses have been built. A terrace of five homes, Britain's first subterranean development, is under way in Nottinghamshire. Italy's outstanding example of subterranean architecture is the Olivetti residential centre in Ivreg. Not everyone adapts so well, and in Japan scientists at the Shimizu Corporation have developed "space creation" system which mix light, sound, breezes and scents to simulate people who spend long periods below ground. Underground offices in Japan are being equipped with virtual windows and mirrors, while underground departments in the University of Minnesota have periscopes to reflect views and light. Frank Siegmund and his family love their hobbit lifestyle. Their home evolved when he dug a cool room for his bakery business in a hill he had created. During a heat-wave they took to sleeping there. "We felt at peace and so close to nature," he says, "Gradually I began adding to the rooms. It sounds strange but we are so close ro the earth we draw strength from its vibrations. '

填空题I could not persuade him to accept it, nor______ (使他意识到它的重要性).

填空题As for William, ______ (他宁愿考试不及格也不愿意考试作弊).