填空题How Exercise Could Lead to a Better Brain A. The value of mental-training games may be speculative, as Dan Hurley writes in his article on the quest to make ourselves smarter, but there is another, easy-to-achieve, scientifically proven way to make yourself smarter. Go for a walk or a swim. For more than a decade, neuroscientists and physiologists have been gathering evidence of the beneficial relationship between exercise and brainpower. But the newest Findings make it clear that this isn"t just a relationship; it is the relationship. Using sophisticated technologies to examine the workings of individual neurons (神经元)—and the makeup of brain matter itself—scientists in just the past few months have discovered that exercise appears to build a brain that resists physical shrinkage and enhance cognitive flexibility. Exercise, the latest neuroscience suggests, does more to improve thinking than thinking does. B. The most persuasive evidence comes from several new studies of lab animals living in busy, exciting cages. It has long been known that so-called "enriched" environments—homes filled with toys and engaging, novel tasks—lead to improvements in the brainpower of lab animals. In most instances, such environmental enrichment also includes a running wheel, because mice and rats generally enjoy running. Until recently, there was little research done to tease out the particular effects of running versus those of playing with new toys or engaging the mind in other ways that don"t increase the heart rate. C. So, last year a team of researchers led by Justin S. Rhodes, a psychology professor at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois, gathered four groups of mice and set them into four distinct living arrangements. One group lived in a world of sensual and taste plenty, dining on nuts, fruits and cheeses, their food occasionally dusted with cinnamon (肉桂), all of it washed down with variously flavored waters. Their "beds" were small colorful plastic dome-shaped houses occupying one corner of the cage. Neon-hued (霓虹色的) balls, plastic tunnels, chewable blocks, mirrors and seesaws (跷跷板) filled other parts of the cage. Group 2 had access to all of these pleasures, plus they had small disc-shaped running wheels in their cages. A third group"s cages held no decorations, and they received standard, dull food. And the fourth group"s homes contained the running wheels but no other toys or treats. D. All the animals completed a series of cognitive tests at the start of the study and were injected with a substance that allows scientists to track changes in their brain structures. Then they ran, played or, if their environment was unenriched, stayed lazily in their cages for several months. Afterward, Rhodes"s team put the mice through the same cognitive tests and examined brain tissues. It turned out that the toys and tastes, no matter how stimulating, had not improved the animals" brains. E. "Only one thing had mattered," Rhodes says, "and that"s whether they had a running wheel." Animals that exercised, whether or not they had any other enrichments in their cages, had healthier brains and performed significantly better on cognitive tests than the other mice. Animals that didn"t run, no matter how enriched their world was otherwise, did not improve their brainpower in the complex, lasting ways that Rhodes"s team was studying. "They loved the toys," Rhodes says, and the mice rarely ventured into the empty, quieter portions of their cages. But unless they also exercised, they did not become smarter. F. Why would exercise build brainpower in ways that thinking might not? The brain, like all muscles and organs, is a tissue, and its function declines with underuse and age. Beginning in our late 20s, most of us will lose about 1 percent annually of the volume of the hippocampus (海马体), a key portion of the brain related to memory and certain types of learning. G. Exercise though seems to slow or reverse the brain"s physical decay, much as it does with muscles. Although scientists thought until recently that humans were born with a certain number of brain cells and would never generate more, they now know better. In the 1990s, using a technique that marks newborn cells, researchers determined during examining the dead bodies that adult human brains contained quite a few new neurons. Fresh