填空题______ (如果我们提前中止合约), we'll compensate for their loss.

填空题What would be one possible explanation for men's quicker response to anger?

填空题What's the main driving force behind soaring price?

填空题What causes the deforestation and threatens the existence of Amazon forest?

填空题The word "it" in the saying "use it or lose it" (Paragraph 1) refers to ______.

填空题Houses are normally fairly stationary objects, and that's not considered as a bad thing. But (36) never stands still, and a new kind of house that can walk on six legs has been built. The house is ten feet high, (37) by solar panels, and consists of a kitchen, toilet, bed, and wood stove. Last week, the house, a (38) between MIT and N55, appeared as an art project at the Wysing Art Center. (39) to move at the muscle speed of a human, the house walked at about five kilometers an hour. N55 says the walking house is meant to be an (40) concept that is not harmful to the environment and (41) excursions. Samuel Kronick, an MIT student, designed the legs and wrote the (42) so that the house can move. The six legs provide high stability even over (43) terrain. And, with high motor function, the house can turn left and right, move forward and back, and even change height as needed. Kronick says (44) . Kronick says he wants test the walking house in Africa, and has ideas about a vehicle that can float on water as well as walk on land. " (45) , remotely from an iPhone or over the Internet through a Google Maps interface or similar, and have the house follow that path," he says N55 furthermore suggest that. (46) .

填空题Under the present system, ______ (国有企业必须将全部利润上缴国家).

填空题The governments' polices to attract new residents and slow depopulation process might become futile once ____________.

填空题Some students are not adequately prepared for college. Should we turn them away? (46) them? Or modify our product? Americans must be (47) of their ability and responsibility to continue to learn throughout their working lives and, although I hesitate to repeat a point so (48) made by others, they must also be taught a body of basic skills. Our industry does our nation no service by (49) unprepared students or by turning out (50) graduates. These people must be taught. If they are not yet ready to learn the lessons we have pre pared, should we not (51) and expand those lessons? Here is yet another argument for offering the new first degree. It would provide a legitimate program for students who are not yet prepared to go for the (52) degree. As our industry grows in responsibility, (53) , and productivity, should we not change our production schedule? (54) , yet we are no longer a nation of farmers; we no longer have any reason to end the academic year in May or June. (55) , then we are going to have to operate six days a week, year round. We should go to full-time operation (56) . For many universities where teaching goes on five days a week for thirty weeks, capacity is con strained by the physical plant.

填空题It is important ______(每个学生都要理解校规)．

填空题America is a country that now sits atop the cherished myth that work provides rewards, that working people can support their families. It's a myth that has become so divorced from reality that it might as well begin with the words "Once upon a time". Today 1.6 million New Yorkers suffer from "food insecurity", which is a fancy way of saying they don't have enough to eat. Some are the people who come in at night and clean the skyscrapers that glitter along the river. Some pour coffee and take care of the aged parents of the people who live in those buildings. The American Dream for the well-to-do grows from the bowed backs of the working poor, who too often have to choose between groceries and rent. In a new book called "The Betrayal of Work", Beth Shulman says that even in the booming 1990s one out of every four American workers made less than $8. 70 an hour, an income equal to the government's poverty level for a family of four. Many, if not most, of these workers had no health care, sick pay or retirement provisions. We ease our consciences, Shulman writes, by describing these people as "low skilled", as though they're not important or intelligent enough to deserve more. But Iow-skilled workers today are better educated than ever before, and they constitute the linchpin (SYNC) of American industry. When politicians crow (得意洋洋地说) that happy days are here again because jobs are on the rise, it's these jobs they're really talking about. Five of the 10 occupations expected to grow big in the next decade are in the lowest-paying job groups. And before we sit back and decide that's just the way it; is, it's instructive to consider the rest of the world. While the bottom 10 percent of American workers earn just 37 percent of our average wage, their counterparts in other industrialized countries earn upwards of 60 percent. And those are countries that provide health care and child care, which eases the economic pinch considerably. Almost 40 years ago, when Lyndon Johnson declared war on poverty, a family with a car and a house in the suburbs felt prosperous. Today that same family may well feel poor, overwhelmed by credit card debt, a second mortgage and the cost of the stuff that has become the backbone of American life. When the middle Class feels poor, the poor have little chance for change, or even recognition.

