填空题They were determined to carry out their plan no matter_________________________.(他们将面临什么样的障碍)

填空题A study shows that men who eat tomato products twice a week could probably avoid developing prostate cancer by one - third in comparison with those______.

填空题The same factors push wages and prices up together, ______(两者相互 增强).

填空题In many cases, the internally displaced are virtually those who are ______.

填空题A large proportion of people believe that cultural anthropology is just about studying the special and strange aspects of a society. However, anthropologists are also interested in the aspects of life that seem to be so ordinary that people in the society think they"re not 1 . Let me give you an example: I see a lot of T-shirts here in class today, but you probably don"t 2 an important part of your culture, but anthropologists could learn a lot about the culture of the United States just by studying the T-shirt. For one thing, T-shirts are a mark of how 3 clothing has become in America. No one"s quite sure where they came from, but the T-shirt first became popular in this country as an under shirt for 4 in the 1940s. Then in the 1950s, it became a sign of 5 for teenagers to wear this white under shirt by itself, not under anything. By the 1960s and 70s, T-shirts have become accepted as part of the 6 of use. You could even say that they came to 7 that generation"s attitude towards 8 and all things, including dress. Another aspect that anthropologists would find interesting is that T-shirts 9 express personal opinions. Looking around this room, you know who likes watching TV shows, who goes where 10 , and who belongs to what organizations on campus. All of these aspects of our culture are printed on your T-shirts.

填空题According to the passage, calorie intake is the most important reason leading people to becoming fat.

