填空题Some people argue that most crime ______ (可归咎于对金钱的贪婪).

填空题In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They 1 needed supplies of highly trained personnel to 2 concept of development based on modernization. But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training. In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special "return" programs to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1,600 3 scientists and technicians to return to Latin America. In the 1980s and 1990s, "temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel 4 strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program"s Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain from these countries may well increase in 5 to the new laws of the international market in knowledge. Recent studies 6 that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, or so it is thought. As a 7 there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give 8 to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad; they must introduce 9 administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is 10 to continue. A．forecast B．flexible C．neutrally D．preference E．detach F．bound G．implement H．consequence I．qualified J．dismissing K．result L．occupying M．urgently N．skeptical O．response

填空题Predictive profiling, an unconventional idea, involves guessing who is likely to commit a crime.

填空题When Sharon wag 5 years old, she realised something was horribly wrong. She was playing Blind Man's Bluff in her front garden. When the blindfold (蒙眼布) was removed, she didn't know where she wag. She has a (26) called developmental topographical disorientation (DTD). People with the condition struggle to form mental maps and so can't easily (27) . This means they get lost—a lot. This kind of flipping, where Sharon's world suddenly becomes (28) , now happens to her throughout the day. As a child, Sharon told her mother what was happening. (29) , her mother said that she should never tell anyone, because they would think she was a (30) and burn her. Sharon quickly found a way to reorientate herself. Whenever her world flipped, she took herself somewhere private, closed her eyes and (31) in circles. "I open my eyes and the world is back to normal." Then, almost 20 years later, a friend persuaded her to write to the (32) neurologist Oliver Sacks. She didn't think he would write back, but he did reply, suggesting that she might have topographagnosia—an orientation (33) that results from brain injury. Since then, Sharon has taken part in several studies. These all show that people with DTD have no problems with their memory or (34) . They can follow spoken directions and their brains are anatomically normal. However, there does seem to be decreased communication between two brain areas: the right hippocampus, (35) memory, and the prefrontal cortex, which is important for monitoring information, attention and working memory.

