填空题Children suffer from separation anxiety when facing family stress or being about to enter a new school.

填空题 Most people say that the USA is making progress in fightingAIDS, but they don't know there's cure and strongly disagree that 62. ______."the AIDS epidemic is over, " a new survey finds: The findings, relieved Thursday by the Kaiser Family Foun- 63. ______.dation, reassure activists who have worried that public concernabout AIDS might disappear in night to recent news about ad- 64. ______.vances in treatment and declines in deaths. "While people are very pessimistic about the advances, 65. ______.they're still realistic about the fact that there is no cure, "says Sophia Chang, director of HIV programs at the founda-tion. The Kaiser Family Foundation did find in its survey that 66. ______.the number of people ranked AIDS as the country's top health 67. ______.problem has fallen. In the poll, 38% says it's the top concern, down from 68. ______.44% in a 1996 poll. Other findings from Kaiser, which poll 69. ______.more than 1, 200 adults in September and October and askedadditional question of another 1, 000 adults in November 70. ______.show that 52% say that the country is making progressagainst AIDS, up from 32 % in 1995. Daniel Zingale, directorof AIDS Action Council, says, " I'm encouraged that the Amer-ican people are getting the message what the AIDS epidemic 71. ______.isn't over. I hope the decision-makers in Washington are get-ting the same message. We have seen signs of complacency (满足)."

填空题Growing GM crops is initially ______ but cheaper in the long run.