填空题How Facebook Makes Us Unhappy A. No one joins Facebook to be sad and lonely. But a new study from the University of Michigan psychologist Ethan Kross argues that that's exactly how it makes us feel. Over two weeks, Kross and his colleagues sent text messages to eighty-two Ann Arbor residents five times per day. The researchers wanted to know a few things: how their subjects felt overall, how worried and lonely they were, how much they had used Facebook, and how often they had had direct interaction with others since the previous text message. Kross found that the more people used Facebook in the time between the two texts, the less happy they felt—and the more their overall satisfaction declined from the beginning of the study until its end. The data, he argues, shows that Facebook was making them unhappy. B. Research into the alienating nature of the Internet—and Facebook in particular—supports Kross's conclusion. In 1998, Robert Kraut, a researcher at Carnegie Mellon University, found that the more people used the web, the lonelier and more depressed they felt. After people went online for the first time, their sense of happiness and social connectedness dropped, over one to two years, as a function of how often they used the Internet. C. Lonelier people weren't inherently more likely to go online, either; a recent review of some seventy-five studies concluded that "users of Facebook do not differ in most personality traits from nonusers of Facebook." But, somehow, the Internet seemed to make them feel more alienated. A 2010 analysis of forty studies also confirmed the trend: Internet use had a small, significant harmful effect on overall well-being. One experiment concluded that Facebook could even cause problems in relationships, by increasing feelings of jealousy. D. Another group of researchers has suggested that envy, too, increases with Facebook use: the more time people spent browsing the site, as opposed to actively creating content and engaging with it, the more envious they felt. The effect, suggested Hanna Krasnova and her colleagues, was a result of the well-known social-psychology phenomena of social comparison. E. The psychologist Beth Anderson and her colleagues argue, in a recent review of Facebook's effects, that using the network can quickly become addictive, which comes with a critical sense of negativity that can lead to resentment of the network for some of the same reasons we joined it to begin with. F. We want to learn about other people and have others learn about us—but through that very learning process we may start to resent both others' lives and the image of ourselves that we feel we need to continuously maintain. "It may be that the same thing people find attractive is what they ultimately find repelling," said the psychologist Samuel Gosling, whose research focuses on social-media use and the motivations behind social networking and sharing. G. But, as with most findings on Facebook, the opposite argument is equally prominent. In 2009, Sebastian and his colleagues came to the opposite conclusion of Kross: that using Facebook makes us happier. They also found that it increases social trust and engagement—and even encourages political participation. Sebastian's findings fit neatly with what social psychologists have long known about sociality: as Matthew argues in his book "Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect," social networks are a way to share, and the experience of successful sharing comes with a psychological and physiological rush that is often self-reinforcing. H. The prevalence of social media has, as a result, fundamentally changed the way we read and watch: we think about how we'll share something, and whom we'll share it with, as we consume it. The mere thought of successful sharing activates our reward-processing centers, even before we've actually shared a single thing. D. Virtual social connection can even provide a buffer (缓冲器) against stress and pain: in a 2009 study, Lieberman and his colleagues demonstrated that a painful stimulus hurt less when a woman either held her boyfriend's hand or looked at his picture; the pain-dulling effects of the picture were, in fact, twice as powerful as physical contact. Somehow, the dement of distance and forced imagination—a mental representation in place of the real thing, something that the psychologists Gardner call "social snacking"—had an anesthetic (麻醉的) effect that we might expect to carry through to an entire network of pictures of friends. J. The key to understanding why reputable studies are so clearly divided on the question of what Facebook does to our emotional state may be in simply looking at what people actually do when they're on Facebook. "What makes it complicated is that Facebook is for lots of different things—and different people use it for different subsets of those things. Not only that, but they are also changing things, because of people themselves changing," said Gosling. K. A 2010 study from Carnegie Mellon found that, when people engaged in direct interaction with others—that is, posting on walls, messaging, or "liking" something—their feelings of bonding and general social capital increased, while their sense of loneliness decreased. But when participants simply consumed a lot of content passively, Facebook had the opposite effect, lowering their feelings of connection and increasing their sense of loneliness. L. In an unrelated experiment from the University of Missouri, a group of psychologists found a physical display of these same effects. As study participants interacted with the site, four electrodes attached to the areas just above their eyebrows and just below their eyes recorded their facial expressions. When the subjects were actively engaged with Facebook, their physiological response measured a significant uptick in happiness. When they were passively browsing, however, the positive effect disappeared. M. This aligns with research conducted earlier this year by John Eastwood and his colleagues at York University in a meta-analysis of boredom. What causes us to feel bored and, as a result, unhappy? Attention. When our attention is actively engaged, we aren't bored; when we fail to engage, boredom sets in. As Eastwood's work, along with recent research on media multitasking, have illustrated, the greater the number of things we have pulling at our attention, the less we are able to meaningfully engage, and the more discontented we become. N. In other words, the world of constant connectivity and media, as embodied by Facebook, is the social network's worst enemy: in every study that distinguished the two types of Facebook experiences—active versus passive—people spent, on average, far more time passively moving through news feeds than they did actively engaging with content. This may be why general studies of overall Facebook use often show harmful effects on our emotional state. Demands on our attention lead us to use Facebook more passively than actively, and passive experiences, no matter the medium, translate to feelings of disconnection and boredom. O. In ongoing research, the psychologist Wilson has learned that college students start going "crazy" after just a few minutes in a room without their phones or a computer. "One would think we could spend the time mentally entertaining ourselves," he said. "But we can't. We've forgotten how." Whenever we have downtime, the Internet is an attractive, quick solution that immediately fills the gap. We get bored, look at Facebook or Twitter, and become more bored. Getting rid of Facebook wouldn't change the fact that our attention is forgetting the path to proper, fulfilling engagement. And in that sense, Facebook isn't the problem. It's the symptom.

