填空题Since 1979 ,the country ________________ (一直致力于减轻农民的负担).

填空题I came to the conclusion that it __________________________ (接受他的提议将是不明智的).

填空题Around the World in Eight Megabytes When Microsoft put the original Flight Simulator program onto the market, in the early 1980s, I tried it for a while and then gave up. I had thought it would be fun to "take off" from Meigs Field, the airport on the Chicago lakefront where the simulator was programmed to start, and fly between the skyscrapers of the city toward whatever destination I chose. But the on- screen scenery turned out to be sketchy and uninteresting. Worse, I had no idea how to "land" the plane, at Meigs or anywhere else, and the program was not much help in teaching me. After ten or twenty flights that ended mainly with nosedives into the lake or countryside, I decided I could have more fun in other ways. A dozen years later I became interested in learning to fly (and land) real airplanes, and I thought I should look at simulators again. There were now a range of programs, which were much more effective in teaching flying skills--or at least certain skills. They had also become a form of entertainment and virtual adventure captivating enough to attract vast numbers of users worldwide. According to Guinness World Records 2001, Microsoft's Flight Simulator had sold a total of 21 million copies by June of 1999. Simulators' success is certainly deserved. Not many people fly real airplanes; fewer than 650,000 Americans are licensed pilots. But a larger group probably would like to fly. And even people who have almost no interest in flying (surely everybody finds it a little bit exciting to pretend to zoom through the air) or who view computer games as inherently creepy would find it hard to ignore the best modem versions. On a big, high-resolution computer screen you can find yourself facing all amazingly exact rendition of a Learjet cockpit, flying low over the Grand Canyon at dawn, with flashes of lightning visible in the distance, as you listen to air-traffic controllers direct you to the Flagstaff airport. You can take off in a pontoon plane from a lagoon in Bali, fly over paddies on the terraced hillsides, and then head toward java's volcanic craters. You can approach Ayers Rock, in the center of Australia, and watch shadows move across it as the sun goes down. You can indulge in much of the visual romance of flying, without the time, expense, and training required to pilot a real plane. These riveting effects are the result of an intriguing de facto division of labor. The programs themselves are ail commercial products, from Microsoft and a number of small firms. But a wide variety of add-ons and improvements come from tens of thousands of hobbyists around the world, who spend countless hours polishing or improving some aspect of a program--and then post their work on the Internet for others to share. The flight-sim culture is a delightful reminder of a long-forgotten era, somewhere back in the 1990s, when people were excited about creating software for the new things it would let them do, not simply as a means of gaining market share. The flight-sim market resembles the rest of the software business mainly in that the most popular offering is from Microsoft. The current version of Microsoft's program is Flight Simulator 2000, or FS2000, which computer discounters offer for about $50. (A "professional" version costs about $70. It includes more simulated airplanes and a larger number of places whose scenery is presented in extra-realistic detail.) With FS2000 and most other programs you can "fly" from practically any point on earth to any other; the differences among the programs lie mostly in the degree of scenic detail, plus certain aspects of the airplanes' look and performance. With all these programs you can also specify the weather conditions through which you'll pass on any particular trip: clouds, wind, turbulence, rain. The fanciest programs let you download the real-time weather for your route, from aviation sites on the Internet. Then you can see what it would be like to pilot a plane from Buffalo to Detroit through the blustery night weather occurring just now. As with other Microsoft products, FS2000's strengths are related to its role as the industry standard. More hobbyists develop new airplanes or bits of scenery for this program than for the others. Its main shortcoming is its slow "frame rate" , which can result in a jerky on-screen image if the program is run on what is now considered a slow computer or one without an up-to-date video-display card. Although in many software categories Microsoft's product has become dominant, in flight sims there are still lively alternatives. The main ones are Flight Unlimited (FU3), by Electronic Arts; Fly! 2K, by Gathering of Developers; Pro Pilot 99, abandoned by its previous owner, Sierra Software, but being revived by ETC Interactive; and X-Plane, developed and sold by one Austin Meyer, of Columbia, South Carolina. Each of these programs has not only dedicated users, but also a reserve army of hobbyists creating enhancements and add-ons. Devotees discuss the programs on the main flight-sim Web sites, which included avsim, com and flightsim, com, and the Internet newsgroup. The good parts of all the programs keep getiing better, because of those hobbyists and their burgeoning offerings on the major Web sites. Thousands of scenery supplements are available free for FS2000, and hundreds for the other programs. The big step toward dramatically more- realistic-looking scenery came when FS2000 was released, in the fall of 1999. Previous versions of the program had presented the world basically as a flat surface, onto which polygons representing mountains were plunked down. FS2000 introduced a far more accurate "terrain mesh" system. Real-word data from satellites and geodetic surveys are mapped onto a topographic model of the earth's surface, with each square kilometer rendered at its actual average elevation. The "software developer kit" that Microsoft offers free with FS2000 allows hobbyists to apply the same approach and create much-finer detail using smaller geographic increments. Other add-ons, most of which are free, let you fly different kinds of planes--the Spirit of St. Louis, Air Force One, the space shuttle. Hobbyists, largely in Europe, have created virtual airlines, with whole fleets of imaginary Airbuses and DC-10s that fly on schedule from London to Berlin and from Amsterdam to New York's JFK. I have visited a Web site run by a virtual air traffic controller. Flight-sim users around the world send him their flight plans--say, Los Angeles to San Francisco, departing at noon. He tells them when they're cleared for takeoff and follows their route by way of Internet messages. A large number of add-on planes are exquisitely detailed representations of Boeing747s or 777s, with all the dials and controls in working order. With a good computer monitor, the right scenery add-ons, and the joystick and pedals, you can feel like an airline captain instead of one of the passengers habitually grousing in the back of the plane. The exhilarating part of flight sims is taking off in a certain direction and seeing what wonders unfold beneath you. This, to me, is the engrossing part of real flying, too. You head east out of Seattle, and soon enough there's Idaho, and the open range of Montana, and the beginning of the Midwest. Everyone understands the concept of how the states fit together, but seeing them in one continuous band, from an altitude low enough to make out individual farmhouses clustered in the prairie, yet high enough to see the way rivers and ridgelines snake around communities, is very different from looking at a map. And to take off from Charles de Gaulle, circle the monuments of Paris, and then head north until the cliffs of Dover come into view is something I don't expect ever to do in a real airplane. The cliffs looked beautiful, just a moment ago, on my computer screen.