cells were especially prevalent in the hippocampus, indicating that neurogenesis (神经形成)—or the creation of new brain cells—was primarily occurring there. Even more encouraging, scientists found that exercise jump-starts neurogenesis. Mice and rats that ran for a few weeks generally had about twice as many new neurons in their hippocampi as motionless animals. Their brains, like other muscles, were bulking up. H. But it was the indescribable effect that exercise had on the functioning of the newly formed neurons that was most startling. Brain cells can improve intellect only if they join the existing neural network, and many do not, instead existing aimlessly in the brain for a while before dying. One way to pull neurons into the network, however, is to learn something. In a 2007 study, new brain cells in mice became looped into the animals" neural networks if the mice learned to navigate (导航) a water maze (迷宫), a task that is cognitively but not physically taxing. But these brain cells were very limited in what they could do. When the researchers studied brain activity afterward, they found that the newly wired cells fired only when the animals navigated the maze again, not when they practiced other cognitive tasks. The learning encoded in those cells did not transfer to other types of rodent (啮齿动物) thinking. I. Exercise, on the other hand, seems to make neurons move quickly and easily. When researchers in a separate study had mice run, the animals" brains readily wired many new neurons into the neural network. But those neurons didn"t fire later only during running. They also lighted up when the animals practiced cognitive skills, like exploring unfamiliar environments. In the mice, running, unlike learning, had created brain cells that could multitask. J. Just how exercise remakes minds on a molecular level is not yet fully under-stood, but research suggests that exercise prompts increases in something called brain-derived neurotropic factor (脑源性神经营养因子), or B. D. N. F., a substance that strengthens cells and axons (轴突), strengthens the connections among neurons and sparks neurogenesis. Scientists can"t directly study similar effects in human brains, but they have found that after physical exercise, most people display higher B. D. N. F. levels in their bloodstreams. K. Few if any researchers think that more B. D. N. F. explains all of the brain changes associated with exercise. The full process almost certainly involves multiple complex biochemical and genetic cascades (级联反应). A recent study of the brains of elderly mice, for instance, found 117 genes that were expressed differently in the brains of animals that began a program of running, compared with those that remained motionless, and the scientists were looking at only a small portion of the many genes that might be expressed differently in the brain by exercise. L. Whether any type of exercise will produce these desirable effects is another unanswered and intriguing issue. "It"s not clear if the activity has to be endurance exercise," says the psychologist and neuroscientist Arthur F. Kramer, director of the Beckman Institute at the University of Illinois and a celebrated expert on exercise and the brain. A limited number of studies in the past several years have found cognitive benefits among older people who lifted weights for a year and did not otherwise exercise. But most studies to date, and all animal experiments, have involved running or other aerobic (有氧的) activities. M. Whatever the activity, though, an emerging message from the most recent science is that exercise needn"t be exhausting to be effective for the brain. When a group of 120 older men and women were assigned to walking or stretching programs for a major 2011 study, the walkers wound up with larger hippocampi after a year. Meanwhile, the stretchers lost volume to normal shrinkage. The walkers also displayed higher levels of B. D. N. F. in their bloodstreams than the stretching group and performed better on cognitive tests. N. In effect, the researchers concluded, the walkers had regained two years or more of hippocampal youth. Sixty-five-year-olds had achieved the brains of 63-year-olds simply by walking, which is encouraging news for anyone worried that what we"re all facing as we move into our later years is a life of slow mental decline. (选自New Scientist)

