填空题Get Enough Sleep—or Else! A good night's sleep is more important to your health than you may realize. A．Megan Jones knew she was tired. Though it had been more than 24 hours since the 25-year-old Vancouverite returned from New Zealand, she was still recovering from jet lag. Jones had left New Zealand on Thursday at 7 a.m., and after a 17-hour flight she arrived in Vancouver at 7: 25—Thursday morning. She forced herself to stay awake all day, hoping to force her body into sleeping through the night. B．But getting the sleep she needed didn't prove easy, even though she hadn't slept in nearly 36 hours. "I barely slept that night," Jones says. The time change had completely disrupted her sleep pattern, and she wasn't rested when she woke at her usual 8 a.m. C．Jones wasn't aware just how tired she was until two hours later when she set off for the grocery store—driving into the lane of oncoming traffic. "Suddenly I knew something wasn't right," she says. "I wasn't in New Zealand anymore. I was in Canada—driving on the wrong side of the road." Luckily she was able to pull back into the right lane without incident. "There's no question that not getting enough sleep can lead to difficulty in concentrating, says Dr. Jeffrey Lipsitz, medical director for the Sleep Disorders Centre of Metropolitan Toronto. D．Whether the cause is jet lag, shift work, chronic insomnia, a sleep disorder or simply trying to put in extra hours at work, we've all experienced the exhaustion caused by lack of sleep. In fact, sleep is as important to a healthy lifestyle as eating properly and exercising. Studies have suggested that too little sleep may increase your risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, obesity and depression. Getting a good night's sleep is one of the simplest things you can do to stay healthy. E．A good night's sleep means waking up rested and energized. On average, a healthy adult requires just over eight hours of sleep a night, according to Lipsitz. However, the amount of sleep it takes to achieve rejuvenation varies from person to person. "It's not a fixed number," says Joseph De Koninck, professor of psychology at the University of Ottawa, adding that if you consistently get less than you need, "a sleep deficit accumulates." F．The time it takes for a sleep deficit to accrue depends on how consistent the problem is, says Dr. Robert Levitan, associate professor of psychiatry at the University of Toronto. "Missing a couple of hours of sleep every night for a week is probably enough." G．According to studies from Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, at least one third of adults have significant sleep loss (6.5 hours or less of sleep a night). A recent AC Nielsen poll shows that 19 percent of American adults get six hours or less a night. H．Why are we so sleep deprived? "We're so busy that we often don't allow enough time for sleep," says Dr. S.R. Dong of the Westcoast Sleep and Breathing Centre in Burnaby, B.C., who believes lifestyle is the main factor contributing to lack of sleep. According to the most recent General Social Survey done by Statistics Canada, 47 percent of Canadians will cut back on sleep in order to add time to their days. I．Whether it's rushing to get the housework done once the kids have gone to bed, attending a social function or working late, we're sleeping less than we should. The same survey reveals that 40 percent of Canadians report trouble sleeping when they're severely pressed for time. J．For some, the problem lies not in finding the time to sleep but in their inability to fall asleep and stay that way. Sleep disorders, including insomnia (失眠症) and sleep apnea (呼吸暂缓), are often the culprit. Statistics Canada's Canadian Community Health Survey says that an estimated 3.3 million Canadians over age 15 suffer from insomnia, and the U.S. National Institutes of Health reports that 70 million Americans suffer from sleep disturbances. K．Not sleeping enough can compromise your immune system, says Stanley Coren, author of Sleep Thieves and a professor of psychology at the University of British Columbia. You eat well and exercise in order to keep your immune system up, explains Coren, but if you aren't sleeping, you undo all that good work. "The immune system works best when you're asleep," he says. "That's when your natural killer cells are generated." Natural killer cells are produced in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph fluid. L．"Natural killer cells are part of the body's defence mechanism against viruses, bacteria, even cancer, and they do not work properly in the sleep deprived," says Dong. A study at the Cerrahpasa Medical School in Turkey found that after 24 hours of sleep deprivation, the percentage of natural killer cells in the blood declined by 37 percent. A University of California, San Diego, study of 23 males found that one night of partial sleep deprivation reduced natural-killer-cell activity to 72 percent of normal levels. M．Though their activity returns to normal when we begin to get proper sleep, Coren cautious that "the real problem is that a lot of damage might have been done to your body during the time that your immune system left you undefended and susceptible to infection." N．It's not just your immune system that suffers when you cut down on sleep. "There is a higher rate of heart failure among people with sleep disorders and sleep disturbances," says Dr. Michael Sole, a cardiologist at the University Health Network in Toronto. According to Sole, there is increased evidence of Creactive protein, an indicator of heart disease risk, in people suffering from sleep loss. O．Researchers at the University of Chicago discovered that chronic sleep loss can reduce the body's ability to regulate hormones and process carbohydrates. In their study they reduced participants' sleep from eight to four hours a night. After less than a week, they noted changes in the body similar to the effects of early diabetes or advanced aging. "Sleep disturbances increase the likelihood of a prediabetic state and obesity," says Sole. P．Registered dietitian Ramona Josephson notes that insufficient sleep may affect three hormones that can contribute to obesity. There's a decrease in leptin, the appetite-suppressing hormone found in our fat tissue, she says. Ghrelin, the hormone controlling hunger pangs, increases with lack of sleep, causing greater feelings of hunger. And our bodies produce more of the stress hormone cortisol, which increases fat storage. Not only do the increased hormones resulting from sleep loss cause us to eat more but most of us also make poor food choices when we're tired. "The less you sleep, the more chance you have of obesity," Josephson says. Q．Sleep is important in keeping not only your waistline trim, but your brain activity balanced as well, says Dr. Robert Levitan. During sleep, brain neurotransmitters—the chemicals that deliver messages between nerve cells in the brain—are replenished. "When you don't get enough sleep," says Levitan, "your brain chemicals become depleted and that causes emotional disturbances," including depression, anxiety, and general feelings of anger or sadness.