填空题{{B}}Fat{{/B}} Adult fat rates have almost quadrupled in the last 25 years. Not 22% of Britons are fat and three-quarters are overweight. The number of fat tripled in 20 years. 10% of six year olds are fat, rising to 17% of 15 year olds. Becoming fat can lead to health problems, including arthritis, heart disease and diabetes; {{B}}What is Fat?{{/B}} Your "body mass index" or BMI is a measure of, body fat based on height and weight. A BMI of: Under 20 = underweight 20 - 25 = normal 25 - 30 = overweight 30 + = fat So, according to the formula, people are classed as fat if they have a body mass index over 30. They are overweight if it is 25 - 30.{{B}}Reasons to Get Fat{{/B}} Fat functions as energy reservoir. It is 1aid down when food is plentiful and then converted back to energy when needed. Normal levels of fat are not a problem for the body. In fact, they're necessary for it to function smoothly. On a basic level, people become fat when their caloric intake is higher than their calorie expenditure. However, a host of factors complicate this picture. An individual's genetics, metabolism, culture and lifestyle all have a role to play.{{B}}Where is Fat Stored in the Body?{{/B}} Most fat is stored under the skin. But there is also some on top of your kidneys and inside your liver and muscles. Other body parts that gather fat depend on your gender: · adult men: chest, waist · adult women: breasts, waist and hips Fat tissue is made up of fat cells. These are like tiny plastic bags that hold droplets of fat. Fat cells are only formed in our childhood. They start growing while we are in our mothers' pregnancy. The next stage of generation is during puberty (青春期), when the sex hormones are triggered. It defines the areas in which the fat cells grow. The amount of fat the body wants to store is thought to be proportional to the total number of fat cells. After puberty, we do not grow any more fat cells. Our ceils just expand or shrink to accommodate the fat inside our bodies.{{B}}The problem with Childhood Fat{{/B}} If a child becomes fat their body processes can change. Some of these may Be difficult or even impossible to alter in adulthood. Fat ceils are laid down in the first few years of life. If fat is stored quickly, more fat cells are created. So a fat child can have up to three times as many as a normal child. Eventually, fat cells stop multiplying and an adult has a fixed number for the rest of their life. The existing cells simply enlarge or shrink to accommodate more fat. Health problems for kids — Few health problems are observed in obsess children. But they may develop conditions that cause problems later in life, such as high blood pressure. They may also suffer from "sleep apnoea (呼吸暂停)". When this happens, soft tissue in the throat blocks the airways during sleep. This can stop their breathing for up to a minute. This process can happen hundreds of times a night, leading to heart disease, memory problems, headaches and fatigue. Diabetes risk Some fat children may develop type Ⅱ diabetes. Normally this condition only starts much later in life. When it strikes, the body stops being able to process sugar properly and the cells are starved of energy. Type Ⅱ diabetes cannot be cured, but it can be treated. It may lead to complications such as nerve damage, heart disease, kidney disease and blindness. Children with this condition will have to live with it all their lives, increasing the chance of complications.{{B}}What Treatments Are Available?{{/B}} New drugs — Current weigh-loss drugs are mainly amphetamine (安非他明，一种药品) based. They increase the amount of some hormones in the blood, lowering hunger levels. However, they are not suitable for long term use and side effects can include high blood pressure, anxiety and restlessness. New drugs are being developed that may give greater weight loss with fewer side effects. Lifestyle changes — New drugs may help people to lose weight, but the problem is keeping it off. Most people who lose weight on a calorie controlled diet put it on again. Only 5% of fat people manage to keep their weight down. What is required is a complete change in lifestyle. More exercise, a healthier balanced diet and realistic expectations can help make the change permanent. To become healthier doesn't require huge weight loss.{{B}}Advice on Childhood Fat{{/B}} Professor Jane Wardle, an expert on childhood fat, gives her advice-on helping children lose weight. (1) Should kids ever be made of finish what's on their plate? — Don't force children to eat more when they say they are full — otherwise they could lose their ability to naturally regulate what they eat. Before serving up a second portion, wait a few minutes. It takes some time for the messages that tell us we have had enough to eat to reach the brain. (2) Can giving kids food as a reward cause fat? — Using food as a reward is never a good idea because your child will learn to value certain "treat" foods and may turn to food for comfort. Use non-food rewards instead — they don't need to be large material rewards. One of the best motivators is praise! (3) Is it worth forbidding fattening foods? — Forbidding certain foods can make them seem more attractive. Teach your child about the health value of foods, particularly those that are rich in vitamins and nutrients. Make your home a healthy food zone. Fill up the fruit bowl instead of buying biscuits and crisps. Your child is likely to model themselves on your behavior, so choose healthy food options whenever possible. (4) Should I offer my child a choice of food? — Research has shown that when there is more choice available we tend to eat more. Even the sight or smell of tempting food can override the body's natural mechanism of regulation so we eat when we're not hungry. You might want to offer your child a choice, but keep the options to a minimum. (5) At what age should kids be treated for fat? — Parents of even young children can make sure the family changes to a healthy lifestyle rather than targeting weight loss specifically. Children grow at different rates and many' overweight children will "grow out of it" as they grow taller. Few treatments are targeted at children under the age of seven years. From age 8 to 10, a child who is fat should have a medical evaluation to assess the severity of the problem. The older your child is, the less likely they are to grow out of it. A 15-year-old who is over-weight is likely to remain so in adulthood.

填空题Fever is a ______ to infection, and no major problems generally come from fever itself.

填空题When they go to the factory to have practice ______ (not tell) them so far.

填空题Such behaviors as communicating complex ideas and using tools are not unique to human any more.

