填空题The path to prison often starts at a young age. One way to keep young offenders out of the criminal justice system is called restorative justice (恢复性司法). One of the first nonprofit organizations to use this method is Community Works in California. The organization now 1 100 cases a year; it works in partnership with the district attorney"s office and the probation department. Matthew Golde is a prosecutor. He says prison is not the best 2 for most young people who commit a crime. John is 16 years old. He got caught tagging, putting graffiti (涂鸦) on a building. He tried to 3 and hit a police officer while resisting arrest. John is reading his letter of apology to the officer. "I still don"t understand why I did it, but I do understand what a terrible choice it was to make in the moment. Hurting you was not my 4 ." Instead of a judge, there is a facilitator. John"s parents are attending the conference with the police officer he attacked. They are speaking 5 to each other. Melissa Saavedra is an employee of Community Works, with her 6 , they agree on a restitution plan. John will 7 20 hours of community service and do work at home for his parents. John was given a second chance. He can return to school with no 8 Restorative justice is not well-known in the US, but the system 9 hundreds of years, used by American Indian tribes and the aborigines of New Zealand. Mennonites in Ontario, Canada, started the modern-day practice in the 1970s. The idea has since 10 to other parts of the world.

填空题 The European Union had approved a number ofgenetically modified crops until late 1998. But grow public 62. ______concern over their supposed environmental and health risks ledseveral EU country to demand a moratorium (暂时禁止) 63. ______on imports of any new GM produce (转基因农产品).For late 1999 there were enough such countries to block any 64. ______new approvals of GM produce. Last year, America filed a complaintat the WTO about the moratorium, without arguing that 65. ______it was an illegal trade barrier because there is no scientificbase for it. As more studies have been completed on the 66. ______effects of GM crops, the greens' case for them has weakened. 67. ______Much evidence has emerged of health risks from eating them. 68. ______And, overall, the studies have shown that the environmentaleffects on modified crops are not always as serious as the 69. ______greens claim. Nevertheless, environmentalists continue to findfault of such studies and argue that they are inconclusive. 70. ______ While Americans seem happy enough to consume foodmade from GM crops, opinion polls continue to show thatEuropean consumers dislike the idea. Europeans seem be taking 71. ______the attitude which , since there remains the slightestpossibility of adverse consequences and since it is clearhow they, as consumers, benefit from GM crops, theywould rather not run the risk.

填空题A great slogan should remind people of the brand name, so the name should appear in the tagline.

填空题The problem of unemployment the governments want solved is as serious as never in underdeveloped countries. A. the B. solved C. never D. underdeveloped

填空题______ (已经使用了各种可能的方法去防止空气污染), but the sky is still not clear.

填空题What should parents do when hearing the child tell a bad story at school?

填空题Conversation calls for a willingness to alternate the role of speaker with one of listener ,and it calls for occasional "digestive pauses" by both. A. a B. one C. listener D. by

填空题When the heart breaks down, it beats irregularly or not at all. A bone can chip or snap. But when the complex network of neurons in our brain fails to work, the result can be a near-endless variety and combinations of mental illnesses. It is normal to sometimes be sad, happy, anxious, confused, forgetful or fearful, but when a person's emotions, thoughts or behavior frequently trouble them, or disrupt their lives, they may be subject to mental illness. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 450 million people worldwide are affected by mental, neurological or behavioral problems at any time. However, determining that someone has a mental illness, and which one, is one of the challenges psychiatrists face. Historically, some symptoms of mental illness, such as eccentric behavior and hearing voices, have been taken as evidence of heavenly communication or demonic (恶魔的) possession. More recently, brain scans have directly linked these conditions with changes in levels of neurotransmitters—chemicals that convey messages across neurons—or alterations in the number or structure of neurons in different brain areas. For instance, people suffering from depression often display lowered levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin (血清素). In a few cases, the immediate cause of the malfunction has been identified. Alzheimer's disease, a major source of dementia and memory loss in the elderly, is caused by the accumulation of protein plaques which choke neurons in the brain. Some infectious diseases can also develop into a mental illness. Untreated HIV infection can cause dementia, as can the uncontrolled replication of the germ that causes syphilis (梅毒). In many cases the precise cause is unclear and experts suspect that many different factors are involved. The chance that identical twins both develop schizophrenia (精神分裂症) is much higher than that for fraternal twins or siblings, proving the strong role of inherited genes. But scientists are accumulating a growing list of other risk factors that predispose people to this condition, including prenatal exposure to famine conditions, certain infections or exposure to lead. The season of their birth also seems important—birth in winter or early spring increases the risk, as does an older father and, controversially, child abuse. Genes are also thought to influence many other mental health problems, including: anorexia, autism, Alzheimer's disease and bipolar disorder. Some researchers believe that smoking cigarettes and taking recreational drugs may elevate a user's risk of mental illnesses.

填空题By the end of the 19th century people had shown enormous enthusiasm for ______.

填空题On the heel of the drought ______ (又发生新的灾害).

填空题 American culture has not been immune to cultural influences from outside. The idea of democracy came from the ancient Greeks; the Industrial Revolution started in England; jazz and rock music preserve African rhythms — to pick a few examples. Indeed, many of the things we think of as "100 percent American" came from other cultures. Still, most of the changes in American culture over the last century have come from within, as the result of inventions and discoveries. And change has been dramatic. The rapid changes affecting America have been led by economic and technological forces. The culture dimensions of this change have been largely ignored in the process. Without significant advances and innovation in the realm of culture and value, the huge economic and technological gains of the recent past are exposed to great risk. One hundred years ago the United States was largely a nation of farmers. Many of the things we take for granted today — a high school education, for example, or indoor plumbing — were luxuries then. The moon was a light for lovers, not a site of scientific exploration; genetic engineering (基因工程) was not even a subject for science fiction, much less for laboratory research and corporate investments. The decades following the Second World War, in particular, were characterized by spectacular (引人入胜的) scientific and technological advances, national self-confidence, optimism, and (for many Americans) prosperity. The American economy was the strongest in the world: more goods were produced and sold, more people were working, and the standard of living was higher than ever before. Polls taken in the 1950s and 1960s show that the average American was preoccupied with the questions "Will I make a good living?", "Will I be successful?" and "Will I raise successful, happy children?" Success was defined in terms of maintaining a stable family and "keeping up with the Jones". Most Americans believed that if they played by the rules — if they work hard and did what was expected, if they sacrificed their own needs to those of their family and their employer — they would be rewarded with an ever-increasing standard of living, a devoted spouse, and decent children. An expensive car, a suburban home, and children in college were tangible (可触知的) signs that hard work and self-sacrifice paid off, which is so-called American Dream. American Dream is a kind of spirit that encourages people to achieve success through their hard-working, and it indicates that everybody has chance to succeed through effort.

填空题What makes the arrival at a new place an exciting experience for one while terrifying for another?

填空题Singaporeans believe that a lack of Chinese-speaking skills is a disadvantage in the 21st century.

填空题There is a general understanding in the members of the Board of Directors that chief attention be given to the undertaking that is expected to bring in the highest profit. A. a B. in C. be given D. bring in