填空题Making Robots More Like Us A．On a recent morning Natanel Dukan walked into the Paris offices of the French robot maker Aldebaran and noticed one of the company's humanoid (类人的) NAO robots sitting on a chair. Mr. Dukan, an electrical engineer, could not resist. Bending over, he kissed the robot on the cheek. In response the NAO tilted its head and touched his cheek. It is certainly a very French application for a robot, but the intimate gesture by the ＄16,000, two-foot robot, now being used in academic research labs and robotic soccer leagues, also reflects a significant shift. B．Until recently, most robots were carefully separated from humans. They have largely been used in factories to perform repetitive tasks that required speed, precision and force. That generation of robots is dangerous, and they have been caged and fenced for the protection of workers. C．But the industrial era of robotics is over. And robots are beginning to move around in the world. More and more, they are also beginning to imitate—and look like—humans. And they are beginning to perform tasks as humans do, too. Many of the new generation of robots are tele-operated from a distance, but are increasingly doing tasks independent of direct human control. Moreover, the new robots are designed not just to replace but to collaborate with humans. D．The idea that robots will be partners of humans, rather than stand-ins or servants, is now driving research at universities and industrial laboratories. This year, new United States industry standards for robotic manufacturing systems were published, underlining the emergence of the field. The standards specify performance requirements that will permit human workers to collaborate with robots directly, and they reverse manufacturing guidelines from 1999 that prohibited "continuous attended operations" requiring humans to be in close contact with robots that were deemed unsafe by the industry. E．Today's robot designers believe that their creations will become therapists, caregivers, guides and security guards, and will ultimately perform virtually any form of human labor. (Robots that can think on their own—that is, perform with high levels of artificial intelligence—have yet to arrive.) F．The key to this advance is the new robots' form. Their humanlike appearance does more than satisfy science-fiction fantasies. Roboticists say they are choosing the human form for both social and technical reasons. Robots that operate indoors, in particular, must be able to navigate a world full of handles, switches, levers and doors that have been designed for humans. Roboticists also point out that humans have an affinity (亲和力) for their own shape, easing transitions and making collaboration more natural. Creating robots in humanoid form also simplifies training and partnerships in the workplace, and increases their potential in new applications like caregiving. G．It is still unclear how well these new robots will be accepted by society, for they raise fundamental questions about what it means to be human. However, rapid improvements in computer vision, processing power and storage, low-cost sensors, as well as new algorithms (算法) that allow robots to plan and move in disordered environments, are malting these new uses possible and in the process changing the nature of robotics. H．And so on factory floors around the world, a new breed of robot is being manufactured by companies like Rethink Robotics of Boston, which makes a humanoid robot for simple factory automation tasks, and Universal Robots of Odense, Denmark, which makes a dual robot-arm system designed for doing more traditional factory applications, but without cages. I．In Dr. Kemp's Healthcare Robotics lab at Georgia Tech, a five-foot robot named Cody, which is able to sense forces on its arms and has a base that allows it to move gracefully, is being used as a dance partner for both experienced human dancers and patients in physical therapy. "This is a way that robots can be used for fun, interactive exercise in restoration," Dr. Kemp said. "We can also use it as a tool to understand whole body physical interaction between people and robots." J．At Carnegie Mellon University, Manuela M. Veloso, a professor of computer science, has developed a series of mobile robots she calls CoBots to perform tasks like delivering marl, guiding visitors to appointments and fetching coffee. She calls it "symbiotic autonomy," since the robots also rely on humans. For example, because they don't have arms, they can't operate elevators, so they have been programmed to wait and ask for human assistance. If they get lost, they stop, call up a map of the building on their computer screens, interrupt a passing human and say, "I am lost, can you tell me where I am? The robotics community calls the idea cheating," Dr. Veloso said, "but it's not. It's the secret to real autonomy." K．To function in the real world and to be safe, robots must have a radically different design from factory robots, which are based on "stiff" actuators (制动器) capable of moving with great speed to a precise position. The new robots have "obedient actuators," which respond to external forces by yielding in a natural fashion. The original research into this area of what is now known as "soft robotics" began in the mid-1990s at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, with work by Gill Pratt, who was exploring walking robots, and Matthew Williamson, then a graduate student and now director of technology development at Rethink Robotics. L．The research was not initially focused on solving the problem of human interaction, but the scientists soon realized the implications, recalled Dr. Pratt, who is now the project manager for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Robotics Challenge, an upcoming contest that is intended to advance robotics technology to be used in natural disasters and other emergencies. "It actually started with numerically controlled machine tools," he said—using computer-controlled robots to perform milling tasks. M．For those manufacturing uses, what mattered was the precise positioning of the robot limb. However, Dr. Pratt was focused on developing walking robots that could move in the natural world, and force was more significant than precision to meet that challenge: "There the position of the limb didn't matter so much, but what mattered was how hard was the robot pressing on the world, and how hard the world was pressing back on the robot," he said. N．The solution was to put something elastic, like a spring, between the motor and the joint. These are now described as series elastic actuators, and the technique of installing them is now widely used as a low-cost solution for robots that are both nonthreatening to humans and able to move more quickly and lightly in the natural world. O．Dr. Pratt recalled an incident when the researchers first realized that series elastic actuation was the key to freeing robots. While working on an early humanoid robot named COG, in a project led by Rodney Brooks, the founder of Rethink Robotics who was then director of the M.I.T. artificial intelligence lab, they were demonstrating how the robot could do tasks like writing with a pencil and paper. However, there was a bug in the software, causing the robot's arm to repeatedly bang the table. Dr. Brooks decided it was an opportunity to demonstrate the safety of the technology. He placed himself between the table and the arm, which began hitting him. P．Roboticists describe this original approach as "passive obedience." Today there are other approaches—"active obedience"—that use software and sensors to blend speed and precision of more rigid robots with operations that are safe around humans.