填空题A scientific panel convened by the World Health Organization recommended guidelines on Friday for doctors conducting clinical studies of SARS patients. The panel urged doctors to apply the guidelines in analyzing the masses of potentially useful information about various therapies that were collected in this year's epidemic. Much of that information has not been published or analyzed. "It is a matter of urgency to get better analysis and review", said Dr. Simon Mardel, a WHO official who led the two-day meeting that ended on Friday. He said thousands of potential therapies and compounds had been tested so far as researchers try to determine treatments for SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome. "We recognize that having no treatment for SARS is hindering our ability to control an epidemic in so many ways," he said. In the epidemic earlier this year, various treatments, like drugs to fight the virus or strengthen the immune system, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, were delivered under emergency conditions, in widely different settings and countries to patients suffering from varying stages of the illness. Those conditions—generally without standardized measurements or controlled situations—have made it hard to interpret results. Standard supportive therapy like nursing, and in severe cases the use of mechanical respirators(呼吸器) to help patients breathe, is the mainstay(主要支持) of SARS care, and helped many patients survive. But doctors still do not know how best to treat SARS patients who have breathing difficulties. Dr. Mardel said. One method is invasive ventilation. A second method involves blowing oxygen into the lungs through a mask. Both carry the risk of transmitting the virus to hospital employees. Without proper analysis, the panel was unable to say definitively which treatment worked best, or which caused the most harm. "There is a lack of shared information, " Dr. Mardel said, noting that a lot of data have not been published. The panel also agreed on guidelines that would allow doctors to conduct quick and safe clinical trials, a process that generally takes years to complete. The World Health Organization, a United Nations agency did not release the guidelines. Dr. Mardel said they were flexible because no one knew where, when and in what setting SARS would return. Experts in many countries have already listed the treatments they want to test, and the health agency is leaving these decisions to individual nations.

填空题Why was the author's first teacher fired?

填空题Bully problem is definitely more serious than what these surveys' figures have shown.