填空题The tenant must be prepared _________________________依据合同条款来装修房屋)．

填空题Technology, Costs, Lack of Appeal Slow E-Textbook Adoption A. Textbooks are often a luxury for college senior Vatell Martin. The accounting major at Virginia State University got by in several courses with study groups and professors" lectures. "It"s not that I didn"t want to buy," he says. "Sometimes, I just didn"t have the money for a $200 book." VSU knows Martin isn"t the only one. More than half of its students routinely skip buying textbooks. For a solution, the school is turning to e-textbooks. B. VSU partnered with Flat World Knowledge, a start-up publisher that produces exclusively written e-books with "open" content that can be modified by professors. In a trial with 14 business courses, students would be required to pay $20 and receive a Flat World e-book and digital learning supplements. The university and a local grant have been covering the cost, so far. "That"s nothing. It"s what I put in my gas tank," says Martin, who participated in the trial. "If I was walking into a discussion on a topic, I can just download and take out the book and read it on my phone." C. With their promise of ubiquity (无处不在), convenience and perhaps affordability, e-textbooks have arrived in fits and starts throughout college campuses. And publishers and book resellers are spending millions attracting students to their online stores and e-reader platforms as mobile technology improves the readability of the material on devices such as tablet computers. Silicon Valley start-ups, such as Inkling and Kno, are also aggressively reinventing textbooks with interactive graphics, videos and social-media features. D. Despite emerging attempts at innovation, the industry has been slowed by clumsy technology, the lasting appeal of print books, skeptical students who search online for cheaper alternatives, and customer confusion stemming from too many me-too e-textbook platforms that have failed to stand out. E. The late Steve Jobs, founder of Apple, believed textbooks to be an $8 billion market ripe for "digital destruction," biographer Walter Issacson writes in Steve Jobs. Apple is expected to make an announcement Thursday about its new education products. The market is small but growing. Sales for e-textbooks in the US higher education market grew 44.3% to $267.3 million in 2011, according to Simba Information, a publishing industry research firm. Print still rules F. So far, students have been less than impressed and more likely to choose print books. About 11% of college students have bought e-textbooks, according to market research firm Student Monitor. Availability isn"t the chief problem. Most popular textbooks have a digital version, and they"re available online. But students have largely stayed away because the most readily available technology today—PDF (portable document format) or other document reader versions of the print book—is clumsy and eye- straining to read. G. When Andrea Soto, a freshman biology major at the University of Maryland, bought Principles of Biology, the $192 price tag came with a free online version. She prefers the touchable presence of a thick book on her lap. "You can"t highlight or underline things in the e-book. I find it more of a trouble," she says. However, digital books aren"t necessarily cheaper, either. While priced lower than new print books, they"re often more expensive than buying or renting used books online, says Kathy Mickey, an analyst at Simba. A federally funded pilot study at Daytona State College in Florida found that some students who rented an e-textbook paid only a dollar less than students who bought a print edition. And e-textbook users couldn"t sell the book back after the class ended. H. Despite e-textbooks" shortcomings, most agree that the print market is ripe for a technological overhaul (彻底改革). Prices of new books are rising sharply. Authors complain about used book sales that don"t generate royalties. Professors and students are annoyed at new editions that seemingly add little in content VS the previous one. I. "This is an industry that"s failing everyone—-parents, authors, professors, and students," says Brad Wheeler, chief information officer at Indiana University, which is running a program that distributes cheaper e-textbooks but requires all students in the class to buy. Publishers are eager for a quicker transition to the format because e-textbooks cost less to publish and would generate income from every student who buys one. Digital books can"t be resold, at least, not legally. "We"d prefer that all of it to go digital," says Vineet Madan, senior vice President of new ventures at McGraw-Hill Education. "There isn"t a secondary market for e-books." Seeking market niche (商机) J. If current e-textbooks are mostly unappealing, what"s next? Like online music in its infancy, the textbook industry"s key players—publishers, resellers, bookstores, tech companies, even some universities—are all scrambling to offer their digital solutions, an effort that has only intensified with the arrival of tablet computers and app stores. "Everybody and their brothers are coming out with an e-book platform," says Iam Williams, director of strategic learning solutions at Wiley, a textbook publisher. K. They all agree on one thing: The quality of e-textbooks must improve dramatically. More value added, interactive features will keep students interested and spur sales, they say. Tablet computers are a key stimulus in this endeavor. At Kno, tablets have allowed the Santa Clara, Calif.-based company to embed interactive tools onto an existing e-textbook in a more intuitive way, for example, the ability to write directly on the book with a finger stroke or tap on a keyword for notes. "Tablet was a needed development," says Kno"s founder Osman Rashid. Despite threats to their print book sales, university bookstores are also coming around to embracing e-books. Follett, which runs 930 university bookstores in North America, launched Follett CafeScribe last year, a cloud-based digital textbook platform. Publishers not on sidelines L. Textbook publishers are partnering with universities for exclusive trials, buying stakes in start-ups and developing their own technologies. Last year, publisher Cengage launched MindTap, an e-book/digital learning website that is now being tried by about 50 professors, says Bill Rieders, Cengage"s executive vice President of global new media. Instead of tables of content, MindTap provides "a learning path" that students can access for text, multimedia, self-assessment tools, quizzes and note sharing. M. Pearson has introduced a competing product, OpenClass. The cloud-based website—meaning students can access information wherever there"s an online connection—features social networking, and works with Google Apps for Education. Reed College in Portland, Ore., is one of several universities that will test OpenClass this fall. N. The CourseLoad trial has been in place since 2009 on a limited basis, with students receiving free books. It has been expanded to 130 courses this spring semester. Students now pay a discounted price for access to CourseLoad books and learning kits, typically "60% to 70%" cheaper than new print books, Wheeler says. In exchange, students must pay a fee to enroll. Despite the lack of flexibility, school officials and students have embraced the low-cost approach, he says.

填空题The manager ______ (本可以被详细告知这件事), but he was badly ill these days.

填空题Vega was very careful in picking out the real-world maroon blouse, black cardigan and white tennis shoes for her avatar to wear.

填空题Frankly speaking, your article is very good ______ (除了一些小语法错误以外)．

填空题In William Roberts' experiment, monkeys learned to take one date because they foresaw they would be ______ in the future.

填空题Rivers are more effective than coast erosion in delivering rock debris to the sea.