填空题{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} {{I}}In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words an Answer Sheet 2.{{/I}} The value of childhood is easily blurred in today's world. Consider some recent developments: the child-murderers in the Jonesboro. schoolyard shooting Case were convicted and sentenced. Two boys, 7 and 8, were charged in the murder of an Il-year-old girl in Chicago. Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will. Yet, as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed, the one boy who was able to address the court couldn't begin to explain his acts, though he tried to apologize. There may have been a motive--youthful jealousy and resentment. But a deeper question remains: why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner, moral restraint? That question echoes for the accused in Chicago, young as they are. They wanted the girl's bicycle, a selfish impulse common enough among kids. Redemption is a practical necessity. How can value be restored to young lives distorted by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time. Despite horror at what was done, children are not--cannot be--dealt with as adults, not if a person wants to consider himself civilized. That's why politicians' cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point. But the moral void that invites violence has many sources. Family instability contributes. So does economic stress. That void, however, can be filled. The work starts with parents, who have to ask themselves whether they're doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong. Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought? Schools, too, have a role in building character. So do youth organizations. So do law enforcement agencies, which can do more to inform the young about laws, their meaning, and their observance. The goal, ultimately, is to allow ail children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood, so that tragic gaps in moral judgment are less likely to occur. The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don't go that far, but who lack the moral foundations childhood should provide--and which progressive human society relies on.

填空题Many parents are pushing their children prematurely into adulthood and at ever-earlier ages they have to work hard to excel not only in academic study, but in sports and social life as well.

填空题On a brisk autunm afternoon, in the shadow of the marble arch in Washington Square Park, a couple visiting from Ohio walled along holding hands like two teenagers going steady, (26) after "going steady" went out of (27) When a stranger asked why they had chosen to join hands during their stroll, the man, Dave Findlay, looked at his wife of seven years and answered in a word: "Connection." Or as the Beatles sang back in 1963: "When I'll feel that something, I want to hold your hand." Those simple lyrics turned an expression of teenage (28) and first romantic steps into a No.1 (29) Nowadays hand-holding has attracted the interest of scientists who are studying its effects on the body and mind. To hold someone's hand is to offer them (30) , protection or comfort. It is a way to communicate that you are off the market. Practically speaking, it is an efficient way to (31) through a crowd without losing your partner. People do it during vigils, marches, weddings and (32) . But, over all, few things are more (33) than a child grabbing the hand of a parent, for protection, direction and, as Mr. Findlay put it, connection. (34) , chances are you have spotted a mother and her teenage daughter and perhaps even a father and his adolescent son ambling through a mall, scurrying through a crosswalk or strolling along, hand in hand. (35) . As for romantic couples, the opinions about hand-holding are as varied as fingerprints. But most people agree that it has merely changed, not lost favor. " (36) ," said Sandra L. Caron, a professor of family relations at the University of Maine in Orono.