填空题Water WarningsUrgent Tasks for China Water has long been considered an inexhaustible resource. But China is facing an unmistakable water crisis, and recently, because of increasingly hard-to-miss symptoms of the shortage, people in all parts of society are beginning to realize just how precious commodity water really is. At first glance, it seems like there should be enough: China's total supply of freshwater resources ranks sixth in the world, after Brazil, Russia, Canada, the United States and Indonesia. But despite this apparent advantage, China's per capita water resources fall far below the world average of 7,600 cubic meters per-capita due to the country's enormous population size. China's per-capita amount of 2,200 cubic meters is expected to decrease further as the country continues its rapid economic growth and population expansion. "Without excessively exploiting underground water, China has a water gap of nearly 40 billion cubic meters. The country's 320 million rural people aren't able to drink safe water and over 400 cities don't have sufficient water supply, 110 of which face a serious shortage," Wang Shucheng, Minister of Water Resources, said recently. Some water resources experts warn that the current shortage is no more than a warning signal, with a greater crisis yet to come. The Ministry of Water Resources issued a water crisis warning as early as November 2001. At the time it said that when the Chinese population peaks at 1.6 billion in 2030, China's per-capita water resources could fall to 1,700 cubic meters, the internationally acknowledged level below which an area is said to be experiencing "water stress". Poor Natural Conditions Scant water resources to slake the thirsts of a population of 1.3 billion, and the uneven geographical distribution of these resources, form the basis of water conditions in China. Affected by monsoons (季候风), China's precipitation (降水量) varies considerably among different seasons. The time of precipitation overlaps (交迭) with the hottest seasons, mostly in summer and autumn and scarcely in winter and spring. Generally, regions with the lowest precipitation levels receive it concentratedly only at certain times of the year, which easily gives rise to drought in spring and flooding in summer. Meanwhile, two thirds of China's water resources is comprised of runoff flooding, which means rivers often flood in the rainy season and dry up at other times. China's water resources are also distributed geographically unevenly, inconsistent with the distribution of land, mineral resources and productivity. Generally, water resources are concentrated in the southern and eastern parts of the country, and in mountainous areas. Annual precipitation amounts vary from more than 3,000 millimeters in the southeast to less than 50 millimeters in the northwest. China is prone to floods and droughts, such-as the severe drought that hit Chongqing and Sichuan in southwest China this summer, the country's worst in 50 years. While per capita water resources in some areas of the north approach the level of the driest countries in the world, the water-rich south often suffers from seasonal droughts, which adversely affects rice, the major crop reliant on watering, as well as other cash crops. The last two decades have seen a nominal change in the country's surface water resources and total water resources. Yet clue to factors such as global climate change and river drainage, and total water resources in south China are rising while water resources in the north are falling significantly. A Series of Measures Adopted by Chinese Government Against these difficult conditions, the Chinese Government has taken a series of measures to try and guarantee the basic water demands necessary for daily life and social and economic development. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the state has built a total of 85,000 reservoirs, with a total reserve capacity of over 500 billion cubic meters. Recently the government began to restore the longest canal in the world, built 1,400 years ago. The Grand Canal, which starts from the northern end of Beijing and ends in the southeastern city of Hang Zhou, near Shanghai, still runs today for 1,794 kilometers. As well, the government has initiated a plan to build new canals to channel water from south to north, though the project also involves land requisition and the resettlement of people living along some parts of the proposed canals. The south to north water transfer project, China's largest ever water project, involves an estimated investment of 500 billion Yuan and proposes to move 44 billion cubic meters of water per year through three transfer canals, from the Yangtze River Basin to north China.Serious Waste For a long time, the phenomena of serious water shortage and low efficiency in water usage, or even waste of water, have coexisted in China. In terms of efficiency of water usage in agriculture, China's average grain output per cubic meter of irrigation water is about 1 kilogram while that of advanced countries is 2.5 to 3 kilograms. For the time being, the majority of China's farmland is continuing to adopt the old method of flood irrigation. The amount of farmland using water conservation technologies in irrigation accounts for just 35 percent of the effectively irrigated farmland, as compared to over 80 percent in some developed countries. In terms of water efficiency in industry, the major problem is a low recycling rate. Statistics from 2004 show that China's water consumption per 10,000 yuan worth of CDP was 399 cubic meters, four times the world average level and eight times that of industrialized countries; for 10,000 yuan worth of added industrial value, China's water consumption was 196 cubic meters and China's recycling rate of industrial water was between 60 to 65 percent, while the figures for industrialized countries were below 50 cubic meters and 80 to 85 percent respectively. The waste of water is particularly serious in people's daily lives. A large amount of urban wastewater from washing cars, watering grass or washing hair in salons flows away without recycling. According to rough estimates, 20 percent of China's urban tap water leaks due to aging pipes, which is more than double the amount in cities of developed countries. More and more Chinese people are drinking purified water instead of boiled tap water out of health concerns or for the sake of convenience. But few people know that some purified water manufacturers use outdated equipment and technology, meaning that only 1 ton of purified water is produced from 3 to 4 tons of source water. Besides water waste, overuse of water is also exerting strains on resources. Some regions in northern China are actually using water required by the natural environment and ecological systems to sustain social and economic development. The number of cities and well irrigation areas in the countryside, which excessively exploit ground water, has grown from 56 at the beginning of the 1980s to more than 160 at present. The area of overuse has grown from 87,000 square kilometers to over 180,000 square kilometers, resulting in ecological disasters such as ground sinkage, water hardening and backflow of seawater. Creating a Water-saving Society Facing the harsh reality of the country's water situation, some Chinese cities have strived to conserve water. Cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Qingdao have built several model projects of producing renewed water from urban sewage, laying the foundation for promoting the production and use of renewed water in China. "If further efforts in conserving water are made and one third of the water consumed by cities is recycled and reused, the amount saved would equal the total water amount of the newly built canal, ' said Qiu Baoxing, Vice Minister of Construction. Li Lifeng is the director of the fresh water project for the Beijing office of World Wildlife Fund (WWF), a global environmental conservation organization. He thinks China still needs to overthrow the traditional project-oriented management and usage models of water resources, implement measures of low-pollution production and ways of building a water-saving society, as well as take advantage of the ecological system in holding and cleansing water and preventing flooding. Minister of Water Resources Wang Shucheng pointed out, "Building a water conserving society, which consists of water conservation campaigns and enhancement of efficiency of water resources, is indispensable in guaranteeing China's sustainable development." He explained that the efforts to build a water-conserving society go beyond promoting the conservation of water. Wang said that different from the traditional water conservation campaigns that focused mostly on water-saving projects, equipment and technologies and relied essentially on government's administrative means, building a water-conserving society mainly requires the formulation of mechanisms and economic incentives. He noted that through influencing the production process, China's economic growth mode could be transformed and the country put on a path of resources-friendly and environment-friendly development.

填空题Major depressive episodes happen to women earlier than men.

填空题The academic paper undergraduates write at the university is for academic purpose.