填空题After the earthquake, the text messages came streaming in to 4636 - reports of trapped people, fires, polluted water sources, and requests for food, water and medical supplies. Hundreds of volunteers translated them from Creole and French into English, tagged them with a location and passed them on to aid agencies on the ground. Yet not one of the volunteers was anywhere near Haiti. The 4636 texting service is part of a new generation of web-based efforts to help disaster relief that has emerged from the revolution in texting, social networking and crowdsourcing. Its impact on the ground is tangible (确凿的). For example, a Haitian clinic texted 4636 that it was running low on fuel for its generator. Within 20 minutes the Red Cross said it would resupply. 4636 is run by a small organization called Ushahidi.com, originally set up in Kenya to gather reports of violence after the 2008 election. Within days of the earthquake on 12 January that flattened Haiti's capital Port-au-Prince and numerous surrounding towns, it had set up a Haitian operation and recruited hundreds of volunteers to help translate messages, many of them Haitians living in the U.S. The service is free, courtesy of Digicell, Haiti's largest mobile network operator, which had 70 per cent of its network running within 24 hours of the quake. Nicolas di Tada, who helped set up 4636 on the ground in the first days after the disaster, says that was the easy part. "The challenge was making responders on the ground aware of us." A stroke of luck made a big difference. One of the first texts was from a hospital which had 200 beds, and doctors, nurses and medical supplies on standby, but no patients, because hardly any relief agencies knew they were there. Forwarding that message on told a large number of organization about 4636. Now, radio stations help spread the word. As people generally don't send messages to say their request has been fulfilled, Ushahidi has no way of knowing how successful it has been. Still, "the system is unprecedented," says Christopher Csikszentmihalyi, director of the Center for Future Civic Media at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