填空题Investigators ______the notes provided by Mr. Kaye from doctors for his absence.

填空题Sports-related spectator violence is often more strongly associated with social group than with the specific nature of the sport itself.

填空题The main content of American culture is the emphasis on individuals' value, the pursuit of democracy and freedom, the promotion of exploration and competition and the need of realistic and practicality. Its (36) is individualism: self first, personal need first, pursuit of individual (37) and enjoyment, emphasis on achieving individual value by self-strive and self-design. It (38) people to develop their potential and wisdom and as a result (39) the development of the entire race and nation; on the other hand, it is (40) to keep good relationship among people if everyone is (41) thus make the entire society lack of unity. American citizens emphasize on achievements and (42) heroes. They have great sense in their hearts to (43) success and heroes. Personal achievements are one of those with the highest value in Americans' mind. Success is the pursuit of most Americans. (44) American society has great movements within itself. These movements are shown in two aspects: movements amongst locations and movements inside the society. (45) . Developed transport and the tradition of adventure and sporty make a lot of American migrate from countryside to cities, from downtown to uptown, from north to the southern sunny land, from one city to another. No matter where they are from, (46) . This is what they often called "American dream".

填空题 {{B}}Where Have All the People Gone?{{/B}} Germans are getting used to a new kind of immigrant. In 1998, a pack of wolves crossed the Neisse River on the Polish-German border. In the empty landscape of eastern Saxony, dotted with abandoned mines and declining villages, the wolves found plenty of deer and few humans. Five years later, a second pack split from the original, so there're now two families of wolves in the region. A hundred years ago, a growing land-hungry population killed off the last of Germany's wolves. Today, it's the local humans whose numbers are under threat. Villages are empty, thanks to the region's low birth rate and rural flight. Home to 22 of the world's 25 lowest fertility rate countries, Europe will lose 30 million people by 2030, even with continued immigration. The biggest population decline will hit rural Europe. As Italians, Spaniards, Germans and others produce barely three-fifths of children needed to maintain status quo, and as rural flight sucks people into Europe's suburbs and cities, the countryside will lose a quarter of its population. The implications of this demographic (人口的) change will be far-reaching.{{B}}Environmental Changes{{/B}} The postcard view of Europe is of a continent where every scrap of land has long been farmed, fenced off and settled. But the continent of the future may look rather different. Big parts of Europe will renaturalize. Bears are back in Austria. In Swiss Alpine valleys, farms have been receding and forests are growing back. In parts of France and Germany, wildcats and wolves have re-established their ranges. The shrub and forest that grows on abandoned land might be good for deer and wolves, but is vastly less species-rich than traditional farming, with its pastures, ponds and hedges. Once shrub covers everything, you lose the meadow habitat. All the flowers, herbs, birds, and butterflies disappear. A new forest doesn't get diverse until a couple of hundred years old. All this is not necessarily an environmentalist's dream it might seem. Take the Greek village of Prastos. An ancient hill town, Prastos once had 1,000 residents, most of them working the land. Now only a dozen left, most in their 60s and 70s. The school has been closed since 1988. Sunday church bells no longer ting. Without farmers to tend the fields, rain has washed away the once fertile soil. As in much of Greece, land that has been orchards and pasture for some 2,000 years is now covered with dry shrub that, in summer, frequently catches fire.{{B}}Varied Pictures of Rural Depopulation{{/B}} Rural depopulation is not new. Thousands of villages like Prastos dot Europe, the result of a century or more of emigration, industrialization, and agricultural mechanization. But this time it's different because never has the rural birth rate so low. In the past, a farmer could usually find at least one of his offspring to take over the land. Today, the chances are that he has only a single son or daughter, usually working in the city and rarely willing to return. In Italy, more than 40% of the country's 1.9 million farmers are at least 65 years old. Once they die out, many of their farms will join the 6 million hectares — one third of Italy's farmland — that has already been abandoned. Rising economic pressures, especially from reduced government subsidies, will amplify the trend. One third of Europe's farmland is marginal, from the cold northern plains to the dry Mediterranean (地中海) hills. Most of these farmers rely on EU subsides, since it's cheaper to import food from abroad. Without subsidies, some of the most scenic European landscapes wouldn't survive. In the Austrian or Swiss Alps, defined for centuries by orchards, cows, high mountain pastures, the steep valleys are labor-intensive to farm, with subsidies paying up to 90% of the cost. Across the border in France and Italy, subsidies have been reduced for mountain farming. Since then, across the southern Alps, villages have emptied and forests have grown back in. Outside the range of subsidies, in Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine, big tracts of land are returning to wild.{{B}}Big Challenges{{/B}} The truth is varied and interesting. While many rural regions of Europe are emptying out, others will experience something of a renaissance. Already, attractive areas within driving distance of prosperous cities are seeing robust revivals, driven by urban flight and an in-flooding of childless retirees. Contrast that with less-favored areas, from the Spanish interior to eastern Europe. These face dying villages, abandoned farms and changes in the land not seen for generations. Both types of regions will have to cope with steeply ageing population and its accompanying health and service needs. Rural Europe is the laboratory of demographic changes. For governments, the challenge has been to develop policies that slow the demographic decline or attract new residents. In some places such as Britain and France, large parts of countryside are reviving as increasingly wealthy urban middle class in search of second homes recolonises villages and farms. Villages in central Italy are counting on tourism to revive their town, turning farmhouses into hostels for tourists and hikers. But once baby boomers start dying out around 2020, populations will start to decline so sharply that there simply won't be enough people to reinvent itself. It's simply unclear how long current government policies can put off the inevitable. "We are now talking about civilized depopulation. We just have to make sure that old people we leave behind are taken care of." Says Mats Johansson of Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. The biggest challenge is finding creative ways to keep up services for the rising proportion of seniors. When the Austrian village of Klans, thinly spread over the Alpine foothills, decided it could no longer afford a regular public bus service, the community set up a public taxi-on-demand service for the aged. In thinly populated Lapland where doctors are few and far between, tech-savvy Finns the rising demand for specialized health care with a service that uses videoconferencing and the Internet for remote medical examination. Another pioneer is the village of Aguaviva, one of rapidly depopulating areas in Spain. In 2000, Mayor Manznanares began offering free air-fares and housing for foreign families to settle in Aguaviva. Now the mud-brown town of about 600 has 130 Argentine and Romanian immigrants, and the town's only school has 54 pupils. Immigration was one solution to the problem. But most foreign immigrants continue to prefer cities. And within Europe migration only exports the problem. Western European look towards eastern Europe as a source for migrants, yet those countries have ultra-low birth rates of their own. Now the increasingly worried European governments are developing policies to make people have more children, from better childcare to monthly stipends (津贴) linked to family size. But while these measures might raise the birth rate slightly, across the much of the ageing continent there are just too few potential parents around. (1,150 words)