填空题Helicopter Moms vs. Free-Range Kids [A] Would you let your fourth-grader ride public transportation without an adult? Probably not. Still, when Lenore Skenazy, a columnist for the New York Sun, wrote about letting her son take the subway alone to get back to her Manhattan home from a department store on the Upper East Side, she didn"t expect to get hit with wave of criticism from readers. [B] "Long story short: My son got home, overjoyed with independence," Skenazy wrote on April 4 in the New York Sun. "Long story longer: Half the people I"ve told this episode to now want to turn me in for child abuse. As if keeping kids under lock and key and cell phone and careful watch is the right way to rear kids. It"s not. It"s debilitating (使虚弱)— for us and for them." [C] Online message boards were soon full of people both applauding and condemning Skenazy"s decision to let her son go it alone. She wound up defending herself on CNN (accompanied by her son) and on popular blogs like the Huffington Post, where her follow-up piece was ironically headlined "More From America"s Worst Morn." [D] The episode has ignited another one of those debates that divides parents into vocal opposing camps. Are Modern parents needlessly overprotective, or is the world a more complicated and dangerous place than it was when previous generations were allowed to wander about unsupervised? [E] From the "she"s an irresponsible mother" camp came: "Shame on you for being so careless about his safety," in comments on the Huffington Post. And there was this from a mother of four: "How would you have felt if he didn"t come home?" But Skenazy got a lot of support, too, with women and men writing in with stories about how they were allowed to take trips all by themselves at seven or eight. She also got heaps of praise for bucking the "helicopter parent" trend: "Good for this Mom," one commenter wrote on the Huffington Post. "This is a much-needed reality check." [F] Last week, encouraged by all the attention, Skenazy started her own blog—Free Range, kids—promoting the idea that modern children need some of the same independence that her generation had. In the good old days nine-year-old baby boomers rode their bikes to school, walked to the store, took buses—and even subways—all by themselves. Her blog, she says, is dedicated to sensible parenting. "At Free Range Kids, we believe in safe kids. We believe in car seats and safety belts. We do NOT believe that every time school-age children go outside, they need a security guard." [G] So why are some parents so nervous about letting their children out of their sight? Are cities and towns less safe and kids more vulnerable to crimes like child kidnap and sexual abuse than they were in previous generations? [H] Not exactly. New York City, for instance, is safer than it"s ever been; it"s ranked 36th in crime among all American cities. Nationwide, stringer kidnaps are extremely rare; there"s a one-in-a-million chance a child will be taken by a stranger, according to the Justice Department. And 90 percent of sexual abuse cases are committed by someone the child knows. Mortality rates from all causes, including disease and accidents, for American children are lower now than they were 25 years" ago. According to Child Trends, a nonprofit research group, between 1980 and 2003 death rates dropped by 44 percent for children aged 5 to 14 and 32 percent for teens aged 15 to 19. [I] Then there"s the whole question of whether modern parents are more watchful and nervous about safety than previous generations. Yes, some are. Part of the problem is that with wall-to-wall Internet and cable news, every missing child case gets so much airtime that it"s not surprising even normal parental anxiety can be amplified. And many middle-class parents have gotten used to managing their children"s time and shuttling them to various enriching activities, so the idea of letting them out on their own can seem like a risk. Back in 1972, when many of today"s parents were kids, 87 percent of children who lived within a mile of school walked or biked every day. But today, the Centers for Disease Control report that only 13 percent of children bike, walk or otherwise get themselves to school. [J] The extra supervision is both a city and a suburb phenomenon. Parents are worried about crime, and they are worried about kids getting caught in traffic in a city that"s not used to pedestrians. On the other hand, there are still plenty of kids whose parents give them a lot of independence, by choice or by necessity. The After School Alliance finds that more than 14 million kids aged 5 to 17 are responsible for taking care of themselves after school. Only 6.5 million kids participate in organized programs. "Many children who have working parents have to take the subway or bus to get to school. Many do this by themselves because they have no other way to get to the schools," says Dr. Richard Gallagher, director of the Parenting Institute at the New York University Child Study Center. [K] For those parents who wonder how and when they should start allowing their kids more freedom, there"s no clear-cut answer. Child experts discourage a one-size-fits-all approach to parenting. What"s right for Skenazy"s nine-year-old could be inappropriate for another one. It all depends on developmental issue, maturity, and the psychological and emotional makeup of that child. Several factors must be taken into account, says Gallagher. "The ability to follow parent guidelines, the child"s level of comfort in handling such situations, and a child"s general judgment should be weighed." [L] Gallagher agrees with Skenazy that many nine-year-olds are ready for independence like taking public transportation alone. "At certain times of the day, on certain routes, the subways are generally safe for these children, especially if they have grown up in the city and have been taught how to be safe, how to obtain help if they are concerned for their safety, and how to avoid unsafe situations by being watchful and on their toes." [M] But even with more traffic and fewer sidewalks, modern parents do have one advantage their parents didn"t: the cell phone. Being able to check in with a child anytime goes a long way toward relieving parental anxiety and may help parents loosen their control a little sooner. Skenazy got a lot of criticism because she didn"t give her kid her cell phone because she thought he"d lose it and wanted him to learn to go it alone without depending on mom—a major principle of free-range parenting. But most parents are more than happy to use cell phones to keep track of their kids. [N] And for those who like the idea of free-range kids but still struggle with their inner helicopter parent, there may be a middle way. A new generation of GPS cell phones with tracking software make it easier than ever to follow a child"s every movement via the Internet—without seeming to interfere or hover. Of course, when they go to college, they might start objecting to being monitored as they"re on parole (保释).