填空题How Girls Can Win in Math and Science [A] Math is a cumulative subject, unlike say history, which can be learned in discrete units. College algebra (代数) is basically a course in the language of mathematics. Some might say that algebra is the mechanics of mathematics. The examples included at this level are simple, designed to reinforce that the student has learned the "how". The next layer of courses teaches how to use this language, or this set of tools, to describe and model the real world. Being able to do this should leave no doubt in the student's mind that they are mathematically competent. [B] For years, feminists have lamented (悲叹) the sorry state of girls in math and science, as they lag behind their male peers in test scores and shy away from careers in engineering and technology. Yet perhaps the most frustrating recent development on the topic is that some of the very programs designed to help girls get ahead may be holding them back—or are simply misguided. Take single-sex math and science classes. While they seem like a logical way to give girls a jump-start in these subjects, new research suggests this initiative—championed over the past two decades as a possible solution—may backfire. [C] In a study published last year, psychologist Howard Glasser at Bryn Mawr College examined teacher-student interaction in sex-segregated science classes. As it turned out, teachers behaved differently toward boys and girls in a way that gave boys an advantage in scientific thinking. While boys were encouraged to engage in back-and-forth questioning with the teacher and fellow students, girls had many fewer such experiences. Glasser suggests they didn't learn to argue in the same way as boys, and argument is the key to scientific thinking. Glasser points out that sex-segregated classrooms can construct differences between the sexes by giving them unequal experiences. Unfortunately, such differences can impact kids' choices about future courses and careers. It's worth noting that the girls and boys in these science classes had similar grades, which masked the uneven dynamic. It was only when researchers reviewed videotapes of the lessons that they got a deeper analysis of what was actually going on, and what the kids were really learning. [D] Glasser's research got a boost last September when the journal Science published a scathing (尖刻的) report on the larger issue of single-sex education, titled "The Pseudoscience of Single-Sex Schooling". In the article, eight leading psychologists and neuroscientists debunked (揭真相) research supporting single-sex education, and argued that sex segregation "increases gender stereotyping and legitimizes institutional sexism". [E] Another misguided—or, mistimed—effort to improve girls' performance is the "you can do it" .messaging directed toward girls in middle school, the period when their scores start lagging. New research shows that even when preteen girls say they believe this message, "stereotype threat"—when negative cultural stereotypes affect a group's behavior—has a dampening effect on their actual performance. [F] In a 2009 study, psychologist Pascal Huguet of France's Aix-Marseille University found that middle-school girls scored highest on tests measuring visual-spatial abilities—which are key to success in engineering, chemistry, medicine, and architecture, fields that promise high-paying, prestigious jobs down the road—when they were led to believe that there were no gender differences on the tasks. Not surprisingly, when they were told that boys do better on these tasks, they did poorly. But curiously, when they were given no information, allowing cultural stereotypes to operate, they also did poorly. The stereotypes were already firmly established. The authors discovered: By middle school it's too little, too late. [G] To disarm stereotypes, we must actively arm girls against them—starting at a very young age. By first or second grade, both girls and boys have the notion that math is a "boy thing". But a 2011 study by psychologist Anthony Greenwald of the University of Washington found that there's a window of opportunity during these early years in which, while girls do see math largely as a male preserve, they haven't yet made the connection that "because I am a girl, math is not for me". During this short period, girls are relatively open to the idea that they can enjoy and do well at math. [H] One strategy? Researchers suggest we take gender out of the equation in teaching about occupations. Rather than saying "girls can be scientists", we should talk about what scientists do. For example, kids may be especially interested to know that scientists study how the world around them really works. Psychologists Rebecca Bigler of the University of Texas at Austin and Lynn Liben at Penn State say that when girls are encouraged to think this way, they're much more likely to retain what they're taught than they would be if they were just given the generic "girls can do science" message. [I] Finally, while women teachers can lead the way for girls in math and science, acting as role models, parents should be on the lookout for teachers' math anxiety. A 2010 study of first- and second-graders led by psychologist Sian L. Beilock at the University of Chicago found that girls may learn to fear math from their earliest instructors—and that female elementary-school teachers who lack confidence in their own math skills could be passing their anxiety along to their students. The more anxious teachers were about their own skills, the more likely their female students were to agree that "boys are good at math and girls are good at reading". And according to Beilock, elementary-education majors at the college level have the highest math anxiety level of any major, and may be unwittingly passing along a virus of underachievement to girls. [J] Parents can "'vaccinate" girls against their teachers' math anxiety, according to new research. But there may be a silver lining to this story for parents. Even if your daughter has a teacher with high math anxiety, it's not inevitable that she's going to experience problems with math—it turns out that parents (or others) can "vaccinate" girls against their teachers' qualms (不安). Beilock found that teachers' anxiety alone didn't do the damage. If girls already had a belief that "girls aren't good at math", their achievement suffered. But the girls who didn't buy into that stereotype, who thought, of course I can be good at math, didn't tumble into an achievement gulf. [K] Now that we have reason to believe that gender stereotyping starts much earlier than previously thought, we also need to accept that countering it requires more sophisticated approaches than those we now use. If girls continue to lag behind in math areas, our future economy and competitiveness could suffer. It's critical that we start our efforts in the primary grades and look beyond the obvious to succeed. If we look "under the hood" at what's really going on with girls, instead of just skimming the surface, we can provide more than mere cosmetic solutions.