填空题Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.It's an annual occurrence in the dry season: a smoky, hazardous haze blankets southern Malaysia and Singapore. This year it was so bad that in some affected areas there was a 100 percent rise in the number of asthma cases. Hundreds of schools were closed, and the government of Malaysia {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}gas masks. The source of the pollution lies across the Malacca Strait in Indonesia where {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}burning of forests to clear space for palm oil plantations continues unabated. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono offered a public {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}for what has happened and asked for the understanding of Singapore and Malaysia. The Indonesian president promised to prosecute anyone {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}in illegal slash-and-bum activities. Eight Southeast Asian companies are reportedly under {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}. But the ongoing deforestation seems to contradict past promises. In 2009, President Yudhoyono pledged to reduce by 26 percent greenhouse gas {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}, caused mostly by deforestation. And in 2011, he instituted a moratorium protecting designated forest areas. In exchange, {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}conscious Norway pledged $1 billion to support these efforts. Ariana Alisjahbana at the World Resources Institute says local officials are not supporting the national plan. "Actually it's a lack of coordination and lack of enforcement. So when we look over all the different rules Indonesia has on the books, {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}speaking they're very, very good ones. But they're just not {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}," said Alisjahbana. Although the economic incentive to replace forests with farms hampers conservation, Alisjahbana says long-term progress is being made. But she says a greater commitment to stop the slash-and-bum {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}through incentives and strict penalties for violations is needed. A. transport B. illegal C. apology D. cheat E. deforestation F. out G. enforced H. involved I. distributed J. environmentally K. theoretically L. emissions M. practical N. examination O. investigation

填空题__________ (除非工人们的要求得到满足) there will be a strike soon.

填空题He cannot tell the difference between true praise and flattering statements making only to gain his favor. A. true B. flattering C. making D. gain