填空题He fell iii suddenly. ______ (不然，他不会把工作扔下一半不干的).

填空题As the automobile industry sheds jobs, it comes as good news that over the last decade or so the Internet has created 1.2 million jobs, many paying higher salaries than average, a new study finds. Internet business contributes 2.1%, or $ 300 billion, to the total GDP of the U. S. And IT and related online business may be faring better in this recession than they did in the dotcom bubble of 2000-2002, still growing revenue but at slower pace. Consumers are now making 10% of their retail purchases online, with the exception of groceries, on the Internet, and Internet-based advertising has increased four-fold since 2002 to more than $ 20 billion, said John Deighton, a professor of business administration at Harvard Business School, and one of the authors of the study along with Hamilton Consultants Inc. The study, considered independent, attempts to measure the so-called Internet economy. It was prepared for the Internet Advertising Bureau (IAB) in New York, which represents a variety of Internet and media companies. It does not raise policy implications, but IAB officials said the data will help them make the case for self-regulation on issues such as privacy. Randall Rothenberg, president and CEO of IAB, said the report is the "first rigorous, comprehensive look at the size, scope and impact of the interactive advertising ecosystem." Deighton said the finding could help make the case for a move away from employer-based health care, which he called something out of the Middle Ages, to a system that is good for people to start new businesses without having to provide health coverage. The study's job estimate is based on people who work directly in building or maintaining the Internet's infrastructure, conduct advertising and commerce over it, and other direct uses. The number of indirect jobs supported by Internet-related activities may raise the total number of jobs by 1.54 million, or to slightly more than 3 million supported jobs. E-commerce companies, as well as those that deliver the physical goods, were the major employers, with more than 500,000 of the 1.2 million jobs. Internet service providers followed at 181,000. Content-related employment was estimated at nearly 60,000, and software as a service, 31,500. John Yaglenski, who runs the independent Walt Disney World travel information site Intercot. com, along with 35 volunteers, was at the announcement today and said that that regulation that imposes new requirements and restricts information collection could have a serious impact. Yaglenski said he has privacy policies clearly outlined on his site and believes the industry can regulate itself. "If the government steps in and regulates the industry to the degree that it has done in some other areas, it could really affect our livelihood," he said.

填空题What motivates some seniors to succeed?

填空题If most employees often take business trips, then the office could be much smaller.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}{{I}} This part consists of a short passage. In the passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (—) in the blank.{{/I}} A small piece of fish 'each day may keep the heart doctor off. That' s thefinding of an extensive study of Dutch men in which deaths from heart diseasewas more than 50 percent lower among those who consumed at least an ounce of 62.______.salt water fish per day than those who never eat fish. 63.______. The Dutch research is one of three human studies that give strong scientificbacking to the long-held belief that eating fish can provide health benefits, particular 64.______.to the heart. Heart disease is the number-one killer in the United States, with more than550,000 deaths occurred from heart attacks each year. But researchers previously 65.______.have noticed that the incidence of heart disease is higher in cultures that con- 66.______.sume more fish than Americans do. There are fewer heart disease deaths, for ex-ample, among the Eskimos of Greenland, who consume about 14 ounces of fish aday, and among the Japanese, which daily fish consumption averages more than 3 67.______.ounces. For 20 years, the Dutch study followed to 852 middle-aged men,20 percent of 68.______.whom ate no fish. At the start of the study, the average fish consumption wasabout two-third of an ounce each day with more men eating lean fish than fatty 69.______.fish. During the next two decades, 78 of the men died from heart disease. The fe-west deaths were among the group who irregularly ate fish, even at levels far lower 70.______.than those of the Japanese or Eskimos. This relationship was true regardless other 71.______.factors such as age, high blood pressure, or blood cholesterol(胆固醇) levels.

填空题The agency must______(提交一份年度预算表)the board each July．

填空题According to researchers, laughing aloud help induce happiness.

填空题By saying "But in America, time is more than that" (Line 3, Para.1), the author thinks that the American______.

填空题Since when does curiosity begin to lessen in intensity and extent but improve in quality?

填空题Calcium - rich food ______ its supplements because it also provides other nutrients like vitamin D and other minerals.

填空题 {{U}} (36) {{/U}}devices are changing the way people listen to music, but studies show the devices may be {{U}}(37) {{/U}} hearing loss in many people. Some experts say people may be {{U}}(38) {{/U}} them too loud and for too long. A study {{U}}(39) {{/U}} three hundred high school students and one thousand adults. They were asked about their use of {{U}}(40) {{/U}}. music devices. Forty percent of students and adults said they set the sound levels, or volume, at high. Students were two times more likely to play the music at a very loud volume. More than half of the students said they would {{U}}(41) {{/U}} not limit their listening time, and about a third said they were not likely to reduce the volume. The study found that more than half of the students and less than forty percent of the adults had at least one kind of heating loss. Some {{U}}(42) {{/U}} difficulty heating parts of a {{U}}(43) {{/U}} between two people. {{U}}(44) {{/U}} . Hearing loss may not be apparent for years. But once it happens, it is permanent. {{U}} (45) {{/U}} . They say large earphones that cover the whole ear are probably safer than the smaller ear buds that come with most music players. {{U}} (46) {{/U}}

填空题On the other hand,______(在爸爸妈妈做出牺牲的同时), they expected their children to obey the rules of "nice" behavior, and to grow up into adults that parents can be proud of.

填空题Doctors who treat depression will distinguish major depression and dysthymia and treat them differently.