填空题The Rise of the Sheeconomy A. Different experiences (1) In the hierarchy of activities that people despise, getting a car repaired is in pole position, sort of the auto equivalent of having a tooth pulled, except you bleed money and don"t get a smiley sticker as you leave. Garry Rosenfeldt, marketing research director for Midas International, knew this. After their cars were fixed, only 1 in 4 Midas customers returned to buy other services. Even dentists see their customers more often than that. B. Different experiences (2) To ascertain what might make it more pleasant—or at least less odious—for customers, Rosenfeldt set up an experiment in late 2008 in which customers were recorded before and after they brought their cars in for repairs. He found that while auto shops inspired fear and loathing in men and women alike, the two sexes had different ideas about how to improve the experience. C. Different experiences (3) Since Midas is in the testosterone—a world of engine blocks and overhead cam shafts, it needed to aim for what the men wanted, right? Nuh-uh: "From a financial point of view, I"d rather have a woman in the shop than a mail," says Rosenfeldt. They"re better customers, he believes, more loyal and evangelistic. "They talk about looking for "their guy"." he says. And once they find him and trust him, he adds, "they spend more." D. Different experiences (4) Over at Best Buy, Julie Gilbert, a senior vice president whose job was to figure out high-end male consumers, had already come to the same conclusion. She liked to do her research in living rooms, so she got herself invited to a couple of rich guys" homes to figure out why they"d buy widgets and peripherals at Best Buy but not pricey home theaters. E. Different experiences (5) Almost from the first home she visited, she realized she was talking to the wrong person. "The women took over the conversation," Gilbert says, "They had incredible passion and intensity about the store experience, and for every issue they also had a solution." What these two and" many other businesses discovered is the Sheconomy. F. Sheeconomy (1) Everyone knows, or has long suspected, that the purse strings are held by women. It"s often repeated that they make 85% of the buying decisions or are the chief purchasing officers of their households. G. Sheeconomy (2) The difference today—one that has enormous consequences across global econo mics—is that women are also the earners. In October 2009, the U. S. workforce became nearly half female: women held 49.9% of all nonfarm labor jobs and 51.5% of high paying management and professional positions, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). This is not likely to be a blip. For every two guys who graduate from college or get a higher degree, three women do. This is almost the exact opposite of the graduation ratio that existed when the baby boomers entered college. H. Sheeconomy (3) And as the U.S. continues its migration from a manufacturing economy to a know ledge—based one, women are poised to snag more jobs. They make up the majority of the workforce in 9 of the 10 occupations and BLS predicts that they will add the most jobs in the next eight years. While it"s true that most women still earn less than men, are far less likely to be in the highest-salaried executive positions and suffer a prohibitive motherhood penalty, about a third of women outearn: their husbands. I. Sheeconomy (4) And according to James Chung of research firm Reach Advisors, who spent more than a year analyzing data from the Census Bureau"s 2008 American Community Survey, among one specific segment—childless city dwelling single people in their 20s—the average pay gap favors females: in metropolitan areas, their median full-time income is 108% that of their male counterparts. In some places, says Chung, "they"ve not just caught up—they"re clocking the guys." In Atlanta, women are at 121% of men"s pay; in New York City, 117%. These gains, mostly the product of education, may dissipate as these women have kids. Nevertheless, better pay for more women changes many things—including, most fundamentally, how much money they have. Evidence of this shift is visible all around the world. J. Sheeconomy (5) A recent Booz & Co. report called women "the Third Billion", meaning that, globally, they are the next emerging economy. Much of this is a result of women"s growing economic power in developing countries, but even in the U. S. , women hold sway over 51.3% of the nation"s private wealth. K. Sheeeonomy (6) As Maddy Dychtwald observes in Influence, one of many books on the subject of female economic empowerment to come out in the past 12 months. "We"re on the brink of a massive power shift, a grinding of the gears of history into a new human condition," she writes. "It"s a world where women can, if they choose, seize the reins of economic control." L. Changes at home (1) As these things often do, the changes start at home. A recent Pew study of 30-to-44-year-olds showed that when a husband is the primary or sole breadwinner, household spending decisions are divided roughly equally. He makes about a third of them, she makes a third, and they make a third jointly. M. Changes at home (2) But in the 22% of households studied in which the wife earned more, she made more than twice as many decisions as her husband about where the money would go. The more money women earn, the exponentially more money they manage. N. Changes at home (3) And women are increasingly making the calls where men have traditionally held sway. In 2007, women were $90 billion worth of the $200 billion consumer-electronics business. They"re $105 billion of the $256 billion home-improvement market. They"re 44% of NFL fans. Given this power shift, few indeed are the industries that aren"t trying to lure the female dollar, even formerly deeply stubbled fields like computers, cars and financial services. O. Changes at home (4) Harley Davidson has a Women Riders section on its website. This year. Cuban cigar manufacturer Habanos launched the Julieta, a smaller, milder cigar aimed specifically at women. Kodak, in a stroke of nomenclature genius, has a chief listening officer on staff.