填空题This Christmas the world economy offers few reasons for good cheer. As credit contracts and asset prices declined, demand across the globe is declining. Rich countries collectively face the severest recession since the Second World War: this week's cut in the target for the federal funds rate to between zero and 0.25% shows how fearful America's policymakers are. And conditions are deteriorating fast too in emerging economies, which have been exhausted by declining exports and the drying-up of foreign finance. This news is bad enough in itself; but it also poses the biggest threat to open markets in the modem era of globalization. For the first time in more than a generation, two of the engines of global integration -- trade and capital flows -- are shifting into reverse at the same time. The World Bank says that net private capital flows to emerging economies in 2009 are likely to be only half the record $ 1 trillion of 2007, while global trade volumes will shrink for the first time since 1982. This twin shift will force adjustments. Countries that have relied on exports to drive growth, from China to Germany, will slump unless they can boost domestic demand quickly. There is a risk that in their discomfort governments turn to an old, but false, friend: protectionism. Integration has less appeal when pain rather than prosperity is hanging across borders. It will be tempting to support domestic jobs and incomes by diverting demand from abroad with export subsidies, tariffs and cheaper currencies. The lessons of history, though, are clear. The economic isolationism of the 1930s cruelly intensified the Depression. To be sure, the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its multilateral trading rules are a bulwark(壁垒) against protection on that scale. But today's globalised economy, with far-stretched supply chains and just-in-time delivery, could be disrupted by policies much less dramatic than the Smoot-Hawley act. A modest shift away from openness -- well within the WTO's rules -- would be enough to turn the recession of 2009 much nastier. Increased protection of that sort is, alas, all too plausible.

填空题According to some researchers, ______ in the body can give rise to certain mental changes.

填空题The highest rate of world population growth occurred in 1970.

填空题In fact, the process of giving up drug addiction for a determined person is easier than what he thought.

填空题This drug should __________________(只遵医嘱服用).

填空题 Being assertive (过分自信) is being able to communicate with other peopleclearly. If you felt that you had expressed what was important to you and al-lowed the others to respond their own way, then, regardless of the final out- 62. ______come, you behaved assertively. It is important to remember that being asser-tive refers to a way of coping with confrontations. It does not mean gettingyour own way every time or winning some battles with another person. In 63. ______practice, assertive behavior is usually most likely to produce a result which isgenerally acceptable to all concerned, without anyone feel that they have been 64. ______unfairly treated. Assertiveness is often wrongly confusing with aggression. An aggressive 65. ______confrontation is when one or both parties attempt to put forward their feelingsand beliefs at the expense of others. In an assertive confrontation, however,each party stands up for their personal rights, and each shows respect and un- 66. ______derstanding for the other's viewpoint. The reason why assertiveness may not come naturally is what we often 67. ______tend to believe that we must talk around a subject rather than be direct, or thatwe must offer for excuses or justifications for our actions. 68. ______ In fact, we all have a right to use assertive behavior in a various of situa- 69. ______tions. We are often schooled early in life to believe that sometimes our ownneed to express ourselves must take second place. For example, in dealing with 70. ______those in privileged positions such as specialists, we often feel that speaking as-sertively is, in some way, "breaking the rules". 71. ______

填空题Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks ,you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Foreign visitors are often surprised to see how many American teenagers have jobs. The teenagers earn their own money for {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}, clothes, or a car by working in a fast-food restaurant, {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}in a shop, stocking shelves in a discount store, bagging {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}in a supermarket, mowing lawns, or other such activities. Some are expected to save at least part of their income for college {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}. From the parents' viewpoint, having a job allows their children to gain {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}training in acting independently, managing their time and money, and accepting responsibility for their own decisions. Reporting {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}to a workplace and carrying out routine duties under the supervision of a boss is considered "good training" for a sixteen-year-old. Americans use the expression "empty-nest syndrome" to refer to the {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}impact on the parents, particularly the mother, of the last child's {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}from home. {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}, the parents often confront a sort of vacuum in their lives. {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Many older Americans live independently for as long as they possibly can before moving to a nursing home or taking up residence with one of their children. {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Ideals about independence and self-sufficiency are so deeply imbued in most Americans that a situation of enforced dependency can be extremely uncomfortable for both the elderly parents and the children.