填空题China has outlined a new approach to foreign investment, with planners saying they will now focus less on attracting large amounts of cash and more on selecting investments that will bring skills and technology into the country. The change in tactics, 1 in an official document published by the National Development and Reform Commission, comes after more than a year of heated debate over the role foreign investors should play in China"s economy. China has long been one of the world"s top destinations for foreign investment, and international companies 2 more than $70 billion last year, drawn by the country"s low costs, 3 prowess (高超技艺) and huge domestic market. But the inroads (进展) have caused some unease among both ordinary people and officials, who also want to see domestic companies do well. The new foreign-investment plan, which isn"t a 4 blueprint but rather a statement of broad principles, does say that regulators will look more closely at foreign takeovers of local companies and other issues of "national economic security" that have received increasing attention recently. But the vision it advances represents neither an attempt to completely 5 China"s economy nor a new round of liberalization. The planning 6 said its major goal is to advance what it calls a " 7 shift from quantity to quality" of investment. For instance, new investments by foreign companies will face 8 environmental and land-use standards. On the other hand, multinationals can expect 9 to invest in research centers and training and purchasing operations. The plan said China will continue to open up service industries, though it offered no commitments beyond those already made to the World Trade Organization. The commission also 10 improve the business environment by reducing red tape and strengthening enforcement of intellectual-property rights.

填空题Only when the financial well runs dry,__________(他们才看到情况已经严重行无可挽救了)