填空题The local health organization is reported ______ (三十年前成立的) when Mr. Smith became its first mayor.

填空题 It's a fact of life in the 21st-century workplace: The boss may well be watching his employees, especially if they use a computer. Bosses are using two types of spying software: network-based programs that monitor all traffic passing through a system, and programs that sit directly on an employee's desktop. Vericept Protect is an example of the first type. The software searches all correspondence for any indication that employees are accidentally or maliciously communicating sensitive data, and blocks it. Vericept also claims it can examine the tone of an e-mail to detect job dissatisfaction. Someone who sends a message saying "I hate my job." or "You're not going to believe what my idiot boss did today." could be poised to upload company files in anticipation of leaving the job. Vericept makes products to monitor other Web activities as well. Paul Pilotte, a senior product manager at the company, says it helped one client fend off a harassment suit filed by a senior employee who claimed someone had left printouts from an adult website in her office. The company planned to give her a large severance package (解雇费) until it used a Vericept tool to examine her Web use. That search found that the employee had printed the pages herself. On another occasion, Vericept helped catch a worker who had installed a keylogger on a manager's computer to extract the boss's passwords. One product that monitors an individual desktop is NetVizor. It can record everything a person types, from bank passwords to the names of illnesses searched on WebMD. It also logs and monitors e-mails sent and received, instant message chats, and the names of documents opened or printed. It can even capture a snapshot of a computer screen, providing an employer with a replica of what the employee is seeing on his or her monitor. Kelly Todd, information-services security analyst for Securities America Financial Corporation, an independent broker dealer with several hundred employees, won't say what kind of software his company uses. But he does say as soon as "somebody types an e-mail and hits Send, before it even gets to the central e-mail server, it goes through a system that archives the e-mail".

填空题Washington, D. C. is ______ of the U. S.

填空题Opinion says policy makers____________(有责任向公众告知他们得来的教训).

填空题____________(虽然这是假珠宝), but it looked real enough.

填空题______ (患间歇性头痛) often irritates his nerves.

填空题 The place of the child in society has varied for thousands of years and has been affected by different cultures and religions. In ancient times unwanted children were occasionally {{U}}(36) {{/U}} , put to death, exploited, or offered for religious sacrifices, and in any event a large percentage of them didn't {{U}}(37) {{/U}} their physically hazardous existence to achieve maturity. In Western civilization within the last few hundred years, there have been many changes in attitude toward the young. In agricultural Europe the children of the poor worked long hours for little or no pay, and there was no public concern for their safety or welfare. Punishment could be brutal and severe, and sometimes religious {{U}}(38) {{/U}} were expressed violently with a view toward saving the child's soul. By the eighteenth century the harsh and {{U}}(39) {{/U}} methods began to show some changes. Society slowly {{U}}(40) {{/U}} children a role of more importance. Books were written expressly for them and {{U}}(41) {{/U}} laws were passed for their protection. In the past few {{U}}(42) {{/U}} parents have become more attentive to the needs of their children. Better health care is available and education is no longer {{U}}(43) {{/U}} for a limited few. {{U}}(44) {{/U}} . Some' say the pendulum in child rearing has swung so far toward permissiveness that {{U}}(45) {{/U}} The tendency today is for teachers and parents to emphasize individual responsibility and to stress that {{U}}(46) {{/U}}.

填空题When you make a decision,_______(你需要把一切可能的因素考虑在内).

填空题As the children become financially independent of the family,the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to save for the retirement years. A. financially B. of C. on D. to save

填空题Whether a person offers help in emergency is often conditioned by ______.

填空题The dime novel, if sought by the collector and referred to in a general way by the social historian, is dismissed with a smile of amusement by almost everyone else . A. if B. referred C. is dismissed D. everyone else