填空题First-Generation College-Goers: Unprepared and Behind Kids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education come on campus With little academic know-how and are much more likely than their peers to drop out before graduation. A. When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first-generation student and Jamaican immigrant, he was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher education. Like many first-generation students, he enrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers were also attending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs. Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose to live at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking a full class schedule. B. What Nijay didn"t realize about his school—Tennessee State University—was its frighteningly low graduation rate a mere 29 percent for its first-generation students. At the end of his first year, Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $5000 after narrowly missing the 2.0 GPA cut-off, making it impossible for him to continue paying for school. C. Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans. first-generation college students who enter school unprepared or behind. To make matters worse, these schools are ill-equipped to graduate these students—young adults who face specific challenges and obstacles. They typically carry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attending school, and often require significant academic remediation (补习). D. Matt Rubinoff directs I"m First, a nonprofit organization launched last October to reach out to this specific population of students. He hopes to distribute this information and help prospective college-goers find the best post-secondary fit. And while Rubinoff believes there are a good number of four-year schools that truly care about these students and set aside significant resources and programs for them, he says that number isn"t high enough. E. "It"s not only the selective and elite institutions that provide those opportunities for a small subset of this population," Rubinoff said, adding that a majority of first-generation undergraduates tend toward options such as online programs, two-year colleges, and commuter state schools. "Unfortunately, there tends to be a lack of information and support to help students think bigger and broader." F. Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions—and two-year schools in particular. As a former high school teacher, I saw students choose familiar, cheaper options year after year. Instead of skipping out on higher education altogether, they chose community colleges or state schools with low bars for admittance. G. "They underestimate themselves when selecting a university," said Dave Jarrat, a marketing executive for Inside Track, a for-profit organization that specializes in coaching low-income students and supporting colleges in order to help students thrive. "The reality of it is that a lot of low-income kids could be going to elite universities on a full ride scholarship and don"t even realize it." H. "Many students are coming from a situation where no one around them has the experience of successfully completing higher education, so they are coming in questioning themselves and their college worthiness," Jarrat continued. That helps explain why, as I"m First"s Rubinoff indicated, the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorest matches for them. The University of Tennessee in Knoxville offers one example of this dilemma. A flagship university in the South, the school graduates just 16 percent of its first-generation students, despite its overall graduation rate of 71 percent. Located only a few hours apart, The University of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State"s overall graduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smaller gap between the outcomes for first-generation students and those of their peers. I. Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent. Many large institutions keep this kind of data secret—or at least make it incredibly difficult to find. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance, admits only that the graduation rate for its first-generation pupils is "much lower" than the percentage of all students who graduate within four years (81 percent). J. It is actually quite difficult to find reliable statistics on the issue for many schools. Higher education institutions are, under federal law, required to report graduation rates, but these reports typically only include Pell recipient numbers—not necessarily rates specific to first-generation students. Other initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine how intimidating it can be for prospective students unfamiliar with the complexities of higher education to navigate this kind of information and then identify which schools are the best fit. K. It was this lack of information that prompted the launch of I"m First in 2013, originally as an arm of its umbrella organization, the Center For Student Opportunity. "If we can help to direct students to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realistic and accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get in and enroll, we are going to raise the success rate," Rubinoff said, citing a variety of colleges ranging from large state institutions to smaller private schools. L. Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I"m First, was a first-generation college student at Howard. Like other student new to the intimidating higher-education world, she often struggled on her path to college, "There wasn"t really a college-bound culture at my high school," she said. "I wanted to go to college but I didn"t really know the process." Jones became involved with a college-access program through Princeton University in high school. Now, she attributes much of her understanding of college to that: "But once I got to campus, it was a completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for." M. She was fortunate, though. Howard, a well-regarded historically black college, had an array of resources for its first-generation students, including matching kids with counselors, connecting first-generation students to one another, and TRIO, a national program that supported 200 students on Howard"s campus. Still, Jones represents a small percentage of first-generation students who are able to gain entry into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aid packages and remarkably high graduation rates for first-generation students. (Harvard, for example, boasts a six-year graduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of 98 percent.) N. Christian Vazquez, a first-generation Yale graduate, is another exception, his success story setting him far apart from students such as Nijay. "There is a lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after a while, there is too much support," he said, half-joking about the countless resources available at the school. Students are placed in small groups with counselors (trained seniors on campus); they have access to cultural and ethnic affinity (联系) groups, tutoring centers and also have a summer orientation specifically for first-generation students (the latter being one of the most common programs for students). O. "Our support structure was more like: "You are going to get through Yale; you are going to do well,"" he said, hinting at mentors (导师), staff, and professors who all provided significant support for students who lacked confidence about "belonging" at such a top institution.

填空题The name "United Nations" was probably devised by U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of the member states met and signed a declaration of common purpose on New Year's Day in 1942. Representatives of five (36) worked together to draw (37) proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944. These proposals, modified after debate at the conference on International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the U. N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June 1945. Poland, not (38) at the conference, signed the Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, (39) , after the Charter had been officially approved and signed by China, France, the U. S. , the U. K. and the U.S. and by a majority of the other participants that the U.N. came (40) existence. The date was 24 October, now (41) celebrated as United Nations Day. The essential (42) of the U.N. are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international (43) , social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and to be a centre for coordinating the actions of nations in attaining these common (44) . No country takes precedence over another in the U. N. Each member's rights and obligations are the same. All must contribute to the peaceful settlement of international dispute, and members have pledged to refrain (45) the threat or use of force against other states. Though the U.N. has no right to intervene in any state's internal affairs, it tries to ensure that non-member states act in accordance with its principles of international peace and security. U.N. members must offer every assistance in an approved U.N. action and in no way assist states against which the U.N. is taking preventive or enforcement action. A. represented I. into B. debate J. economic C. functions K. ends D. officially L. from E. promoting M. common F. powers N. up G. however O. original H. universally

填空题I don't think the new stringent ______ (获取驾照的要求会导致交通事故减少).

填空题Economic globalization is a powerful trend, driven by a (36) of technological developments, profit-seeking businesses, and generally supportive public policy. But globalization is also less (37) and more fragile than is widely-believed by both its supporters and its opponents. The demise of the first wave of globalization in the early decades of the twentieth century (38) demonstrates that it is not an irreversible trend. National borders and policies continue to play a role in limiting and directing international (39) . Discontent with globalization is widespread enough to be (40) . The most extreme and active of globalization's opponents depict it as the source of all that is wrong in the modern world, including poverty, (41) , inequality, violence, and war. Those of us who believe in globalization need to defend it. We need to continue to provide and to (42) not just the actual goods, services, and capital that flow across international borders, but the associated trade in ideas, skills, and institutions as well. When (43) by sensible, market-oriented public policies, globalization can be a great benefit to national wealth and social development. (44) . nor is it a plot by profit-hungry mega-corporations to exploit workers and deprive the environment. At the most fundamental level, (45) . Acts of buying, selling, producing, borrowing, and lending that used to be ruled but by geographic, technological, or legal barriers have now become practical. (46) , precisely because globalization embodies. such a vast and marvelous array of new economic opportunities.

填空题 The European Union had approved a number ofgenetically modified crops until late 1998. But growingpublic concern over its supposed environmental and health 62. ______risks led several EU countries to demand a moratorium(暂时禁止) on imports of any new GM produce. By late 1999there were enough such country to block any new approvals 63. ______of GM produce. Last year, America filed a complaint at theWTO about the moratorium, arguing that it was an illegaltrade barrier because there is no scientific base for it. 64. ______ As more studies have been completed on the effects ofGM crops, the greens' case for them has weakened. 65. ______Much evidence has emerged of health risks from eating them. 66. ______And, overall, the studies have shown that the environmentaleffects on modified crops are not always as serious as the 67. ______greens claim. Nevertheless, environmentalists continue to findfault of such studies and argue that riley are inconclusive. 68. ______ While Americans seem be happy enough to consume 69. ______food made from GM crops, opinion polls continue to showthat European consumers dislike the idea. Europeans seem betaking the attitude which, since there remains the slightest 70. ______possibility of adverse consequences and since it is clear how 71. ______they, as consumers, benefit from GM crops, they wouldrather not run the risk.

填空题Writing code is a terrible way for humans to command computers. Lucky for us, new technology is about to 1 programming languages as useful as Latin. Boston, New York, New Zealand and a whole lot of other places are going crazy for coding courses 2 by Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates. It"s 3 in tech circles to say so and might get me disinvited to parties with the cast of Silicon Valley, but learning a programming language could turn out to be 4 for most kids. We"re approaching an interesting 5 : Computers are about to get more brainlike and will understand us on our terms, not theirs. The very nature of programming will shift toward something closer to 6 a new hire how to do his or her job. Using a made-up language to talk to computers goes back to the 1950s, when IBM scientist John Backus created FORTRAN (公式翻译). Since computers then had less processing power than an earthworm, it was much easier for humans to learn ways to give orders to computers than it was to get computers to 7 humans. Over the next six decades, programming languages got 8 sophisticated. But computers are still like Parisian waiters who refuse to listen if you don"t speak French: They take direction only in their own language. Finally, it looks as if that will change. A couple of developments 9 how. One comes out of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the military"s science lab. Later this year, DARPA is going to 10 a program called MUSE (Mining and Understanding Software Enclaves). "What we"re trying to do is a paradigm shift in the way we think about software," DARPA"s Suresh Jagannathan tells Newsweek. A. backed I. launch B. boosted J. offensive C. comprehend K. prior D. fruitless L. prosperity E. illustrate M. render F. increasingly N. sponsored G. instantly O. transition H. instructing